Andrianov Alexander
Presentation for a geography lesson
Download:
Preview:
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Presentation on the theme of the Baltic countries. The work was carried out by a 7th grade student of the Andreevsky branch of the Muchkap Secondary School Andrianov Alexander. Teacher Erokhin V.F.
Estonia S = 45,100 sq. km (134th place in the world) N = 1.517 million people (151st place in the world) August 6, 1940 – date of entry into the USSR On August 2, 1991, the independence of the Republic of Estonia was proclaimed.
General information The official language is Estonian. Dominant religion: Lutheranism, Orthodoxy, Baptistism. Political system: democratic parliamentary republic. Head of state: president. It borders with Russia and Latvia. It is a member of the EU, Eurozone, NATO, and a member of the Schengen Agreement.
Physico-geographical position Located in the north-eastern part of Europe. It is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Finland and Riga of the Baltic Sea. More than 1,540 islands make up 9.2% of the territory. The banks are strongly dissected, with steep cliffs in the north and low-lying ones in the west.
The surface is a low-lying plain with traces of the activity of ancient glaciations. Only 10% of the territory lies above 100 m above sea level. The highest point - Suur-Munamägi (318 m) - is located in the southeast of the country. Almost half of its area is occupied by arable land. Many forests are grown specifically for raw materials for the forestry and paper industries. The climate is temperate, transitional from maritime to continental, humid and cool.
Population Estonians – 69% Russians – 25.5% Ukrainians – 2.2% Belarusians – 1.1% Finns – 0.8%
Tallinn Capital of Estonia 403 thousand people. First mentioned in 1154. Former names: Kolyvan, Revel. Large passenger and cargo seaport.
Economics of the fuel and energy complex – oil shale on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. The Baltic and Estonian thermal power plants operate on gas from Siberia and Komi. The chemical industry works on local phosphorites and Khibiny apatites. Mechanical engineering – radio equipment, instruments, electrical engineering – Tallinn, Tartu.
Agriculture Traditionally, livestock farming for meat and dairy production and bacon pig farming predominate. They grow potatoes and other vegetables, grains (barley, rye, wheat), fodder and fruit.
Latvia S = 65,589 sq. km (124th place in the world) N = 2 million 67 thousand people. (2011, 143rd place in the world) On August 24, 1991, the RSFSR recognized the fact of restoring the independence of the Republic of Latvia. On September 6, 1991, the independence of Latvia was recognized by the USSR. Latvia has been a member of the UN since September 17, 1991.
General information The official language is Latvian. There is no state religion in Latvia; 14 religious associations are registered. Government system: republic. Head of state: president. GNP per capita 2290 dollars. US per capita. Borders are with Estonia, Lithuania, Russia and Belarus. Member - WTO, EU, UN.
Geographical location Located in the north-west of the East European Plain, off the south-eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. The shores are low-lying, with sandy beaches and dunes.
Relief The relief is flat, with hills interspersed with lowlands. The highest point is Gaizinkalns hill, 312 m. The longest lowland is Primorskaya. Large river – Daugava 12 thousand rivers and 3 thousand lakes
Mineral resources The republic has deposits of: Peat, Limestone, and amber on the coast.
Climate The climate is transitional from marine to continental. The winds are mainly westerly. Average t in July +16+18°C January to -2°C on the coast to -8°C in the east. Precipitation falls 550-800 mm per year, the greatest amount on the western slopes of the hills. Mostly cloudy 150-180 days a year.
Population composition National (Latvians 62%, Russians 27%, Ukrainians 3%, Lithuanians, Belarusians and Poles - 2%). City dwellers make up 70% of the population, rural residents - 30%.
Big cities
Riga The official founding date of the city is 1201; the founder of Riga is the German bishop Albert von Buxhoeveden from the knightly family of Appeldern. Population - 705,703 inhabitants (2010). It is located on both banks of the Western Dvina River, near its confluence with the Gulf of Riga. The city is divided into 6 administrative districts
Economy Industrial-agrarian country. Mechanical engineering: Jelgava – buses, Riga – carriages, Chemical industry: Ventspils – nitrogen fertilizers, Jurmala – pulp and paper. Developed chemical and petrochemical, light (textile, knitwear) industries. Leather and amber processing
Agriculture The main industry is livestock farming (dairy, meat and bacon pig farming). Plant growing: grains (rye, wheat, barley), feed - up to 50%, potato growing, vegetable growing. Beekeeping.
Sights For three centuries Latvia was under the rule of knightly orders. It is not surprising that a large number of medieval castles have been preserved in the country. In the city of Aizenput there was an order castle of the second half of the 13th century. In 1342, the Livonian Order built Marienburg Castle on the island of Aluksne, which was destroyed during the Northern War (1702); its ruins are still an object of attraction for tourists. The 13th century Krustpils Castle can be seen in Jekabpils. In the city of Kandava, the center of attraction for tourists is the ruins of a castle from the 15th -18th centuries. and a powder tower. The Knight's Castle, built in 1399, has been preserved in the city of Ludza - it is the historical center of the city.
