The population of the countries of the world is not a constant indicator: in some places it is growing, but in some countries it is falling catastrophically. There are many reasons for this - economic, political, social, pressure from other powers. As practice shows, people are constantly looking for a place to live with clean air, developed infrastructure, and social guarantees. Natural increase and decrease also influence the ratio of mortality and birth rates, life expectancy, and other significant factors. Previously, experts made predictions that the number of people on the globe would certainly exceed critical indicators and become uncontrollable. Today's realities show that this is not entirely true.
The population size in the world is generally assessed, by continent and superpower; there are exceptions - the European Union, which unites states with different levels economics and demography. We should not forget the migration processes activated as a result of military conflicts, as shown by the events in Yugoslavia and Syria. And economic development does not always accompany an increase in the number of people living in a country, and vice versa, as the example of India or individual African countries proves. But first things first. Let's look at the world's largest population by country, according to official statistics.
Largest countries by population
Leader in population China– according to sociologists, almost 1.4 billion people are concentrated there.
In second place India: Indians, compared to the Chinese, are 40 million less (1.36 billion). These are the countries with the most large population in the world, then there are other figures - hundreds of millions and less.
Third place is rightfully occupied USA. There are 328.8 million Americans in the world. After developed and prosperous America, states that are different from each other are taking the lead. These are Indonesia (266.4 million), Brazil (212.9), Pakistan (200.7), Nigeria (196.8), Bangladesh (166.7), Russian Federation(143.3). Mexico closes the top ten with “only” 131.8 million.
Island Japan opens its second decade; it is inhabited by 125.7 million citizens. The next participant in the world population ranking is distant Ethiopia (106.9 million). Egypt and Vietnam are not similar in any way, except for the number of citizens living there - 97 and 96.4 million people, respectively (14th and 15th place). Congo has 84.8 million inhabitants, Iran (17th position) and Turkey (18th) have almost the same number of citizens - 81.8 and 81.1 million.
After the prosperous Federal Republic of Germany with its 80.6 million law-abiding burghers, another decline is observed exactly in the 20s: in Thailand there are 68.4 million Thais. Then a hodgepodge begins, interspersed with developed European countries.
Among other players, the Netherlands (17.1 million) and Belgium (81st position, 11.5 million people) were in 68th place. There are a total of 201 states on the list, ranked by population in descending order, including the Virgin Islands, which are under US protectorate (106.7 thousand people).
How many people live on Earth
In 2017, the world population was 7.58 billion. At the same time, 148.78 million people were born and 58.62 million people died. 54% of the total population lived in cities, 46% lived in towns and villages, respectively. The world population in 2018 was 7.66 billion, with a natural increase of 79.36 million. The data is not final, because the year is not over yet.
Traditionally, the “influx” is provided by states with a low standard of living, which lead in the ranking largest countries world in terms of population - China and India. If we take statistics over long periods, it is easy to see that the smooth increase in 1960-1970 (up to 2% annually) gave way to a decline until 1980. Then there was a sharp jump (more than 2%) in the late eighties, after which the rate of increase in numbers began to decline. In 2016, the growth rate was about 1.2%, and now the number of people living on Earth is slowly but surely increasing.
TOP 10 countries with the largest population
Statistics belong to the exact sciences and allow, with minimal errors, to determine fluctuations in the number of citizens permanently residing in a given territory and to make a forecast for the future. Online counters and surveys are designed to take into account any changes as impartially as possible, but they are not without fault.
For example, the UN Secretariat estimated the world population in the past year at 7.528 billion people (as of 06/01/2017), the American Census Bureau operates with an indicator of 7.444 billion (as of 01/01/2018), the independent DSW Foundation (Germany) believes that as of 01/01. In 2018, there were 7.635 billion inhabitants on the planet. Which number to choose from the 3 given is up to everyone to decide for themselves.
Population of countries of the world in descending order (table)
The population of the world's countries in 2020 is distributed unevenly among individual states, in accordance with other factors - mortality, birth rate, and overall life expectancy. It’s easy to track how the world’s population changed in 2020 using the following indicators from the table (according to Wikipedia):
Japan and Mexico are “fighting” for 10th place; statistical counters place them in the ranking differently. In total there are about 200 hundred participants on the list. Closer to the end are located island states and protectorates with conditional independence. There is also the Vatican there. But their participation in the world population growth for 2020 is small - a fraction of a percent.
