Social sector
In the field of education there are 12 schools, 2 vocational schools and 3 higher educational institutions, including: a branch Transnistrian State University named after. T. G. Shevchenko, a branch of the North-Western Correspondence Technical University in St. Petersburg and the Consultation Center of the Tiraspol branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law.
The development of physical culture and sports is ensured by 4 children's and youth sports schools, 150 sports facilities, including 37 gyms, 2 swimming pools and 92 flat sports facilities.
Three Russian-language city newspapers are published in Rybnitsa - the official "Novosti" (circulation 2,500 copies), independent "Good Day" and "Good Evening" (circulation - 6,500 copies each). The republican newspaper “Gomin” is published here in Ukrainian (circulation - 2,000 copies).
There are 2 hotels in the city: “Tiras” with 250 beds and “Metallurg” with 50 beds, many restaurants and cafes. In the lower part of the city on the banks of the Dniester there is a sanatorium-preventorium MMZ.
Memorial of Military Glory. In the background on the right is St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral
In 1975, the 24-meter-high Military Glory Memorial was built (designed by V. Mednek). Two paired reinforced concrete pylons are lined with white marble; at the foot, the names of the liberators of the city and region are carved on 12 granite slabs (restored in 2010). In the prisoner of war camp, the Nazis killed 2,700 Soviet soldiers, in May-June 1943, about 3,000 Ukrainian Rybnitsa residents were evicted near Ochakov, about 3,000 people died of typhus in the Jewish ghetto and 3,650 Rybnitsa residents fell on the fronts of the Second World War - such were the losses of the small Transnistrian city.
St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral
The main current attraction of the city is St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral - the largest in Transnistria And Moldova, it took about 15 years to build and opened on November 21, 2006. The bells are placed on the third tier, in the center there is a large “Blagovest” bell weighing 100 pounds, around it there are 10 more bells, the smallest of which weighs only 4 kg. The bells for the cathedral belfry were cast at the Moscow joint-stock company "Litex".
In addition to the Archangel Michael Cathedral itself, which can simultaneously accommodate about 2 thousand parishioners, a large, 3-story parish house will be built on the territory of the temple complex, which will house a library, a dining room, a parish school and the rector’s chambers.
Nearby attractions
Customs post on the bridge over the Dniester between Rybnitsa and Rezina
Kalaur Gorge in Rashkovo
After the victory of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd on the Sinyukha River, Podolia was given to his nephew Fedor Koriatovich. He ordered the construction of the Kalaur castle over the narrow gorge around the bend of the river, on the border of Lithuania and Moldova, which was completely ready by the end of the 14th century. During the marriage of B. Khmelnitsky's son, Timosh, and the daughter of the Moldavian ruler V. Lupu, Ruksanda, the newlyweds received this castle as a gift from B. Khmelnitsky, but, unfortunately, it has not survived to this day. The ancient church of St. will tell us about the Polish presence. Cayetana in Rashkov, built in 1749 (Baroque) by the Polish magnate Stanislaw Lubomirski (1704-93). The two towers are decorated with pilasters of the Ionic and Tuscan order. Art. Since 1764, Lubomirski became the voivode of Bratslav, his residence was Szargorod, but many palaces belonged to the Lubomirskis throughout Poland (Warsaw, Rzeszow, Przemysl). The treasures of Tatar silver and Swedish coins found here, as well as the ruins of a huge synagogue with a secret staircase in the wall, tell about the former glory of Rashkov in the Middle Ages.
Nature reserve and Trinity Monastery in Saharna
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| Memorial to those killed during the Great Patriotic War | View of Rybnitsa (to the Valchenko microdistrict) | Residential buildings |
Personalities
- Rybnitsa Rebbe Chaim Zanvl (Abramovich), Hasidic tzaddik, rabbi Rybnitsa
- Meir Argov (Grabovsky) , Israeli politician, one of the 37 signers of the country's Declaration of Independence
- Pavel Zaltsman, film artist, painter, writer; Between 1917 and 1925 he lived intermittently in Rybnitsa
- David Zelvensky, military historian
- Yitzhak Yitzhaki (Lishovsky) , Israeli socialist politician, deputy Knesset
- Valery Kabak , Professor Balti State University named after. Alec Russo
- Victor Komlyakov, Moldovan chess player, grandmaster
- Alexander Marcus, Moldovan mathematician
- Israel Feldman, Moldovan mathematician
- Semyon Shvartsburd, Soviet mathematician-teacher, creator of specialized physics and mathematics schools
Twin Cities
Notes
Topographic maps
- Map sheet L-35-10 Rybnitsa. Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the area in 1986. 1988 edition
- Map sheet L-35-11 Slobodka. Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the area in 1984. 1987 edition
Links
- Official website of the Rybnitsa city and district Council of People's Deputies
- Official website of the State Administration of the city of Rybnitsa and Rybnitsa region
- Website of the Rybnitsa branch of the Pridnestrovian State University. T. G. Shevchenko
| Cities of Moldova | ||
|---|---|---|
| Balti | Bendery 1 | Bessarabka | Biruinets | Brichani | Bykovets | Vadul lui Voda | Vatra | Vulcanesti | Ghindesti | Glodeni | Grigoriopol 1 | Dnestrovsk 1 | Donduseni | Drochia | Dubossary 1 | Durlesti | Edinet | Cahul | Cainara | Calarasi | Kamenka 1 | Cantemir | Causeni | Kishinev | Codru | Comrat | Costesti | Red 1 | Cricova | Criuleni | Cornesti | Kupcin | Leova | Lipcani | Marculesti | Lighthouse 1 | Nisporeni | Novotiraspolsky 1 | New Aneny | Ocnita | Orhei | Otachi | Rubber | Riscani | Rybnitsa 1 | Slobodzeya 1 | Magpie | Straseni | Singera | Singerei | Taraclia | Telenesti | Tiraspol 1 | Ungheni | Falesti | Floresti | Frunze | Hincesti | Ceadir-Lunga | Cimislia| Soldanesti | Stefan Voda | Ialoveni | Yargara | ||
| 1 settlement is controlled unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. | ||
| Cities of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tiraspol | Bendery | Grigoriopol | Dnestrovsk | Dubossary | Kamenka | Rybnitsa | Slobodzeya | ||
In September I went to Transnistria. Having looked at the posts about cities, I did not find any mention of Rybnitsa. After taking a photo for the report, I corrected the omission. Meet the northern capital of Transnistria - Rybnitsa.