Lithuania S = 65200 sq. km. (123rd place in the world) N = 3.2 million people. (2011), (136th place in the world) February 16, 1918 - date of entry into the USSR; March 11, 1990, the independence of the Republic of Lithuania was proclaimed
General information Official languages are Lithuanian. Dominant religion: Christianity. Political system: parliamentary republic. Head of state: president GNP per capita 1350 dollars. US per capita. Neighboring countries are Latvia, Belarus, Poland and the Kaliningrad region of Russia. It is a member of the UN, WTO, EU, NATO, but is not a member of the Eurozone.
Physico-geographical position State in Europe, on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. The surface is flat with traces of ancient glaciation. The largest rivers are the Neman and Neris.
Relief with traces of ancient glaciation (hills and ridges, lake basins, scattered boulders). Lowlands alternate with hills. The Baltic Ridge is the highest point of the country 294 m). Seashores with sandy beaches and dunes. The beauty of the landscapes is given by numerous rivers (the largest is the Neman) and small lakes (about 3 thousand).
Mineral resources The republic has deposits of: coal, peat, wood
Climate: Transitional from temperate to continental. Average t in January - 5°C Average t in July +17°C Precipitation is 750 mm per year.
Population composition: National (Lithuanians 83%, Poles 6.7%, Russians 6%, Belarusians). Catholics – 80%, Orthodox – 4%.
Large cities Vilnius Klaipeda Kaunas Siauliai In Lithuania, there are three types of settlements: cities, towns (towns) and villages.
Vilnius 543 thousand people The capital of Lithuania on the Neris River. The largest city in Lithuania. First mentioned in 1323. Former name – Vilna. Railway junction.
Economy Leading industries: mechanical engineering, instrument making, shipbuilding, electrical engineering, chemical and petrochemical (mineral fertilizers, chemical fibers)
Agriculture Livestock farming (dairy and meat) Pig farming Poultry farming Crop farming (grains – barley, rye, wheat; flax, vegetables, potatoes, sugar beets)
Attractions Trakai Castle Lithuania
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
“Geography lesson Eurasia” - Name the names of travelers and explorers of the continent. Przhevalsky N.M. Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 2 in Narimanov" Geography teacher Skibo T. A. General information about Eurasia. Lesson objectives. Kozlov P.K. Explorers of Eurasia. The highest mountain in the world is Chomolungma - 8848 m. The continent is washed by all the oceans. Introduce students to the idea of Eurasia.
“Countries of Eurasia” - Study the text of the textbook on pp. 83-85 Where is the manufacturing industry concentrated? I n d o n e s i . European countries Japan. Oil producing countries. NIS Asian Tigers. Nepal Afghanistan Bangladesh Pakistan. China India. Singapore. Kuala Lumpur. The most developed countries. Revenues from oil exports allow the development of other industries.
“Rivers of Eurasia” - Valley of the Yenisei River. The central part of the continent is occupied by a vast area of internal drainage. Length - 1012 km, basin area 115 thousand square meters. km. Ganges (Ganga) is a river in India and Bangladesh. The Loire is the longest river in France. Length 2850 km, basin area 817 thousand square meters. km. Lake Baikal. It flows into the North Sea, forming a delta.
"Eurasia" - Eastern. Summer is hot (+24°C - +26°C) and dry. Norway. Climate type Mediterranean Equatorial Subequatorial. Marine temperate 2. Winter is warm (from +4°C to +12°C) and rainy. The mainland is located north of the equator. Alps. Altai. 7.
“Peoples of Eurasia” - National composition. Eurasian race. The Germanic peoples are characterized by blond hair and light skin. At the same time, a significant part of the continent is very sparsely populated. On the vast and diverse territory of the mainland, the population is distributed extremely unevenly. The population in North Asia is small.
"Continent of Eurasia" - Cape Roca. 170°E. Which continents can fit into the territory of Eurasia combined? 3. Length of the continent. 1°16" N. 5. Research work “Comparison of the geographical position of the continents of Eurasia and North America.” 54 million. Calculate the extent of Eurasia from north to south along 80° east.
There are a total of 22 presentations in the topic
Serbia.
The Republic of Serbia is a state in Central and South-Eastern Europe, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula and the southern part of the Pannonian Lowland.
The capital of Serbia, Belgrade, is one of the oldest European cities, dating back to the 3rd century BC, when the Celts founded their settlement of Singidunum at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers.
