We discussed something once and it turns out that many people did not know the exact number. Check yourself using the link earlier. And now about the seas.
When you see the seas on a map, you probably get the impression that they simply smoothly transform into each other and into the oceans. But in fact, the boundaries of the seas extend not only along the seabed. Different densities, salinity and temperatures lead to the fact that at the junction of the seas it is as if two walls are bumping into each other. In several places on Earth this is even visually noticeable!
The boundaries of the seas (or sea and ocean) are most clearly visible where a vertical halocline appears. What is this phenomenon?
Oceanic wedges are clear boundaries in the middle of the ocean between water masses with different physical and biological characteristics. There are several types of them. For example, thermoclines are boundaries between waters with a significant temperature difference. The largest and most obvious thermoclines are, of course, the boundaries between the North Atlantic waters and the warm Gulf Stream.
The most amazing ones are chemoclines, boundaries between waters with different microclimates and chemical compositions. Before the oil spill disaster, the most famous chemocline was the border of the famous Sargasso Sea. Now this chemocline has almost been covered with a copper basin; fish from the external oceans have burst into the original get-together and have ravaged the cozy sea.
And the most visually impressive, perhaps, are haloclines—barriers between waters with different degrees of salinity.
Jacques Cousteau discovered the same phenomenon while exploring the Strait of Gibraltar. Layers of water of different salinity seem to be separated by a film. Each layer has its own flora and fauna!
For a halocline to arise, one body of water must be five times saltier than another. In this case, physical laws will prevent the waters from mixing. Anyone can see a halocline in a glass by pouring a layer of fresh water and a layer of salt water into it.
Now imagine a vertical halocline that occurs when two seas collide, one of which has a salt percentage five times higher than the other. The border will be vertical.
To see this phenomenon with your own eyes, go to the Danish city of Skagen. This is where you will see the place where the North Sea meets the Baltic Sea. At the border of the watershed you can often observe even small waves with caps: these are waves of two seas bumping into each other.
The watershed boundary is so prominent for several reasons:
The Baltic Sea is much inferior in salinity to the North Sea, their density is different;
- the meeting of the seas occurs in a small area and, moreover, in shallow water, which complicates the mixing of waters;
- The Baltic Sea is tidal, its waters practically do not extend beyond the basin.
But, despite the spectacular border of these two seas, their waters gradually mix. This is the only reason why the Baltic Sea has at least a little salinity. If it were not for the influx of salty currents from the North Sea through this narrow meeting point, the Baltic would generally be a huge freshwater lake.
A similar effect can be seen in southwest Alaska. There the Pacific Ocean meets the waters of the Gulf of Alaska. They also cannot mix right away, and not only because of the difference in salinity. The ocean and the bay have different water compositions. The effect is very colorful: the waters vary greatly in color. The Pacific Ocean is darker, and the glacier-fed Gulf of Alaska is light turquoise.
Visual boundaries of water basins can be seen on the border of the White and Barents seas, in the Bab el-Mandeb and Gibraltar straits. In other places, water boundaries also exist, but they are smoother and not noticeable to the eye, since the mixing of waters occurs more intensely. And yet, while vacationing in Greece, Cyprus and some other island resorts, it is easy to notice that the sea on one side of the island behaves completely differently than the sea washing the opposite shore.
So, once again the most spectacular merge points:
1. North Sea and Baltic Sea
The meeting point of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea near Skagen, Denmark. Water does not mix due to different densities.
2. Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean
Meeting point Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Strait of Gibraltar. Water does not mix due to differences in density and salinity.
3. Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean
Meeting point Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Antilles region.
The meeting place of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean on the island of Eleuthera, Bahamas. On the left is the Caribbean Sea (turquoise water), on the right is the Atlantic Ocean (blue water).
4. Suriname River and Atlantic Ocean
The meeting point of the Suriname River and the Atlantic Ocean in South America.
5. Uruguay River and its tributary
The confluence of the Uruguay River and its tributary in the province of Misiones, Argentina. One of them is cleared for needs Agriculture, the other becomes almost red with clay during the rainy season.
6. Rio Negro and Solimões (Amazon section)
Six miles from Manaus in Brazil, the Rio Negro and Solimões rivers join but do not mix for 4 kilometers. Rio Negro has dark water, while Solimões has light water. This phenomenon is explained by differences in temperature and flow speed. The Rio Negro flows at a speed of 2 km/h and a temperature of 28 degrees Celsius, and the Solimoes at a speed of 4 to 6 km/h and a temperature of 22 degrees Celsius.