Rybnitsa is a city in the north of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic. The administrative center of the Rybnitsa region of the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldavian Republic. From Rybnitsa to the capital of Transnistria - Tiraspol - 120 km. To the capital of Moldova - Chisinau - 160.
According to the latest data, about 50 thousand people live in the city (2010 data).
The first information about a settlement in the city dates back to the first half of the 15th century, 1628. There are several versions about the origin of the city's name. According to one of them, it comes from the name of the river of the same name, Sukhaya Rybnitsa, at the mouth of which, at the confluence with the Dniester, the settlement was founded. According to the second, it is named after the boyar Rydvan, who, having risen to the rank of colonel among the Turks, “remembering the fat pork of his places” - decides to flee to the left bank of the Dniester, under the arm of the Polish king. Soon a wooden fortress is erected and a settlement called Rydvanets arises. This fact is mentioned in the book of the Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi, who visited these parts with an army in 1656 - 1657.
In 1924, Rybnitsa became an urban-type settlement and a regional center of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1926, 9.4 thousand inhabitants lived in the city (38.0% Jews, 33.8% Ukrainians, 16.0% Moldovans). In 1938, Rybnitsa acquired the status of a city.
In 1941-42, the remaining Jewish population of Rybnitsa was brutally tortured by the Romanian and German occupiers. A memorial sign was erected at the site of the execution of 500 Rybnitsa residents.
Rybnitsa has an advantageous transport and geographical location. The city is located on the left bank of the Dniester and is separated from the river by a concrete dam. There is a large reservoir near the city.
In the field of education, there are 12 schools, 2 vocational schools and 3 higher educational institutions, including: a branch of the Pridnestrovian State University named after. T. G. Shevchenko, branch of the North-Western Correspondence Technical University in St. Petersburg and Consultation Center of the Tiraspol branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law.
Rybnitsa Russian Gymnasium No. 1
Branch of the Pridnestrovian State University.
In 1975, the 24-meter-high Military Glory Memorial was built (designed by V. Mednek). Two paired reinforced concrete pylons are lined with white marble; at the foot, the names of the liberators of the city and region are carved on 12 granite slabs (restored in 2010).
Memorial to those who fell for the independence of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
On September 2, the Republic celebrated the 20th anniversary of independence. That’s 20 years of unrecognized status.
The main current attraction of the city is the St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral - the largest in Transnistria and Moldova, it took about 15 years to build and was opened on November 21, 2006.
The building of the administration of Rybnitsa and Rybnitsa district.
View of the central square of the city.
The city is very green. In 2000, there was icing in Transnistria. The city remained without electricity and water for 2 weeks. The city has lost 30% of green spaces. After 10 years, the vegetation increased.
The building of the local history museum.
A sparse cobbled street. Rarity!
The building of the former cinema "Mir"
The fountain is a meeting place for Rybnitsa residents in the central park.
Since I found the Day of Knowledge on September 1, I will show those who acquire this knowledge.
There are several residential neighborhoods in the city. One of them is the Yuzhny microdistrict.
Microdistrict "Valchenko". In the distance is already Moldova.
In the background of this photo is the building of the giant Moldavian Metallurgical Plant.
In the modern world there are quite a few unrecognized or partially recognized Transnistria. It is a tiny country of uncertain status, located in the south-eastern part of Europe. This article will help you find out which cities belong to Transnistria, and will also tell you a lot of interesting information about them.
Transnistria: a short essay on an unrecognized state
Transnistria (officially abbreviated as PMR) is a narrow strip of land between the Dniester and the territory of Ukraine. De jure these territories belong to Moldova. De facto, there is a self-governing republic here, but not recognized by the world community, which declared its independence in 1990. Today, the situation with the Transnistrian region is classified in European politics as a “frozen conflict.”