Serbs and Montenegrins, although two branches of the same ethnic group, differ markedly from each other in character and attitude. The tragic fate of the Balkan land, which from time immemorial served as a bait for all kinds of aggressors and occupiers, left an indelible mark on the character of these peoples, which is easily traced even today.
Sights of Serbia. The place where Belgrade came from, Belgrade Fortress occupies the top of a 125-meter hill at the confluence of the Sava and Danube. The territory inside the fortress walls is divided into two parts - the Lower and Upper Town.
The main temple of the Serbian Orthodox Church and the largest church in the Balkans, St. Sava's Cathedral is located in Belgrade's historic Vracar district.
The Tower of Skulls of Čele Kula is a scary landmark located in the eastern part of Niš. It is a tower made mostly of human skulls.
Under the romantic name “House of Flowers” lies, as one might assume, not a botanical park or a masterpiece of landscape design. The raison d’etre of the building is the mausoleum of the former ruler of Yugoslavia, the odious Josip Broz Tito, about whose name many copies have been broken.
The work was completed by 7th grade student Diana Selivanova.
Slide 2
Geographical position
Bulgaria is located in southeastern Europe, bordering Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, Turkey and the Black Sea. The northern border with Romania runs along the Danube to Silistra. The territory of Bulgaria is 110,550 km², slightly larger than Iceland. The country is located on the western coast of the Black Sea, borders on Romania in the north, Greece and Turkey in the south, and Serbia in the west. Despite its relatively small size, the landscape of Bulgaria is very diverse. Even in small areas of the country you can simultaneously see valleys, plateaus, hills, mountains, reservoirs, gorges, and deep river valleys.
Slide 3
Slide 4
Nature of the Country
The relief of Bulgaria is heterogeneous. In a relatively small territory of the country there are lowlands, plains, hills, low and high mountains, a large number of valleys and deep gorges.
Minerals: One of the main sources of mineral fuel in the country is coal, and the existing minor oil deposits cannot replace it. 92% of all coal reserves, estimated at 10 billion tons, are brown coal. The East Maritsky, as well as the Western Maritsky basin and the Sofia region, is the main deposit where brown coal is developed and mined. Another 40, but not significant, deposits have been explored. Limited quantities of anthracite are mined in the Svoge area.
Slide 5
Climate
A large number of forests (about a third of the entire territory of the country) and steppes, as well as the diversity of flora and fauna, are due to the mild climate. In northern and central Bulgaria it is temperate continental. Winters here are warm: the average air temperature in January is -2 degrees. In summer the weather is also favorable. For example, in Sofia the average July temperature is +22-24 degrees.
In the south of Bulgaria the climate is close to Mediterranean. During spring and autumn, the weather in Bulgarian resorts is mild. In summer it is hot on the coast, but there is no sweltering stuffiness: the average air temperature at Bulgarian resorts in May is +20, in June and September - +25, in July and August - +28-30 degrees. Rains in the summer season are rare.
Slide 6
Rivers and lakes
The Balkan Mountains divide Bulgaria into two almost equal river systems. A large system provides the drainage area for the northern part of Bulgaria, its flow goes to the Black Sea, mainly along the Danube River. This system covers the entire Danube Plain and extends 48-80 km inland from its coastline. The second system collects the flow of water from the Upper Thracian Plain and most of the highland areas of the countries of the south and southwest into the Aegean Sea. Of all the rivers, only the Danube is navigable, but many other rivers and tributaries in Bulgaria have high potential for hydroelectric power production and as a source of irrigation water.
Slide 7
Flora and fauna
Forests occupy approximately a third (29%) of the territory. In Bulgaria there are needle-leaved forests - pine, spruce, white spruce and others. Broad-leaved forests, primarily oak and beech, and then hornbeam, ash, linden, hazel, predominate in Stara Planina, Sredna Gora and Strandzha. Wild chestnut is found in Stara Planina (near Berkovitsa) and on Belasitsa, the best varieties of tobacco also grow here. In the mountainous areas up to an altitude of 1000 m, broad-leaved forests grow, the most common species in which are oak, beech, hornbeam, ash, linden, and hazel. Above 1000 m there is a zone of coniferous forests.
The Bulgarian fauna is a mixture of European species from the central and northern regions, as well as the Mediterranean. Bats predominate among them. The jackal is not uncommon in Strandzha. Among the large birds, bearded eagles predominate. Among the almost extinct mammals: bear, wolf, fox, wild cat, deer, chamois and others. Bulgaria is inhabited by pelicans, partridges, pheasants, and hazel grouse. In Bulgaria you can catch many types of sea and river fish. There are almost 50 species of amphibians and reptiles. The variety of insects can satisfy even the most demanding collectors. In Bulgaria you can catch more than 1,100 species of different butterflies. And finally, we cannot forget about the cave inhabitants, the number of which is more than 75 species.
