The crew of the Russian plane that crashed in the Sinai Peninsula did not anticipate the disaster. According to the Interfax agency, this follows from the recordings of the conversations of the crew members of the Airbus 321 plane transcribed from the "black boxes".
7 PHOTOS
1. The Russian news agency cites anonymous sources in Cairo. According to the information they received, noises and conversations that are completely normal for a normal flight are heard on the audio recordings. (Photo: FORUM). 
2. “Four minutes before the plane disappeared from the radar, the crew members had a standard conversation with the flight controllers, nothing indicated any problems and they did not inform about anything like that,” an anonymous source quotes Interfax. (Photo: FORUM). 
3. Even at the moment when the plane disappeared from the radar, the records of the "black boxes" remain unchanged. (Photo: FORUM). 
4. According to information from Cairo, it follows that there are no records from the "black boxes" confirming the information that the aircraft crew asked for help. (Photo: FORUM). 
5. Russian news agencies reported that a second plane had arrived in St. Petersburg with the bodies of the victims of the plane crash. So far, 184 bodies of passengers who died in a plane crash on the Sinai Peninsula have been transported to Russia. (Photo: FORUM). 
6. According to one of the experts on US security and defense, James Clapper, it is "unlikely" that the Islamic State's jihadists had the opportunity to shoot down a passenger plane. However, he did not reject this version. “It's unlikely, but I wouldn't rule it out,” he added. (Photo: FORUM). 
7. Whereas the majority of French experts believe that the cause of the crash of the Russian plane was a terrorist attack. “The fact that the wreckage of the plane is scattered over a large area, and the fact that the car disintegrated in the air at high altitude, leads to the assumption that it was a terrorist attack,” experts from France say. (Photo: FORUM).
It is not known whether the cause of the crash was a bomb that exploded on board the aircraft or the Airbus 321 was shot down by a missile.
He writes about the found Indonesian black box (which is always taken in quotation marks, although everyone has long known that it is orange, and this is to everyone's attention):
The department said that the equipment for decrypting the recordings from the recorder will be delivered from Moscow to Jakarta on Thursday, May 17. The ministry did not name the approximate deadlines for the completion of the analysis of the records, but they assured that "if there are no technical problems, then the whole procedure (decryptions - Lenta.ru's note) will not take much time."
What the fuck is the procedure? What kind of equipment? First of all, I don't understand, what for is there something to encrypt? Secondly, in what century do we live that some kind of "equipment" is required to decrypt anything? Or do they have no keys, and they are carrying a supercomputer to brute force? Why can't you get a USB flash drive out of the black box, put it into any computer and listen to the file?
Readers answer:
Ilya, “transcript” is used here in the same sense as in “transcript of interviews” - it is the transformation of sounds into letters. Of course, there is no encryption in such records, but they are “encrypted” by elementary interference, hissing, mechanical damage to the record, etc. To make out such a record, sometimes you need to make quite a lot of effort, hence the “decryption”.
Reported by Artyom the Dearest. I must say that the use of the word "decryption" in this sense annoys me no less. I also remember that people used to call “digitization” copying a music disc to a computer. Artyom continues:
Well, special equipment is needed to read the recording itself, because in old recorders it was made on a metal wire. Flash drives began to be used relatively recently, the replacement is taking place gradually, so that old technologies will exist for some time.
That's all yes, but here's a new plane. Here's another link to this:
The information that the voice recorder of the SSJ-100 crashed in Indonesia was found was confirmed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. “The black box is badly burned, but the memory module is intact,” noted Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Yuri Slyusar ...
He explained that the recording of information in the flight recorders installed on the aircraft is carried out on a solid-state drive, which has higher technical characteristics than magnetic tapes or wires. Moreover, the "black box" itself is much better protected from shock overloads and high temperatures. So, according to the developers, the protected memory module withstands shock overloads up to 3600 g, remains operational for an hour when exposed to temperatures up to 1000 degrees Celsius, and up to 30 days when immersed in sea water to a depth of 6 thousand meters.
As you can see, there is a "memory module". That is, it is not clear, nevertheless, what kind of equipment.
When a plane crash happens, great hopes are pinned on decoding the "black box". We will tell you what a "black box" is and why it is so important to "read" it.
Why and when did you come up with it?