The area of modern Transnistria is tiny even compared to miniature Moldova (just over 4,000 sq. km). About 500 thousand people live within the republic (of this number, approximately 70% live in cities). The ethnic structure of the population is dominated by three peoples: Moldovans, Ukrainians and Russians.
The PMR inherited a number of large industrial enterprises from the Soviet economy. Among them are the Moldavian State District Power Plant, metallurgical and textile plants, and a cognac factory. Large cities of Transnistria actively trade with the European Union. True, all products produced in the republic are marked with the Made in Moldova mark.
In conclusion of our short story about Transnistria, some interesting facts about this territorial entity:
- The PMR is the only country in the world whose flag and coat of arms depict the main Soviet attributes (sickle, hammer and five-pointed star);
- in Transnistria there are embassies of two other unrecognized states - Abkhazia and South Ossetia;
- the cities of Transnistria are distinguished by their neatness, well-groomedness and cleanliness, which is often compared with that of Belarus;
- in the Transnistrian city of Bendery, another Ukrainian hetman died here in 1710, presented to the public the first constitution in Europe;
- the two largest cities of the republic (Bendery and Tiraspol) are connected by one of the few intercity trolleybus lines in Europe with a length of 13 kilometers;
- there are offices of the United Russia political party in Transnistria;
- The Transnistrian ruble in 2012-2015 was recognized as the strongest currency in the post-Soviet space.
The story of one war
The collapse of the USSR intensified separatist movements and with renewed vigor ignited a number of conflicts in different parts of the vast empire. One of these hot spots was the left bank of the Dniester.
In the early 1990s, the conflict between the newly created Moldovan authorities and the Transnistrian nomenklatura elite intensified significantly. The Pridnestrovians did not want to be part of Moldova, fearing rapprochement with Romania.
The conflict entered the phase of open military confrontation in the spring of 1992. In March, Moldova decided to restore its power over the rebellious left bank of the Dniester by force. However, units of the 14th Russian Army, as well as guardsmen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, took the side of the Pridnestrovians. Therefore, the Moldovans failed to establish control over Transnistria, and the Dniester River very quickly turned into a front line.
The culmination of this war was the battle for the city of Bendery. In July 1992, armed detachments of Transnistrian troops, supported by Russian tanks, crossed the Dniester and gained a foothold in Bendery. A real massacre began on the streets of the city, claiming the lives of 600 people. After this battle, the parties began to look for ways to peacefully resolve the conflict and finally signed a peace agreement in Moscow.
Overall, about 1,200 people died in the Transnistrian conflict.
Cities of Transnistria
Administratively, the territory of the PMR is divided into 5 districts. There are 8 cities within the unrecognized state (they are listed from north to south):
- Kamenka;
- Rybnitsa;
- Dubossary;
- Grigoriopol;
- capital Tiraspol;
- Bendery;
- Slobodzeya;
- border city of Dnestrovsk.
Transnistria also has a number of disputed territories and territories with dual status. These include several villages (Koshnitsa, Pyryta, Dorotskoye, etc.), the Varnitsa microdistrict in Bendery and the village of Korzhevo in Dubossary.
Almost the capital - the city of Tiraspol
Transnistria, like any other country in the world, has its own capital. This is the city of Tiraspol. Although it is very difficult for a person from the post-Soviet space to imagine a capital with a population of 130 thousand people. Nevertheless, the “metropolitan character” is felt here. The quiet, provincial streets of Tiraspol are distinguished by a certain solidity, and in the massive public buildings one can feel the “spirit of power,” although not recognized by anyone.
The government and parliament of the PMR are located in Tiraspol. In addition, the city is an important historical and cultural center not only of Transnistria, but also of the whole of Moldova.
The name Tiraspol is translated from Greek very simply and clearly - “city on the Dniester”. It is indeed located on the left bank of the largest Eastern European river, just six kilometers from the border with Ukraine. The city was founded in 1792. It was at this time that, by order of Suvorov, the construction of a fortress began here. In 1806, Tiraspol became a district center within the Kherson province, and between the two world wars it managed to become the center of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Modern Tiraspol is quite pleasant. Its center is clean, tidy, wide sidewalks, neat flower beds and a large number of rare (Soviet) artifacts.
There are few tourist attractions in the capital of the PMR. These include the old fortress (late 18th century), the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ (2000), and the chic and pompous House of Soviets, built in the 50s. In addition, tourists in Tiraspol love to visit the modern sports complex “Sheriff”, which occupies a huge area of 65 hectares.
Bendery is the most tourist city in Transnistria
Very few cities in Transnistria can boast of constant visits from tourists from near and far abroad. Bendery is one of them. If travelers decide to go to the PMR, then they definitely stop by this city.
The city of Bendery is the second largest and most populous in the republic. And the first in the number of historical and architectural monuments. Many beautiful buildings from the 19th and 20th centuries have been preserved in the city center. But the main tourist attraction in Bendery is the ancient and perfectly preserved Turkish fortress. By the way, part of the citadel is still occupied by an active military unit.
Along with traditional architectural monuments, there are quite a lot of “monuments” of the 1992 war in Bendery. For example, they decided not to restore the walls of the city hall, damaged by shell fragments. Traces of the war can still be seen on its facades today.