7. Moselle and Rhine
The confluence of the Moselle and Rhine rivers in Koblenz, Germany. The Rhine is lighter, the Moselle is darker.
8. Ilts, Danube and Inn
The confluence of the three rivers Ilz, Danube and Inn in Passau, Germany. Ilts is a small mountain river (in the 3rd photo in the lower left corner), the Danube in the middle and the light-colored Inn. Although the Inn is wider and deeper than the Danube at its confluence, it is considered a tributary.
9. Alaknanda and Bhagirathi
The confluence of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers in Devaprayag, India. Alaknanda is dark, Bhagirathi is light.
10. Irtysh and Ulba
The confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba rivers in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan. The Irtysh is clean, the Ulba is muddy.
11. Jialing and Yangtze
The confluence of the Jialing and Yangtze rivers in Chongqing, China. The Jialing River stretches for 119 km. In the city of Chongqing it flows into the Yangtze River. Clear waters Jialing meets the brown waters of the Yangtze.
12. Irtysh and Om
The confluence of the Irtysh and Om rivers in Omsk, Russia. The Irtysh is muddy, the Om is transparent.
13. Irtysh and Tobol
The confluence of the Irtysh and Tobol rivers near Tobolsk, Tyumen region, Russia. The Irtysh is light, muddy, the Tobol is dark, transparent.
14. Chuya and Katun
The confluence of the Chuya and Katun rivers in the Ongudai region of the Altai Republic, Russia. The water of the Chuya in this place (after confluence with the Chaganuzun River) acquires an unusual cloudy white lead color and seems dense and dense. Katun is clean and turquoise. Combining together, they form a single two-color stream with a clear boundary and flow for some time without mixing.
15. Green and Colorado
Confluence of the Green and Colorado Rivers in national park Canyonlands, Utah, USA. Green is green and Colorado is brown. The beds of these rivers run through rocks of different composition, which is why the colors of the water are so contrasting.
16. Rona and Arv
The confluence of the Rhone and Arve rivers in Geneva, Switzerland. The river on the left is the clear Rhône, which emerges from Lake Leman. The river on the right is the muddy Arve, which is fed by the many glaciers of the Chamonix valley.
Haloclines are common in water-filled caves near the ocean. Less dense fresh water from the ground forms a layer above the salt water from the ocean. For underwater cavers, this can cause an optical illusion of air space in caves. Swimming through the halocline causes disturbance and mixing of the layers.
The halocline can be easily reproduced and observed in a glass or other transparent vessel. If fresh water is slowly poured over salt water, preventing mixing (for example, using a spoon held horizontally at the water level), the halocline will be visible to the eye. This is a result of the fact that salt and fresh water have different refractive indexes.
Here's more details and what it is
Two seas that do not mix are described in the Koran!
[youtu.be/wsvGTjrDHoQ]
While exploring the expanses of water in the Strait of Gibraltar, Jacques Cousteau discovered an amazing fact, not explained by science: the existence of two water columns that do not mix with each other. They seem to be separated by a film and have a clear boundary between them. Each of them has its own temperature, its own salt composition, animal and vegetable world. These are the waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean touching each other in the Strait of Gibraltar.
“In 1962,” says Jacques Cousteau, “German scientists discovered that in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, where the waters of the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea meet, the waters of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean don't mix. Following the example of our colleagues, we began to find out whether the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea mix. First we examined the water of the Mediterranean Sea - its natural level of salinity, density and the life forms inherent in it. We did the same in Atlantic Ocean. These two masses of water have been meeting in the Strait of Gibraltar for thousands of years and it would be logical to assume that these two huge water masses should have mixed long ago - their salinity and density should have become the same, or at least similar. But even in the places where they converge closest, each of them retains its properties. In other words, at the confluence of two masses of water, the water curtain did not allow them to mix.”
Upon discovering this obvious and incredible fact the scientist was extremely surprised. “For a long time I rested on the laurels of this amazing phenomenon, inexplicable by the laws of physics and chemistry,” writes Cousteau. But the scientist experienced even greater surprise and admiration when he learned that this was written about in the Koran 1,400 years ago. He learned about this from Dr. Maurice Bucaille, a Frenchman who converted to Islam. “When I told him about my discovery, he skeptically told me that this was said in the Koran 1400 years ago.