Australia is considered the birthplace of the first "black box". The credit for the invention is attributed to David Warren. In 1953, he worked on a team of a commission investigating the causes of the crash of the first jet passenger liner "Comet-2" and thought about the fact that it would be nice to have a device on board each aircraft that could register all the processes occurring during the flight.
Four years later, the first flight recorder was made. David put it together with colleagues at the Aeronautics Laboratory in Melbourne. A year later, the head of the British Aircraft Registration Agency became interested in the device. He invited Warren to England, where the black box was improved with the help of other specialists. Two years later, after the plane crash in the state of Queensland, "black boxes" were ordered to be on all Australian ships and they spread throughout the world.
Why is the box called "black"
It is corny, but true - the box, of course, is not black. And not a box. Many have seen it in pictures. Usually it is either an orange ball or an orange cylinder. As to why the device is still called "black", there are two versions. One by one - the first "black boxes" really were black boxes, and they began to be painted in bright colors later; on the other - the box was called "black" because of its inaccessibility to anyone except narrow specialists. Even the ground services could not touch the flight recorder.
What is it made of?
Traditionally, "black box" shells are made from titanium alloys or alloyed iron. In any case, it is a high-strength, heat-resistant material. Although, I must say that the main safety of the "black boxes" is provided not even by the material from which they are made, but by their location. Usually - in the tail or keel of the aircraft.
What's inside?
The "filling" of the "black boxes" changed over time, but its essence remained the same. Inside the flight recorder there is a device that records changes occurring during the flight, technical parameters, records the conversations of pilots and air traffic controllers. In the first "black boxes" the parameters were written in ink on paper tape, there was no need to talk about quality, then there was a rapid development, photographic film began to be used, then wire. Today, data is typically written to magnetic and solid state drives.
What loads can it withstand?
Black boxes are designed with critical loads in mind. They withstand 3400 g, and statics of 2 tons for 5 minutes, water pressure at depths of up to 6000 meters.
A special conversation is the strength testing of recorders. Science magazine lists the checks that black boxes go through before being used. A sample of the recorder is fired from an air cannon, beaten, crushed, kept on fire at a temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius, kept at low temperatures down to -70 degrees, immersed in salt water and process fluids (gasoline, kerosene, engine oils).
What do black boxes read?
"Black boxes" are constantly being improved. The first airborne readers recorded only five parameters (course, altitude, speed, vertical acceleration, and time). They were recorded with a stylus on disposable metal foil. The last round of the evolution of onboard readers dates back to 1990, when solid-state media began to be used for recording. Modern "black boxes" are capable of monitoring up to 256 parameters. National Geografic says the latest recorders can monitor the movement of all wing parts and landing systems.
Why are they looking for so long?
All flight recorders are equipped with radio beacons, as well as acoustic systems for searching underwater, which are triggered only in case of danger. However, it must be admitted that beacons are not the most reliable devices. If the "black box" is under the rubble or at great depths, then the signal is extinguished, which greatly complicates the search.
How to say it in English?
In English-language sources, the "black box" can be called differently: flight recorder, blackbox and flight data recorder.
Drowning or not?
One more question that is especially relevant today: do "black boxes" sink? Almost all flight recorder models are sinking. Usually, buoyancy is not specified in their parameters, but the parameter of being in sea water at a certain depth is specified. So, for the "black box" Bars-2M information should be stored when in sea water at a depth of 1000 meters for 30 days.
How many "black boxes" are there on the plane?
The number of recorders may differ on different types of aircraft. Usually this is an onboard storage device that is used in everyday work, as well as a protected onboard storage device, which is the notorious "black box". A separate unit in it is a protected recorder of crew conversations and sounds in the cockpit. All technical parameters are recorded on the flight recorder relative to the time scale.
Are there any alternatives?
Still falling. It is logical to assume that "black boxes" are still not the most reliable devices in the world capable of disrupting the sad statistics of plane crashes. Are there any alternatives to them?
At the moment, there is no alternative to "black boxes", but development is constantly underway to improve recorders. In the near future, it is planned to transmit all data from flight recorders in real time either to a satellite or to services at air bases.
In an interview with Newyorker, Steve Abdou, a Boeing 777 captain and partner at an aviation consulting firm, commented on the prospect of such changes: “Sending black box data in real time will require expensive satellite communications, but it can be sent at four to five minute intervals. the price and will increase the profitability of the technology application. " Every day the number of satellites in Earth's orbit is increasing, so storing flight data on a "remote" device seems to be the most likely alternative to long searches and painstaking data decryption.