Rybnitsa - industrial center of Transnistria
In the north of the unrecognized country, surrounded by the picturesque hills of the Podolsk Upland, lies the city of Rybnitsa. Transnistria owes much of its powerful industrial complex to this city. Rybnitsa provides about half of the revenues to the PMR budget, as well as about 60% of the republic’s exports. There are over 400 different enterprises operating here.
From a tourism point of view, the city is not very remarkable. Among the local attractions are the large-scale Victory Memorial, the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (the largest in the PMR), as well as a magnificent (in terms of historical value) cemetery. Another highlight of Rybnitsa is the abandoned cable car (for industrial purposes), spectacularly hovering over the Dniester.
Kamenka - the resort pearl of Transnistria
If the title of tourist mecca of the republic rightfully belongs to Bendery, then the city of Kamenka can safely be called the “recreational capital” of the unrecognized state. Transnistria really can boast of a pretty good resort, which has been known since the 1870s. The city of Kamenka is located in the far north of the PMR, at the confluence of the river of the same name into the Dniester. Unique natural and climatic conditions have formed here: a rocky, almost mountainous ridge reliably shelters the city from cold winds, providing the Transnistrian resort with a long summer and a fairly mild winter.
Only 9 thousand people live in Kamenka. The foundation of the local economy is agriculture and resorts. The city has the most famous sanatorium in the republic, “Dniester”, designed for the simultaneous recovery of 450 people. Kamenka is also famous for its aromatic and very tasty grapes and, accordingly, excellent wine.
Dnestrovsk is the energy heart of the republic
The city of Dnestrovsk is located in the extreme south of the PMR, in close proximity to the Ukrainian border. This is where the largest power plant in the republic is located. The electricity generated here is even exported (to Moldova and Ukraine).
By chance, the Moldavian State District Power Plant was built in 1964 on the left bank of the river. If this had not happened, the economic independence of the unrecognized republic would now be in question. Today the city is home to about 10 thousand people. Most of the population of Dnestrovsk works at the local power plant.
The third largest (50 thousand inhabitants) and second most important city of Transnistria is Rybnitsa, 130 kilometers away from Tiraspol. Even historically: as already mentioned, the PMR consists of two halves - “Novorossiysk” and “Podolsk”, and if Tiraspol is the center of the first, then Rybnitsa is the second. Before the revolution, it was a large Jewish town in the Baltic district, since 1925 - a town, since 1938 - a city, but the turning point in the life of Rybnitsa was 1984, when the Moldavian Metallurgical Plant began operating. It is small, 5-10 times smaller than any of the main steel mills in Russia, but tiny Transnistria has enough: Rybnitsa accounts for 52% of budget revenues and 65% of the republic’s exports. There are other factories here, and interesting late-Soviet architecture - Rybnitsa is unlike other industrial giants. Special thanks to Alexander for the tour of Rybnitsa bes_arab , without which I would at most have walked a little in the center.
From the site we drove along the bypass road, stumbling upon such a strange monument somewhere on the outskirts, in a cottage community. Even an expert in Rybnitsa did not know who erected it and in honor of what. bes_arab . I didn’t know then, but now I know - UPD: " Dima Krivoruchenko, a racing driver, crashed at this place in 2008 (car racing at the airfield in Tiraspol is dedicated to his memory every year in May). His father promised to make something like a park in this place... Memorable and at the same time useful to the city, because... Previously, this place was an overgrown wasteland. Here I did it".
I don’t even know what is more puzzling - the angel on top or this composition 20-30 centimeters high. I have never seen anything like this before.
Behind us was the railway, along which a lineman walked, looking thoughtfully in our direction. We drove further along the bypass:
Because from the bypass road the MMZ is best visible:
The very phrase “Moldavian Metallurgical Plant” sounds like an oxymoron to me - well, something like the Norilsk Champagne Factory or the Pevek Riviera, if such existed. However, if he were in the Odessa or Vinnitsa region, he would not be at all surprised. Among the iron and steel plants of the Soviet Union, MMZ was one of the three “last waves” of the 1980s - together with the Belarusian Zhlobin and the Far Eastern Komsomolsk-on-Amur: electrometallurgical plants working on scrap metal were supposed to cover local needs, and Western Ukraine was also conveniently located between BMZ and MMZ , which does not have its own metallurgy. As already mentioned, the capacity of the Moldavian Metallurgical Plant is not that great - up to a million tons of steel per year, while, as follows from the official website of the plant, the figures vary greatly, up to 3.5 times, from year to year. Now the plant is in decline, and yet without it, Transnistria would hardly stay afloat. Externally, MMZ, as befits a metallurgical plant, is huge and gloomy.
At the factory headquarters building, popularly known as the Pentagon, we turned into the city. Half a kilometer from the metallurgical plant there is an elevator, and at its gate there are the ruins of a bunker:
As I understand it, this is a legacy of the 1930s, of everything that is called the “Stalin line” and is being intensively restored in Belarus and Ukraine. Moreover, he is not the only one in Rybnitsa:
The bunker is located on Kirova Street, which from here leads straight to the city center - although we initially planned to explore Rybnitsa on the way back, the cold and fog exhausted us very quickly, and we went to the center to look for a cafe. Victory Square with the administration (to the left of the frame, I didn’t even notice it), the House of Culture and Lenin. Lenin’s pose is somehow very cunning, he’s clearly planning something... Perhaps a revolution, perhaps?