Rating forecast
According to analysts’ calculations, in the future the number of residents of the largest, as well as dwarf countries of the world, will not change on a global scale: the growth rate for 2020 is estimated at approximately 252 million 487 thousand people. Global changes, according to the tabular characteristics of the population of the countries of the world in 2020, do not threaten any of the states.
The last serious fluctuations, according to the UN, were observed in 1970 and 1986, when the increase reached 2-2.2% per year. After the onset of 2000, demographics show a gradual decline with a slight surge in 2016.
Population of European countries
Europe and the union formed in it are not experiencing better times: crisis, influx of refugees from other countries, currency fluctuations. These factors are inevitably reflected in the population size for 2020 in EU countries, being an indicator of political and economic processes.
Germany demonstrates enviable stability: it is home to 80.560 million citizens, in 2017 there were 80.636, in 2019 there will be 80.475 million. The French Republic and the British Empire have similar figures - 65.206 and 65.913 million. Last year they remained at the same level (65); next year in the UK they expect an increase to 66.3 million people.
The number of Italians living in their territories remains unchanged – 59 million. The situation among neighbors is different: some are worse, some are better. Using a table to track the population of countries in Europe and the world is problematic, since, due to open borders, many citizens move freely around the continent, living in one country and working in another.
Population of Russia
The Russian Federation, if you look at population data among countries of the world in descending order in 2020, confidently remains in the top ten. According to one analytical center, in 2020 there will be 160 thousand fewer Russians. Now there are 143.261 million. It is necessary to take into account the combination of areas with different densities, and there are enough of them in Russia (Siberia, the Urals, Far East and the Far North).
Earth population density
The population density indicator of the countries of the world does not depend on the area of the territory occupied, but indirectly affects the assessment of the situation. In close positions there are both developed powers (Canada, USA, Scandinavian), in which certain areas are not populated, and representatives of the third world with a critical standard of living. Or the microstate of Monaco, which demonstrates high density (due to the minimum area occupied).
Why is density important?
Density determines the ratio of area and population of the countries of the civilized world, as well as other states. It is not identical to the number or standard of living, but characterizes the development of infrastructure.
There are no clearly defined areas with “normalized” density. More often they observe a situation with abrupt changes from a metropolis to a suburb or across climatic regions. In fact, this is the ratio of the number of people to the area in which they permanently live. Even in the largest countries in the world in terms of population (China and India) there are sparsely populated (mountainous) areas adjacent to densely populated ones.
Countries with the highest and lowest population densities
As in every rating, there are leaders and outsiders. Density is not tied to the number of settlements, the number of citizens living there, or the ranking of the country. An example of this is densely populated Bangladesh, an agricultural power with an economy dependent on developed countries, where there are no more than 5 megacities with a population of one million people.
Therefore, the list contains players that are polar in terms of economic indicators. Among the states of Europe and the world, the Principality of Monaco ranks first: 37.7 thousand people in an area of 2 square kilometers. In Singapore, with a population of 5 million, the density is 7,389 people per square kilometer. The Vatican, with its specific administrative divisions, can hardly be called a state, but it is also on the list. Steppe Mongolia is minimally populated, completing the list: 2 inhabitants per unit area.
Table: population, area, density
The tabular form of estimating the population size by country of the world is accepted as visual and easy to understand. The positions are distributed as follows:
In total there are 195 countries on the list. Belgium is in 24th position, after Haiti (341 inhabitants per square kilometer), Great Britain is in 34th (255).
Population density of Russia
The Russian Federation ranks 181st, behind neighboring Ukraine (100) and Belarus (126). Russia has a density indicator of 8.56, while other Slavic states have 74 (Ukraine) and 46 (Belarus). At the same time, in terms of the territory it occupies, the Russian Federation is far ahead of both powers.
1) China
China ranks first on the list of the largest countries by population. 1.389 billion people live there. And this is 18.3% of the total population of our planet. Just imagine! It's no secret that back in the 80s, the state began to implement measures aimed at reducing population growth dynamics. Thus, the state recommends having one child, in which case various motivating positive aspects are provided: it is easier to get housing, increased pensions, subsidies, etc. And if there is more than one child in a family, then please pay additional taxes.