I repeat the question. What's happened plane black box? I'll try to joke and answer: nothing ... 🙂 And, strictly speaking, the answer is correct. Because, firstly, not black, and, secondly, often not even a box. Listening to some television report about a serious flight accident, you can hear something like "the search for black boxes is underway." Something intricate and mysterious.
Emergency flight data recorder of the MSRP-12-96 system
In fact, no mystery. Each modern aircraft has technical means of objective control - SOC. Usually this is an on-board recording device (BUR), which records and stores flight information and an on-board recorder (BM), which records the crew's conversations. All this information is used to assess the actions of the crew during the flight mission, to monitor and diagnose the operation of aircraft systems and, in the event of any flight incident, to help in finding the causes that led to this incident. BUR is a complex of electronic units and cables. One of these blocks is necessarily a flight data accumulator. This very drive is the mysterious black box of the plane. If we talk about black boxes in the plural, then usually we mean also the drive of the on-board tape recorder. The "black box" is actually a bright orange color. This is done so that in the event of an accident and destruction of the aircraft, it is visually noticeable. To facilitate searches, radio beacons are even often built into the blocks. The drive is most often installed in the tail section of the aircraft or even in the keel. This is done in order to avoid damage as much as possible, because the keel, for example, often remains slightly damaged in an accident. The electronic unit itself is usually placed in a titanium armored casing, using special thermal insulation, which allows it to stay at a temperature of 1100 degrees Celsius for 30-40 minutes without internal damage.
example of cylindrical data storage
Orange paint, by the way, is also heat-resistant. The shape of the body is usually cylindrical or spherical, if of course the design allows it. Plane black box(helicopter) is actually a very useful unit from a practical point of view. But not so long ago, aircraft were built without them. During the Patriotic War, aircraft began to appear in the Soviet Union on which two or three parameters were registered.However, the rapid spread of BUR began in the first half of the 60s of the last century in foreign civil aviation. In the USSR, this issue has been closely tackled since 1970 after joining ICAO. And this happened because, according to ICAO standards, a flight to international lines without means of objective control is prohibited. Australia was the first state to legislate the mandatory installation of this system on all aircraft, and it was the Australian scientist David Warren who is considered its inventor.
David Warren, inventor of the "black box"
The systems are constantly being improved. The old aircraft were equipped with BUR, in which the parameters were recorded in ink on paper tape. It is clear what quality and safety there could be. Then photographic film became the storage medium, and the storage device was, in fact, a loop oscilloscope. Nowadays, magnetic drives are mainly used. Information is recorded here in digital form, and the carrier is a magnetic tape or special wire. New generation recorders with solid-state storage media are already appearing. This ensures even greater safety and quality. The possibilities for the number of fixed parameters are also growing. If the SARPP-12 system could register only 12 parameters, the MSRP-64, respectively 64, then the TESTER-U3 is already 256. Thus plane black box(as well as a helicopter and any other aircraft) is a bright orange, often cylindrical or spherical unit. Serves not at all to preserve the secret, but just to reveal it. Again we have a discrepancy in :-). Anyway ... In this situation, it is important that this box has to carry out its emergency tasks as little as possible ...
Photos are clickable.
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) decoded the data of the second - speech - flight recorder crashed in the Moscow region passenger aircraft An-148. The experts were able to confirm the information obtained when decoding the parametric recorder: the pilots received incorrect speed data due to icy sensors.
According to the record, the pilots read the control card before departure, activating and checking the operation of various instruments. At the same time, as the publication notes, for some reason the crew does not turn on the heating of the full pressure receivers from which the speed sensors are read out, although this action is written in the map.
After takeoff, pilots find different speed readings. They argue trying to find a solution. As a result, they increase speed and tilt the plane towards the ground. Then inarticulate screams are heard, after which the plane crashes into the ground.
- One of the flight recorders of the crashed An-148
- RIA News
Honored pilot of the USSR, member of the Public Council under Rostransnadzor, Oleg Smirnov, in a conversation with RT, urged not to make final conclusions and recalled that, in addition to displays with speed readings, there are other devices that can determine the position of an aircraft.