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
Slide 12
Population
As of December 31, 2014, the country's population is estimated at 7,202,198.
According to the results of the official Bulgarian population census in 2011, by February 1, 2011, the population of Bulgaria was 7,365,570 people, of which 51.3% were women and 48.7% were men. 72.5% live in cities, 27.5% live in villages.
After 1990, the population of Bulgaria has been declining and is now approximately the same as in 1950 (7,250,503). During the period from 2001 to 2011, the country's population decreased by 564,331 people, with an average annual rate of decrease of 0.7%.
19.6% of the country's residents have higher education, 43.4% have secondary education, 23.1% have basic education, 7.8% have primary education, 4.8% have incomplete primary education, and 1.2% have never attended school.
Slide 13
Rose Festival
The Rose Festival is held in the cities of Karlovo and Kazanlak every year on the first weekend of June. The Rose Valley is very famous as a center for rose production and processing of pink flowers. For many years, this has been a livelihood for the local population, and in the 30s, rose gardens were specially planted and planted, creating additional beautiful landscapes and architecture. The local Bulgarian rose industry is perceived as quite an attractive thing, which attracts the interest of both Bulgarian and foreign tourists. The Rose Festival celebration begins with the ritual of “picking roses” (in Bulgarian “rosobor”) in the rose fields of the Karlovo district. The next day, Sunday, the holiday moves to the city of Kazanlak. It includes the rituals of “rose picking and brewing” (“rosober” and “rose brewing”).
Slide 14
Economy of the country
Heavy - a branch of industry that produces means of production. The following types are represented in Bulgaria: woodworking industry, electrical and heat production, electrical and electronic industry, ferrous metallurgy, non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering and metalworking industry, building materials industry, chemical industry, pulp and paper industry.
Light industry is a branch of industry that produces consumer goods and partially materials obtained through the processing of agricultural, wood and other sources. In Bulgaria, the following are quite well developed: the textile and knitting industry, the clothing industry, the food-flavoring industry, the woodworking industry, the furniture industry, the production of glass and porcelain and earthenware products, leather processing and shoe manufacturing, as well as the manufacturing and printing industry. Historically, light industry has always outpaced heavy industry.
Slide 15
Thank you for your attention!
View all slides
1 slide
This mysterious country ROMANIA Lyceum No. 100 5 "G" class
2 slide
Romania is a country located in the south of central Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Geographical location and state symbols of Romania.
3 slide
2/3 of the country is occupied by mountains: the center and north - the Eastern and Southern Carpathians (the highest point is Mount Moddoveanu, 2544 m), the Transylvanian plateau; west - Western Romanian Mountains; southeast - Dobrudzha plateau. The mountains are bordered by a semi-ring of plains: from the south - the Lower Danube, from the west - the outskirts of the Middle Danube (Pannonian), from the east - the low Moldavian Upland. The main waterway of Romania is the Danube River with its tributaries Jiu, Olt, Siret, Prut. The capital of the country is the city of Bucharest. According to the constitution, Romania is a democratic republic. The head of state is the President.
4 slide
The population of Romania is now approximately 23 million people. The country is home to Romanians, Hungarians, Gypsies, Ukrainians, Germans, Russians, Turks, Crimean Tatars, Serbs, and Slovaks. 86.8% of the population are parishioners of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 7.5% are Protestants, 4.7% are Catholics, 0.9% are others (mostly Muslims).
5 slide
Middle Ages and modern times. There are many unique historical and cultural monuments on the territory of Romania. These are palaces and castles, monasteries of extraordinary beauty, churches and temples, natural reserves. Almost all the cities of Romania are ancient settlements that have a centuries-old history and have priceless architectural monuments. Each of them has its own legend and is surrounded by an aura of mystery.
6 slide
7 slide
The cities of Transylvania are very similar to the cities of medieval Germany or Hungary. Orthodox monasteries in Moldavia and Bukovina are a tribute to the Byzantine style. Western Romania bears the imprint of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, while Constanta is a city with Roman and Ottoman influences.
8 slide
Slide 9
And, of course, the hallmark of Romania is the famous castles of Transylvania - Bran, Peles and others, with which the history of the country and the legend of Count Dracula are connected.
10 slide
Peles Castle The castle was founded in 1873 by order of King Carol I of Romania. The castle is surrounded by 7 terraces, has a central tower 66 meters high and includes 160 rooms with valuable collections of works of art, weapons and furniture.
11 slide
12 slide
The collection of weapons located in the castle includes more than 4,000 European and Oriental samples of the 15th-19th centuries, which have artistic, historical and documentary value. In addition, Peles Castle houses an extremely valuable collection of German equipment from the 17th century, as well as the only collection of Maximilian equipment for horses and knights in Romania.