2) India
India is in second place in the demographic race. Population - 1.329 billion. It is not so developed demographic policy than in China, so the growth dynamics are crazy. At this rate, India will become the leader of this top in the next three years.
3) USA
The United States of America is in third position on the list of largest countries. About 326 million inhabitants are registered there. And this is not a surprising indicator, given the size of the country.
4) Indonesia
The population of this country is 261 million.
5) Pakistan
Population: 211 million people. Compared to data from two years ago, this state has overtaken Brazil.
6) Brazil
The largest country in South America is Brazil. 208 million people live here.
7) Nigeria
An African state with a population of 193 million. According to expert forecasts, in 80 years, Nigeria may well find itself in third position in terms of population growth rates.
8) Bangladesh
An Asian state that is among the top most populous. Population: 164 million people. Population density is 1 person per square meter.
9) Russia
Despite the largest area in the world, Russia is in ninth place in the ranking with 146 million inhabitants. Judging by the statistics, in 50 years Russia will not be on this list.
There are states on our planet that we only heard about in geography lessons. Entire worlds with their own rules and mentality that live on the other side of the world.
They are not well-known because they do not pursue an active foreign policy; the scale of their lands and production within does not affect other countries.
Other countries are powerful fighters for rights and active helpers for neighboring states.
They are endowed with huge territories and supply their “neighbors” with products and minerals. Their territory is so vast that it is difficult to imagine.
Anyone who went to school knows an approximate list of the largest states in the world. Let's refresh our knowledge by remembering their names and the size of the area.
List of the largest countries in the world:
The first 7 countries on the list are considered giants in terms of territory size. Any state whose size exceeds 3,000,000 km² is gigantic.
The territory of Russia is the undoubted leader. Almost twice the size of second-place Canada.
Interesting fact! Under the USSR, our territory was even larger. Its size almost reached the territory of all of North America.
The lion's share - three quarters of the land - belonged to Russia. One sixth of the earth's space belonged to the USSR.
This order was maintained from 1922 to 1991. The area of the USSR is 22,402,200 km². 293,047,571 people lived in these open spaces.
Largest countries by population
Population is another indicator. Territory and numbers vary greatly. The leaders of the previous table are changing abruptly.
Numbers do not depend on wealth, on the contrary: poor countries have larger numbers. Climate matters national characteristics, mentality.
List of countries with the largest population:
- India.
- Indonesia.
- Pakistan.
- Brazil.
- Nigeria.
- Bangladesh.
- Russia.
- Japan.
Russia occupies only 9th position. China is in the lead; Russians have long been making jokes about the situation with population growth. And in vain, since in Russia the situation is the opposite.
Despite the high population, the birth rate in the country is low. In 2016, the birth rate in Russia was 12.9%, and mortality statistics showed exactly the same.
Today in our country there is an active policy to support mothers with children. New laws are being adopted that will improve the financial situation of families with children.
But, as statistics show, it is not a matter of the country’s material well-being.
Leaders in natural population growth:
- Malawi - 33.2%.
- Uganda - 33%.
- Burundi - 32.7%.
- Niger - 32.7%.
- Mali - 31.8%.
These countries cannot be called developed and wealthy. The fertility rate is taken from the same ratio.
Another surprising pattern: in these countries the mortality rate is lower than in Russia, which occupies - attention - 201st place in the ranking of population growth! We are in 201st place. These are the data for 2016.
In 2017, due to the wave of the financial crisis, the situation did not improve. The mortality rate has decreased, but along with it there has been a real collapse in the birth rate.
So we are still far from reaching the indicators of Malawi and Uganda. The mortality rate in 2017 was 12.6%. Men do not live to see 60 years of age. The female figure is 71 years.
Ratings of countries by standard of living in 2017
The effect of wealth on fertility is a controversial issue. Developed countries are known for having the lowest birth rates.
Psychologists explain this by the lack of a sense of fear, which activates the instinct of self-preservation in residents with a low standard of living.
The instinct of self-preservation calls on people to leave offspring behind. The worse they live, the stronger the desire to continue the family line, to give birth to more children in order to increase the likelihood of continued life.
Developed countries provide stability, and people do not have such an instinct.