It was like a bolt from the blue for me. And indeed, this is how it turned out when I looked at the translations of the Koran. Then I exclaimed: “I swear that this Koran, from which modern science lags behind by 1400 years, cannot be the speech of man. This is the true speech of the Almighty.”
After that, I accepted Islam and every day I was amazed at the truth, justice, ease, and usefulness of this religion. I am eternally grateful that He opened my eyes to the Truth,” Cousteau further writes.
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September 29 – World Maritime Day is one of the international holidays in the United Nations system. This day has been celebrated since 1978 by decision of the 10th session of the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Maritime Organization (Intergovernmental Maritime Organization).
The seas and oceans contain many secrets that have yet to be discovered by humanity. Some of them, discovered relatively recently, will be discussed in this material.
According to modern research, in places where two different seas collide, there is a natural barrier between them. This barrier separates both seas, and therefore each of them has its own water temperature, salinity and density (1) . For example, the water of the Mediterranean Sea is warmer, saltier and less dense than the water of the Atlantic Ocean. When water from the Mediterranean Sea flows through the Gibraltar Ridge into the Atlantic Ocean, it travels over a distance of several hundred kilometers and to a depth of about 1,000 meters, maintaining its higher temperature, salinity and lower density. And at this depth, the water of the Mediterranean Sea continues to retain its properties (2) .
Despite strong waves, powerful currents, ebbs and flows, these seas do not mix and do not cross this natural barrier, thanks to surface tension. The reason for surface tension is different degrees of density sea water. It turns out that there is an invisible water wall separating the waters.
The Holy Qur'an mentions a barrier between two seas, ready to meet, which, however, do not merge with each other. The Almighty speaks about it this way in the Koran (meaning):
“He separated the two seas, ready to meet each other. He erected a barrier between them so that they would not merge.” (Sura Ar-Rahman, verses 19-20).
The Koran also talks about the separation of fresh and salt water, the existence of an “insurmountable zone of separation” and a barrier between them. The Creator says in the Quran (meaning):
“He is the one who divided water into two types, one is fresh and suitable for drinking, the other is salty and bitter. And He established a barrier between them and an insurmountable border." (Surah Al-Furqan, verse 53)
One might ask why the Quran talks about the existence of an “impenetrable partition” when it comes to the separation of fresh and salt water, but does not mention this when it talks about the separation of the two seas?
Modern science shows that at the mouths of rivers, where fresh and salt water merge, the situation is somewhat different from that observed at the confluence of two seas. Modern science has established that in estuaries where salt and fresh water meet, there is “a zone of separation with a pronounced discontinuous change in density that separates the two water masses.” (3) . The water in this dividing zone differs in salt content from both fresh and salt water (4) .
These discoveries were made relatively recently using the most modern equipment to measure water temperature, salinity, density, oxygen saturation, etc. The human eye is unable to distinguish between two merging seas. Rather, on the contrary, they appear to us as a homogeneous sea. Likewise, the human eye is unable to see the division of water in estuaries into three types: fresh water, salt water and water in the watershed area.
(1) Principles of Oceanography, Davis, pp. 92-93.
(2) Principles of Oceanography, Davis, p. 93.
(3) Oceanography, Gross, p. 242. See also Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp. 300-301.
(4) Oceanography, Gross, p. 244, and Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp. 300-301.
Not so much a rare event- visible boundary between connected bodies of water: two seas, sea and ocean, river and tributary, etc. And yet, it always looks so unusual that you can’t help but wonder: why don’t their waters mix?
1. North Sea and Baltic Sea
The meeting point of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea near Skagen, Denmark. Water does not mix due to different densities.
2. Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean
3. Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean
The meeting point of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Antilles region.
The meeting place of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean on the island of Eleuthera, Bahamas. On the left is the Caribbean Sea (turquoise water), on the right is the Atlantic Ocean (blue water).
4. Suriname River and Atlantic Ocean
The meeting point of the Suriname River and the Atlantic Ocean in South America.
5. Uruguay River and its tributary
The confluence of the Uruguay River and its tributary in the province of Misiones, Argentina. One of them is cleared for agricultural needs, the other becomes almost red with clay during the rainy season.
6. Rio Negro and Solimões (Amazon section)
7. Moselle and Rhine
The confluence of the Moselle and Rhine rivers in Koblenz, Germany. The Rhine is lighter, the Moselle is darker.