DK has a very nice mosaic. All this is clearly from the 1960s, when the city took off with the construction of a cement plant:
At the beginning of the Walk of Fame is the double Marx Engels:
And the printing house building, according to Alexander, is pre-war, that is, constructivist. I would venture to guess that this is the administration of the then urban-type settlement of Rybnitsa from the late 1920s, most likely the oldest building in the city center:
And just in the paneled, thoroughly Brezhnev-esque Rybnitsa, this little area looks almost like a German Altstadt:
Also, according to Alexander, in this area there is the best sushi restaurant in all of Transnistria. And really, where else could he be, if not in a city with that name? And in principle, in the central part of Rybnitsa, it’s very cozy and nice, but they’ll still accuse me of slander for the photo of the industrial outskirts... However, in working-class cities it’s always like this - it’s impossible to write about them without offending at least half of the residents: If you show industrial and destroy - I denigrate, if you show civilized areas - I hush up, but if you show both, I denigrate and hush up at the same time (at the choice of each specific reader).
We drove along Kirov Street to the edge of the slope:
I think this is a magnificent triptych! The West, Russia and the Soviet Union on the same patch!
Below on the slope there is a stone on the site of the future memorial to the defenders of Transnistria. Valchenko's high-rise buildings against the background of mountains and, again, Rezina's high-rise buildings:
No one is forgotten in the church, nothing is forgotten in the cathedral:
In the courtyard of the church there are either just figurines of saints, or even a calvarium - a “model” of the way of the cross for Holy Week and religious processions:
According to Alexander, this is a church of some Protestant denomination, but it looks more like some kind of building attached to a church:
And you can film amazing scenes in the courtyard of the two temples. Let's say a cross and a star:
Two Saviors:
Crosses and antennas. The cross is, to some extent, also anenna:
Cross and plant. More precisely - the Transnistrian cross and the Moldavian plant, cement has been produced in Rezina since 1985:
From here, in several zigzags along impressive junctions, we drove down to Valchenko, almost immediately behind which is the station. As in Bendery, passenger trains do not run here - the station is the directorate and ticket office:
Although the railway has been here since 1893, it runs from west to east, that is, there is nowhere to go from here along the PMR, and the products of local factories are exported mainly in the direction of Russia and the Odessa port. That’s why the bridge to Rezina has not been working for many years - although it is guarded by machine gunners, Alexander did not advise stopping here:
We are already completely on the outskirts. The first city-forming enterprise of Rybnitsa was a sugar alcohol plant, founded in 1898 and which had the first power plant on the territory of Moldova and the PMR. I suspect that this is generally the oldest plant in Transnistria... but it has not been operating since 2003. Some of its workshops are pre-revolutionary and are the oldest buildings in Rybnitsa.
But that’s not why we stopped here - even from the bridge I noticed a cable car thrown across the Dniester, here known as the “industrial funicular”:
It once connected the Rezina quarries with the Rybnitsa cement plant and stretched for 3-4 kilometers. Such things are not uncommon in the world - using them to deliver raw materials from a quarry to a factory is much more profitable than using cars or wagons, and in foreign countries I have heard about cable cars tens of kilometers long. But I’ve only seen this once before: in Bashkiria, and that cable car was still working.
There is silence and oblivion here. Despite the fact that the cement plant is working properly, spewing dense white dust into the sky, the cable car was killed primarily by the collapse of Moldova into one and a half states:
In Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan there was once an international Sulukta narrow-gauge railway, and here there is an international industrial cable car. As you can see, there is another bunker near the water:
Surreal sight:
View of the Dniester from the bunker:
Already when I was leaving, I noticed that the same lineman was wandering dejectedly along the tracks...
And I apologize for the quality of the photos - the weather... But as soon as we left Rybnitsa, the clouds and fog parted and the bright Sun came out.
In the next part we go to Rashkovo - perhaps the most beautiful place in Transnistria.
Rybnitsa Rybnitsa, Rybnitsa Transnistria
Rybnitsa(Mold. Rîbniţa, Rybnitsa, Ukrainian Ribnitsa) is a city in Transnistria on the left bank of the Dniester River, 110 km from Chisinau and 120 km from Tiraspol. Railroad station. The administrative center of the Rybnitsa region of the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldavian Republic.
- 1. History
- 2 Economics
- 3 Population
- 4 Transport
- 5 Social sector
- 5.1 Nearby attractions
- 6 Personalities
- 7 Honorary citizens
- 8 Twin Cities
- 9 Notes
- 10 Topographic maps
- 11 Links
Story
The first information about settlement in the city dates back to the first half of the 15th century. One of the first mentions of Rybnitsa dates back to 1628, when it was marked as a settlement on the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. There are several versions about the origin of the city's name. According to one of them, it came from the name of the river of the same name, Sukhaya Rybnitsa, at the mouth of which, at the confluence with the Dniester, the settlement was founded. According to the second - named after the boyar Rydvan, who, having risen to the rank of colonel among the Turks, “remembering the fat pork of his places” - decides to flee to the left bank of the Dniester, under the arm of the Polish king. Soon a wooden fortress is erected and a settlement called Rydvanets arises. This fact is mentioned in the book of the Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi, who visited these parts with an army in 1656-1657.