In addition to the survival instinct, the culture of a country influences fertility. In the East it is customary to start large families.
They sincerely cannot understand what childfree is and how such people can even exist.
Interesting information! Childfree - families who reject the idea of having and maintaining children.
Top 5 countries leading in terms of living standards in 2017:
- Norway.
- Australia.
- Sweden.
- Switzerland.
- Netherlands.
The Netherlands ranks 184th in terms of population growth. It is slightly more than 2%.
Sweden - 180th place.
Switzerland - 182nd place.
Norway - 169th place in the ranking, population growth 4.1%.
Australia - 159th place, 4.9%. The mortality rate does not exceed the birth rate - this is a positive indicator for states.
Many countries have a negative rate of natural population growth.
The list includes world powers:
- Poland.
- Moldova.
- Czech Republic.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Italy.
- Japan.
- Portugal.
- Estonia.
- France.
- Greece.
- Belarus.
- Romania.
- Monaco.
- Germany.
- Croatia.
- Slovenia.
- Hungary.
- Ukraine.
- Latvia.
- Lithuania.
- Serbia.
- Bulgaria.
The birth rate in these states ranges from 8 to 10%, and the mortality rate: from 9 to 13%.
Comparative data show that the demographic state of affairs in Russia is relatively good.
The financial crisis of recent years has affected the birth rate, but the figures give hope for a better outcome. Mortality and birth rates are at least equal. The current policy of our country is aimed at preserving the nation.
Along with the birth rate, the number of marriages in Russia decreased in 2017.
But the government continues to introduce new laws that will help restore the balance between mortality and fertility in the direction of increasing natural increase.
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10
- Square: 181 km 2
- Population: 53,158 people
- Density: 293.7 people/km 2
- Motto:"Achievement through common effort, Marshallese"
- Form of government: Republic
- Capital: Majuro
The Micronesian nation of the Marshall Islands is a cluster of atolls and islands located in the Pacific Ocean just north of the equator.
The Marshall Islands are named after British Captain John Marshall (also known as William Marshall), who, along with fellow Captain Thomas Gilbert, for whom the neighboring Gilbert Islands are named, explored the archipelago in 1788 while transporting prisoners to New South Wales.
The land area of the Marshall Islands is only 181.3 km2, while the area occupied by lagoons is 11,673 km2. The country is located on 29 atolls and 5 outlying islands, which are divided into two groups: 18 islands in the Ralik chain (translated from Marshallese as “sunset”) and 16 islands in the Ratak chain (or Radak; translated from Marshallese as “sunrise”). . Both chains are approximately 250 km apart and stretch from northwest to southeast for approximately 1200 km. The most important islands are the Kwajalein and Majuro atolls. Largest island Republic of the Marshall Islands, Kwajalein, is also an atoll with the largest lagoon in the world.
9
- Square: 3900 km 2
- Population: 51,547 people
- Density: 13.73 people/km 2
- Form of government: presidential republic
- Capital: Tskhinvali
Partially recognized state in Transcaucasia. Landlocked. The question of international legal status South Ossetia is controversial: the independence of the republic is recognized by four UN member states (Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru), partially recognized by Abkhazia and unrecognized PMR, NKR, DPR and LPR.
More than 89.3% of the territory of South Ossetia is located at an altitude of 1000 meters or more above sea level. The relief is mountainous.
The highest point of the republic is Mount Halatsa, 3938 m.
In the republic, only two settlements have city status - Tskhinvali and Kvaisa. Three settlements have the status of urban-type settlements - Dzau, Znaur and Leningor. Other settlements have the status of villages.
8
- Square: 261 km 2
- Population: 51,538 people
- Density: 164 people/km 2
- Motto:“The state comes before personal interests”
- Form of government: Parliamentary monarchy
- Capital: Buster
Island state in the Caribbean Sea. Includes 2 islands - Saint Christopher, also known as Saint Kitts (Saint Kitts, St. Kitts), and Nevis, from the ridge of the Lesser Antilles. Both islands are of volcanic origin, mountainous. Total length coastline- 135 km.
Saint Kitts and Nevis is the smallest country in the Western Hemisphere, both in terms of area and population.
It is a member of the British Commonwealth, headed by the Queen of Great Britain.