8. Ilts, Danube and Inn
The confluence of the three rivers Ilz, Danube and Inn in Passau, Germany. Ilts is a small mountain river (in the 3rd photo in the lower left corner), the Danube in the middle and the Inn of a light color. Although the Inn is wider and deeper than the Danube at its confluence, it is considered a tributary.
9. Alaknanda and Bhagirathi
The confluence of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers in Devaprayag, India. Alaknanda is dark, Bhagirathi is light.
10. Irtysh and Ulba
The confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba rivers in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan. The Irtysh is clean, the Ulba is muddy.
11. Jialing and Yangtze
The confluence of the Jialing and Yangtze rivers in Chongqing, China. The Jialing River stretches for 119 km. In the city of Chongqing it flows into the Yangtze River. The clear waters of Jialing meet the brown waters of the Yangtze.
12. Irtysh and Om
The confluence of the Irtysh and Om rivers in Omsk, Russia. The Irtysh is muddy, the Om is transparent.
13. Irtysh and Tobol
The confluence of the Irtysh and Tobol rivers near Tobolsk, Tyumen region, Russia. The Irtysh is light, muddy, the Tobol is dark, transparent.
14. Chuya and Katun
The confluence of the Chuya and Katun rivers in the Ongudai region of the Altai Republic, Russia. The water of the Chuya in this place (after confluence with the Chaganuzun River) acquires an unusual cloudy white lead color and seems dense and dense. Katun is clean and turquoise. Combining together, they form a single two-color stream with a clear boundary and flow for some time without mixing.
15. Green and Colorado
Confluence of the Green and Colorado Rivers in Canyonlands National Park, Utah, USA. Green is green and Colorado is brown. The beds of these rivers run through rocks of different composition, which is why the colors of the water are so contrasting.
16. Rona and Arv
The confluence of the Rhone and Arve rivers in Geneva, Switzerland. The river on the left is the transparent Rhône, which emerges from Lake Leman. The river on the right is the muddy Arve, which is fed by the many glaciers of the Chamonix valley.
Miracle of the Qur'an: the seas that do not mix
Sura 55 "The Merciful":
19. He mixed the two seas that meet each other.
20. There is a barrier between them that they cannot cross.
Sura 25 "Discrimination":
53. He is the One Who mixed two seas (types of water): one is pleasant, fresh, and the other is salty, bitter. He placed a barrier and an insurmountable obstacle between them.
While exploring the expanses of water in the Strait of Gibraltar, Jacques Cousteau discovered an amazing fact, not explained by science: the existence of two water columns that do not mix with each other. They seem to be separated by a film and have a clear boundary between them. Each of them has its own temperature, its own salt composition, flora and fauna. These are the waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean touching each other in the Strait of Gibraltar.
“In 1962,” says Jacques Cousteau, “German scientists discovered that in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, where the waters of the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea converge, the waters of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean do not mix. Following the example of our colleagues, we began to find out whether the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea mix. First we examined the water of the Mediterranean Sea - its natural level of salinity, density and the life forms inherent in it. We did the same thing in the Atlantic Ocean. These two masses of water have been meeting in the Strait of Gibraltar for thousands of years and it would be logical to assume that these two huge water masses should have mixed long ago - their salinity and density should have become the same, or at least similar. But even in the places where they converge closest, each of them retains its properties. In other words, at the confluence of two masses of water, the water curtain did not allow them to mix.”
When he discovered this obvious and incredible fact, the scientist was extremely surprised. “For a long time I rested on the laurels of this amazing phenomenon, inexplicable by the laws of physics and chemistry,” writes Cousteau.
But the scientist experienced even greater surprise and admiration when he learned that this was written about in the Koran 1,400 years ago. He learned about this from Dr. Maurice Bucaille, a Frenchman who converted to Islam.
“When I told him about my discovery, he skeptically told me that this was said in the Koran 1400 years ago. It was like a bolt from the blue for me. And indeed, this is how it turned out when I looked at the translations of the Koran. Then I exclaimed: “I swear that this Koran, from which modern science lags behind by 1400 years, cannot be the speech of man. This is the true speech of the Almighty.” After that, I accepted Islam and every day I was amazed at the truth, justice, ease, and usefulness of this religion. I am eternally grateful that He opened my eyes to the Truth,” Cousteau further writes.