Local residents raised fish in blocked reservoirs along the Rybnitsa River. One pond was located in the Pushkin area, the second was on Zarechnaya, and the third was in a recreation area. They took turns releasing water, collecting fish and selling it to visiting merchants. That’s how the merchants quietly renamed Rydvanets to Rybnitsa. This settlement was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
In 1793, as a result of the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, this territory was transferred to Russia, and from 1797 until the October Revolution, Rybnitsa was part of the Molokishsky volost of the Baltic district of the Podolsk province. At the end of the 19th century, a railway was built through the city. Since 1893, regular shipping has been established on the Dniester. In 1898, the first sugar factory in the Podolsk province was built with the first electric generating unit in the region.
In 1924, Rybnitsa became an urban-type settlement and a regional center of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1926, 9.4 thousand inhabitants lived in the city (38.0% - Jews, 33.8% - Ukrainians, 16.0% - Moldovans). In 1938, Rybnitsa acquired the status of a city. 1941-42, the remaining Jewish population of Rybnitsa was brutally tortured by the Romanian and German occupiers. A memorial sign was erected at the site of the execution of 500 Rybnitsa residents.
On December 19, 1962, the city of Rybnitsa was classified as a city of republican subordination of the Moldavian SSR. In 1991, the status was lost.
During the existence of the MSSR, the city operated plants: sugar-alcohol, wine-making, bakery, cement-slate, metallurgical, etc., factories: reinforced concrete structures and building parts, pumping, butter, etc., knitting and linen factory. The population in 1975 was 39.9 thousand inhabitants, and in 1991 - already 62.9 thousand people. By 2005, the population increased to 67.3 thousand people.
Economy
View of RybnitsaRybnitsa has an advantageous transport and geographical location. The city is located on the left bank of the Dniester and is separated from the river by a concrete dam. There is a large reservoir near the city. In the vicinity there are significant reserves of minerals - raw materials for the production of building materials.
Rybnitsa is a large manufacturing and industrial center. There are 408 enterprises operating in the city, of which 64 are state-owned, 43 are municipal, 254 are limited liability companies and private firms. The oldest (1898) sugar factory in Transnistria and Moldova is located here (although little remains of it, the sugar factory is in complete decline and has not been operating since 2003), a distillery, a metallurgical and cement-slate plant, two all-Union construction projects, a centrifugal pump plant . After the construction of the reservoir and the flooding of the lower part of the city, the center was redeveloped, and the city is now dominated by multi-story buildings. There is a pier and a railway station. A recreation area has been located near the reservoir since 1955.
Rybnitsa from the Rezina side. 2010
The Moldavian Metallurgical Plant was put into operation in 1985, now it produces 1 million tons of steel and 1 million rolled products per year, employing 3,000 people. The plant was awarded Diamond and Gold Stars for product quality. The plant's production volume is about 276 million dollars (52% of the total production volume of the PMR and 65% of exports), its share in the PMR budget is 15.5% (22.2 million dollars).
The production volume of all other enterprises in the city is about 10 million dollars, or together with MMZ - 286 million dollars (54% of PMR's production).
For comparison: Tiraspol - 177 million dollars (33.5%), Bendery - 43 million dollars (8%)
Population
The population of the city as of January 1, 2014 was 47,949 residents, in 2010 - 50.1 thousand people.
Ethnic composition of the city (according to the 2004 census):
| People | quantity, people |
% from Total |
% from indicating- shih |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainians | 24898 | 46,41 % | 50,10 % |
| Russians | 11738 | 21,88 % | 23,62 % |
| Moldovans | 11235 | 20,94 % | 22,61 % |
| Poles | 500 | 0,93 % | 1,01 % |
| Belarusians | 328 | 0,61 % | 0,66 % |
| Bulgarians | 220 | 0,41 % | 0,44 % |
| Jews | 166 | 0,31 % | 0,33 % |
| Germans | 106 | 0,20 % | 0,21 % |
| Gagauz | 96 | 0,18 % | 0,19 % |
| other | 571 | 1,06 % | 1,15 % |
| indicated | 49693 | 92,63 % | 100,00 % |
| not specified | 3955 | 7,37 % | |
| Total | 53648 | 100,00 % |
Transport
Bus stationThe main type of transport is automobile. There is also a railway.
There was a cargo cable car across the Dniester that connected Rybnitsa with the Moldovan village of Chorna. The road was dismantled in September 2014.
Social sector
In the field of education, there are 12 schools, 1 educational institution of primary and secondary vocational education (GOU SPO “Rybnitsa Polytechnic College”) and 3 higher educational institutions, including: a branch of the Pridnestrovian State University named after. T. G. Shevchenko, branch of the North-Western Correspondence Technical University in St. Petersburg (closed) and the Consultation Center of the Tiraspol branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law.
The development of physical culture and sports is ensured by 4 children's and youth sports schools, 150 sports facilities, including 37 gyms, 2 swimming pools and 92 flat sports facilities.