The two traditional industries of St. Kitts and Nevis are agriculture and tourism. The main agricultural crop is sugar cane (one third of cultivated land). On the island of Nevis, cotton, coconut palms, and pineapples are grown. Coffee trees, bananas, peanuts, yams, and rice are also cultivated. Livestock farming is developed - goats and sheep are raised. Fishing is also one of the traditional industries. However, agricultural production provides no more than half of domestic food needs.
7
- Square: 160 km 2
- Population: 37,313 people
- Density: person/km 2
- Motto:"For God, Prince and Fatherland"
- Form of government: nominally constitutional monarchy
- Capital: Vaduz
Principality of Liechtenstein - dwarf state in Central Europe. Liechtenstein borders Austria in the east and Switzerland in the west, its territory is completely surrounded by the territories of these states.
The Principality is located in the spurs of the Alps, the most high point- Mount Grauspitz (2,599 m). One of the rivers flows through the western part of the country. largest rivers Western Europe- Rain.
The Principality of Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the prince. Legislative power belongs to the prince and the Landtag (parliament), Executive power is vested in the government, which is elected by the Landtag for the term of its powers and approved by the prince. The majority of the population speaks the Alemannic dialect of German.
This beautiful fairy-tale country, despite its very small size, is famous for its ancient history and rich cultural heritage. Picturesque natural landscapes, magnificent medieval architecture and, of course, fashionable ski resort famous all over the world.
The heart of Liechtenstein and its “pearl” is the capital Vaduz. This is where most of the country's attractions are concentrated. Business card Not only the city, but the entire state is the magnificent princely castle of Vaduz. Beautiful architectural structure rises on a hill and can be seen from anywhere in the city.
6
- Square: 61 km 2
- Population: 32,742 people
- Density: 520 people/km 2
- Motto:"Freedom"
- Form of government: parliamentary republic
- Capital:
San Marino is located in Southern Europe, surrounded on all sides by Italian territory. Within its current borders, San Marino is the oldest state in Europe. The country is located on the southwestern slope of the three-headed Monte Titano mountain range (738 m above sea level), rising above the hilly plain of the Apennine foothills.
The legendary foundation of San Marino dates back to the beginning of the 4th century. According to legend, in 301, a member of one of the first Christian communities from the island of Rab in the Adriatic Sea (the territory of modern Croatia), stonecutter Marino and his friends found refuge in the Apennines, on the top of Monte Titano. He opened quarries in the mountain, and then, seeking solitude, built himself a small cell on its top and retired from the world. The glory of his holy life attracted crowds of pilgrims to him, and soon a small monastery was formed near his cell. This monastery, named after its founder, Saint Marinus, undoubtedly existed already at the end of the 6th century and lived an independent life, not politically dependent on any of its neighbors.
San Marino has a republican form of government. The heads of state are two captain-regents appointed by the Great General Council.
Inbound tourism plays a significant role in the country's economy; up to 2 million people are involved in the tourism industry in the state every year, and more than 3 million tourists visit the country every year.
5
- Square: 2.02 km 2
- Population: 30,508 people
- Density: 18,679 people/km 2
- Motto:"God willing"
- Form of government: dualistic constitutional monarchy
- Capital:
A dwarf state associated with France, located in southern Europe on the coast of the Ligurian Sea near the French Cote d'Azur 20 km northeast of Nice; on land it borders with France. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world. The Principality is widely known for its casino in Monte Carlo and the stage of the Formula 1 championship held here - the Monaco Grand Prix. The length of the coastline is 4.1 km, the length of land borders is 4.4 km. Over the past 20 years, the country's territory has increased by almost 40 hectares due to the drainage of marine areas.
The first people built their settlements on the territory of Monaco in the 10th century BC. e., they were Phoenicians. Much later the Greeks and Monoiki joined.
The history of modern Monaco begins in 1215 with the founding of a colony of the Genoese Republic on the territory of the principality and the construction of a fortress.
As of 2014, the population of Monaco is 37,800 people, but it is worth noting that most of the full citizens of the state are Monegasques. They are exempt from taxes and have the right to settle in the area of the old city.
Monaco's economy is developing mainly due to tourism, gambling, the construction of new residences, as well as due to media coverage of the life of the princely family.