“We need to be careful with this information. But experts superimposed the decoding of the speech recorder on the decoding of the parametric one in seconds - and a lot was revealed. Indeed, in addition to the speed indicator, there is an “artificial horizon” device: it is used to determine the spatial position of the aircraft. There are altitude instruments: one is a barometric one, which shows pressure, the second is a radio altimeter, which measures altitude up to a centimeter. It has not yet been established whether all these devices were operational. But why weren't they taken measures to remove the roll? Moreover, on modern aircraft there is a voice warning that says, "Stop sinking." Despite this, the descent was not stopped and the roll was not removed. After deciphering the second recorder, many questions remain, "Smirnov noted.
The fact that the pilots could determine the position of the aircraft using other instruments is also said by a member of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on the development of general aviation, Honored Pilot of Russia Yuri Sytnik. He believes that the pilots in this situation could have avoided a collision with the ground.
- The moment of the fall of the An-148
“In addition to speed indicators, there are artificial horizons, there is a pitch angle, there is an alpha angle, there is an engine operating mode that corresponds to horizontal flight, climb ... If you saw that you have problems with speed, it is clear that the sensors are frozen! Turn on the heating, after 30-40 seconds they will warm up and everything will be fine, ”the expert explained to RT.
He noted that all the other electrical appliances in the cockpit were working.
“By other instruments, it was possible to determine the position of the aircraft, and not recklessly throw it down at an angle of 30 degrees and fly to the very ground without seeing the horizon. That is why they had a fight. The commander made a decision, and the co-pilot yelled at him that it was impossible to do this, there was no need to go down. Of course, there was panic in the cockpit, inarticulate screams when they realized that the ground was nearby, and the plane was heavy and had already picked up speed. They tried to level it right before the ground, but nothing happened, ”the pilot stated.
"Members of the An-148 crew were experienced pilots"
Meanwhile, the airline "Saratov Airlines" came out with a refutation of information about the unprofessionalism of the pilots of the plane crashed in the Moscow region.
“Today in the media rumors are circulating that the crew pilots allegedly did not have a professional education. It hurts us to read and see when human grief becomes the topic of yet another false "sensation," the air carrier said in a statement.
- The cockpit of the An-148 aircraft
- RIA News
- Mikhail Fomichev
It is noted that the crew members of the crashed An-148 were experienced pilots.
Commander Valery Gubanov, who graduated from the Tambov Higher Military Aviation School, had a total flight time of 5099 hours. Second pilot Sergei Gambaryan, who received a diploma from the St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, had a total flight time of 812 hours. Before joining Saratov Airlines, Gubanov worked at Rossiya Airlines, Gambaryan at Angara.
“The pilots underwent all the necessary trainings, programs that help to respond to emergency situations in flight. All aircraft operating the flights are airworthy, this is confirmed by the results of maintenance, which the aircraft of the fleet undergo regularly in full compliance with the rules, "- noted in Saratov Airlines.
An-148 crash
Recall that Saratov Airlines, which was operating a flight on the Moscow - Orsk route, crashed 6 minutes after takeoff from Domodedovo airport. It fell at 11:27 am near the village of Stepanovskoye in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region. There were 71 people on board the aircraft: 65 passengers and 6 crew members. None of them survived.
Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the government to investigate the plane crash in the Moscow region.
To carry out investigative actions, the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) has formed a special commission. On the fact of the plane crash, a criminal case was initiated under Part 3 of Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ("Violation of traffic safety rules and air transport, entailed by negligence the death of two or more persons ").
The UK later reported that. The explosion and fire occurred only after the collision with the ground.
On February 12, a special commission of experts of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) began to decipher the flight recorders of the crashed airliner.
After decoding the data of the parametric recorder, the IAC came to the conclusion that the cause of the crash could be incorrect readings of the flight speed due to icing of the sensors.
“The preliminary analysis of the recorded information, as well as the analysis of similar cases that took place in the past, suggest that incorrect flight speed data on the pilots' indicators could become a factor in the development of a special situation in flight, which, in turn, was apparently associated with icing. PPD (total pressure receivers. - RT) when their heating systems are off, ”the committee said.
The conclusion that the heating of the receivers was turned off during takeoff, the experts were able to make thanks to the records preserved on the device from the previous 15 flights. Before the catastrophe on February 11, the heating of the sensors was always turned on.
On February 15, the IAC reported that the analysis of the data of the speech recorder confirmed the information of the parametric recorder.
“Decryption and preliminary analysis of the recording confirmed the information registered by the parametric flight data recorder,” the specialists noted.