Three Russian-language city newspapers are published in Rybnitsa - the official "Novosti" (circulation 2,500 copies), independent "Good Day" and "Good Evening" (circulation - 6,500 copies each). The republican newspaper “Gomin” is published here in Ukrainian (circulation - 2,000 copies).
There are 2 hotels in the city: “Tiras” with 250 beds and “Metallurg” with 50 beds, many restaurants and cafes. in the lower part of the city on the banks of the Dniester there is a sanatorium-preventorium MMZ.
Memorial of Military Glory. In the background on the right is St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral
In 1975, the 24-meter-high Military Glory Memorial was built (designed by V. Mednek). Two paired reinforced concrete pylons are lined with white marble; at the foot, the names of the liberators of the city and region are carved on 12 granite slabs (restored in 2010). in the prisoner of war camp, the Nazis killed 2,700 Soviet soldiers, in May-June 1943, about 3,000 Ukrainian Rybnitsa residents were evicted near Ochakov, about 3,000 people died of typhus in the Jewish ghetto and more than 4,000 Rybnitsa residents fell on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War - such are the losses of the small Transnistrian town .
The main current attraction of the city is the St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral - the largest in Transnistria and Moldova, it took about 15 years to build and was opened on November 21, 2006. The bells are placed on the third tier, in the center there is a large “Blagovest” bell weighing 100 pounds, around it there are 10 more bells, the smallest of which weighs only 4 kg. The bells for the cathedral belfry were cast at the Moscow joint-stock company "Litex".
In addition to the Archangel Michael Cathedral itself, which can simultaneously accommodate about 2 thousand parishioners, a large, 3-story parish house will be built on the territory of the temple complex, which will house a library, a dining room, a parish school and the rector’s chambers.
Nearby attractions
Customs post on the bridge over the Dniester between Rybnitsa and Rezina Kalaur Gorge in RashkovoAfter the victory of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd on the Sinyukha River, Podolia was given to his nephew Fedor Koriatovich. He ordered the construction of the Kalaur castle over the narrow gorge around the bend of the river, on the border of Lithuania and Moldova, which was completely ready by the end of the 14th century. During the marriage of B. Khmelnitsky's son, Timosh, and the daughter of the Moldavian ruler V. Lupu, Ruksanda, the newlyweds received this castle as a gift from B. Khmelnitsky, but, unfortunately, it has not survived to this day. The ancient church of St. will tell us about the Polish presence. Cajetana in Raškov, built in 1749 (Baroque) by the Polish magnate Stanisław Lubomirski (1704-93). The two towers are decorated with pilasters of the Ionic and Tuscan order. Art. Since 1764, Lubomirski became the voivode of Bratslav, his residence was Szargorod, but many palaces belonged to the Lubomirskis throughout Poland (Warsaw, Rzeszow, Przemysl). The treasures of Tatar silver and Swedish coins found here, as well as the ruins of a huge synagogue with a secret staircase in the wall, tell about the former glory of Rashkov in the Middle Ages.
Nature reserve and Trinity Monastery in Saharna Main article: Saharna
The Saharna Nature Reserve is located on the right bank of the Dniester, 10 km from the city, includes a gorge 5 km long and 170 meters deep, many springs and a forest dominated by oak, hornbeam, and acacia with an area of 670 hectares. The Saharna stream forms 22 waterfalls along its path, the largest of which falls from a height of four meters. The steep slopes are cut by ravines, and in the early morning the gorge is shrouded in fog and, as legend says, a person can disappear in it forever...
Trinity Monastery (1776) is hidden in a gorge and is located, as it were, in a large shell. At the beginning of the 13th century, the Church of the Annunciation was carved into a 15-meter rock, in which hermit monks lived and now the relics of St. Macarius are located there. In the upper courtyard, the summer Trinity Church was built in 1821 - the interior has an impressive dome on a high drum, the interior space opens upward with great energy. And where the Virgin Mary’s foot once set foot, and her imprint remained, a chapel has now been built.
Assumption rock monastery in Tsypovo Main article: Tsypovo
Carved into a giant cliff, this is the most significant of the rock complexes, located 20 km south of Rybnitsa on the right bank of the Dniester. The middle part of the monastery was carved in the Middle Ages and had a system of protective passages; a narrow path over the abyss led to small cells, protecting the inhabitants from dashing strangers. The caves were cut down from trees growing nearby, and when the trees were cut down, entry into the caves was possible only by rope ladders, which were raised up in case of danger. At the end of the 18th century, the threat of raids had passed, the approaches were improved, the cells were expanded and a church building was created. “Entirely hidden in the rock, the monastery from the Dniester looks like a white massif of limestone in the middle of the mountain with dark window openings. It is different at different times of the day: it is unusually picturesque in the morning, when the facade, colored by the sunrise, echoes its counterpart in the river surface from a height of fifty meters. Graphically clearly depicted in the rays of the midday sun, marked by sharp shadows from overhanging blocks of stone. Poetic in the evening, when the mysteriously faded, barely visible on the shadowed mountain, along with it, an unclear reflection, falls into the waters of the Dniester.” (D. Goberman)
Personalities
- Rybnitsa Rebbe Chaim-Zanvl Abramovich, Hasidic tzaddik, rabbi of Rybnitsa.
- Meir Argov (Grabovsky), Israeli politician, one of the 37 signers of the country's Declaration of Independence.
- Pavel Yakovlevich Zaltsman, film artist, painter, writer; Between 1917 and 1925 he lived intermittently in Rybnitsa.
- David Aleksandrovich Zelvensky, military historian.
- Yitzhak Yitzhaki (Lishovsky), Israeli socialist politician, member of the Knesset.
- Valeriy Kabak, professor at Balti State University. Alec Russo.
- Victor Ivanovich Komlyakov, Moldavian chess player, grandmaster.
- Alexander Semenovich Marcus, Moldavian mathematician.
- Israel Aronovich Feldman, Moldovan mathematician.
- Semyon Isaakovich Shvartsburd, Soviet mathematician-teacher, creator of specialized physics and mathematics schools.
- Arnold Petrovich Shvartsman, Ukrainian Soviet mathematician, head of the department of theoretical mechanics of the hydraulic engineering faculty of the Odessa Institute of Marine Engineers, was born in 1903 in Rybnitsa.
Honorary citizens
According to the official website. Updated August 2, 2014- Babarykin, Viktor Nikolaevich
- Kamyshnikov, Pyotr Ivanovich
- Kozlova, Nadezhda Gerasimovna
- Fomin, Anatoly Pavlovich
- Yablonsky, Ivan Antonovich
- Bondarevskaya, Natalya Danilovna
- Broznitsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
- Klischevsky, Zakhar Avdeevich
- Korsak, Mikhail Mikhailovich
- Mamalyga, Ivan Alekseevich
- Marchenko, Nina Petrovna
- Popov, Nikodim Khrisantovich
- Shurpa, Andrey Avksentievich
- Chernenko, Ivan Petrovich
- Chebotar, Efim Karpovich
- Goncharuk, Boris Ivanovich
- Tereshin, Yuri Pavlovich
- Vlasyuk, Efim Alekseevich
- Belitchenko, Anatoly Konstantinovich
- Palagnyuk, Boris Timofeevich
- Gonchar, Vladimir Alexandrovich
- Klementyev, Vasily Alexandrovich
- Platonov, Yuri Mikhailovich
- Serdtsev, Nikolai Ivanovich
- Zheltov, Mikhail Mikhailovich
Twin Cities
- Vinnitsa (Ukraine)
- Golaya Pristan (Ukraine)
- Dmitrov (Russia)
Notes
- This settlement is located in the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. According to the administrative-territorial division of Moldova, most of the territory controlled by the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is part of Moldova as the administrative-territorial units of the left bank of the Dniester, the other part is part of Moldova as the municipality of Bendery. The declared territory of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, controlled by Moldova, is located on the territory of the Dubossary, Caushan and Novoanensky regions of Moldova. In fact, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is an unrecognized state, most of whose declared territory is not controlled by Moldova.
- 1 2 State Statistical Service of the PMR: Socio-economic development of the PMR for 2013 (final data)
- Decree of the President of the PMR No. 420 “On the appointment of the head of the state administration of the Rybnitsa region and the city of Rybnitsa”
- National composition of the population of the PMR according to the 2004 census
- Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the cable car in Rybnitsa
- Historical information (Russian). Retrieved May 29, 2013. Archived from the original on May 29, 2013.
Topographic maps
- Map sheet L-35-10. Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the area in 1986. 1988 edition
- Map sheet L-35-11 Slobodka. Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the area in 1984. 1987 edition
Links
- Official website of the Rybnitsa city and district Council of People's Deputies
- Official website of the State Administration of the city of Rybnitsa and Rybnitsa region
- Information and entertainment portal of the city of Rybnitsa
- Unofficial city website
- Website of the Rybnitsa branch of the Pridnestrovian State University. T. G. Shevchenko
- map of Rybnitsa and surroundings
- website of the cinema "Enigma" Rybnitsa
| Cities of Moldova | ||
|---|---|---|
| Balti | Bendery 1 | Bessarabka | Biruinets | Brichani | Bykovets | Vadul lui Voda | Vatra | Vulcanesti | Gindesti | Glodeni | Grigoriopol 1 | Dnestrovsk 1 | Donduseni | Drochia | Dubossary 1 | Durlesti | Edinet | Cahul | Cainara | Calarasi | Kamenka 1 | Cantemir | Causeni | Chisinau | Codru | Comrat | Costesti | Red 1 | Cricova | Criuleni | Cornesti | Kupcin | Leova | Lipcani | Marculesti | Lighthouse 1 | Nisporeni | Novotiraspolsky 1 | New Aneny | Ocnita | Orhei | Otach | Rubber | Riscani | 1 | Slobodzeya 1 | Magpies | Straseni | Singera | Singerei | Taraclia | Tvarditsa | Telenesti | Tiraspol 1 | Ungheni | Falesti | Floresti | Frunze | Hincesti | Ceadir-Lunga | Cimislia | Soldanesti | Stefan Voda | Ialoveni | Yargara | ||
| 1 The settlement is controlled by the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldavian Republic. | ||
| Settlements on the Dniester | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| *The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is an unrecognized state Bold cities are highlighted in font |
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