4
- Square: 458 km 2
- Population: 21,186 people
- Density: 43 people/km 2
- Form of government: presidential republic
- Capital: Ngerulmudya
Island state associated with the United States in the Philippine Sea Pacific Ocean, located 800 km east of the Philippines and north of Indonesia.
Consists of 328 islands with total area 458 km 2, belongs to Micronesia. The Palau archipelago is the western part of the Caroline Islands. It consists of many small atolls formed on the tops of underwater volcanoes. The climate is tropical, with a rainy season from May to November.
Palau is a republic. The head of state and government is the president, elected by the population for a 4-year term (re-election for a second consecutive term is acceptable).
Parliament is a bicameral State Congress, consisting of the Senate (9 members elected by the population for 4 years) and the House of Delegates (16 members elected by the population for 4 years).
There are no political parties, just like armed forces.
The basis of Palau's economy is tourism (85 thousand tourists in 2007), fishing, and artistic crafts. IN agriculture Coconut palm and tapioca are cultivated. Export goods - shellfish, fish, copra. Currency unit- U.S. dollar.
3
- Square: 26 km 2
- Population: 10,782 people
- Density: 431.00 people/km 2
- Motto:"Tuvalu - for Almighty God"
- Form of government: monarchy
- Capital: Funafuti
Tuvalu is a tiny state in Oceania with a population of about 11,000 people. Planes from Fiji fly here twice a week and almost certainly, in 50 years, this state will be under water, and now there is a targeted resettlement of local residents to other states, such as Fiji, New Zealand and Australia.
This Pacific nation is located in Polynesia and was called Ellis Islands until 1975. The modern name translated from the Tuvaluan language means “eight standing together” (referring to the eight traditionally inhabited islands of Tuvalu; the ninth - Niulakita - was settled relatively recently). The European discoverer of the islands, Álvaro Mendaña de Neira, named the archipelago the "Lagoon Islands", and in 1819 they received the name "Ellis Islands", which was used for almost the entire colonial era
Tuvalu is a collection of atolls and islands located in the Pacific Ocean just south of the equator. The land area of Tuvalu is only 26 km 2, while the area occupied by lagoons is more than 494 km 2. The country is located on 5 atolls (Nanumea, Nui, Nukulaelae, Nukufetau, Funafuti), 3 low-lying coral islands (Nanumanga, Niulakita, Niutao) and one atoll/reef island (Vaitupu), stretching from northwest to southeast for 595 km .
A significant part of the population of Tuvalu lives in the capital and only city of the country, Funafuti - 47%.
2
- Square: 21 km 2
- Population: 9,488 people
- Density: 473.43 people/km 2
- Motto:"God's will comes first"
- Form of government: parliamentary republic
- Capital: There is no official capital; unofficial - the city of Yaren.
The Republic of Nauru is a dwarf state on the coral island of the same name in the western Pacific Ocean. The origin of the word "Nauru" is unknown. As now, the Nauruans in the distant past called the island "Naoero".
There is no official capital or cities on the island. The presidential residence is located in Meneng District, while government offices and parliament are located in Yaren District. The entire population of the island lives along the coast, as well as around Lake Buada.
1
- Square: 0.44 km 2
- Population: 842 people
- Density: 1900 people/km 2
- Form of government: absolute theocratic monarchy
- Capital:
And, undoubtedly, the title of the most small state in the world belongs to the Vatican. Vatican City is a dwarf enclave state (the smallest officially recognized state in the world) within the territory of Rome, associated with Italy. The Vatican's status in international law is an auxiliary sovereign territory of the Holy See, the seat of the highest spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.
Diplomatic missions of foreign countries are accredited to the Holy See, not to the Vatican City State. Foreign embassies and missions accredited to the Holy See, due to the small territory of the Vatican, are located in Rome (including the Italian embassy, which is thus located in its own capital.
In antiquity, the territory of the Vatican (lat. ager vaticanus) was not inhabited, since in Ancient Rome this place was considered holy. Emperor Claudius held circus games at this place. In 326, after the advent of Christianity, the Basilica of Constantine was erected over the supposed tomb of St. Peter, and from then on the site began to be inhabited.
The Vatican is a theocratic state ruled by the Holy See. The sovereign of the Holy See, in whose hands the absolute legislative, executive and judicial powers are concentrated, is the Pope, elected by the cardinals for a life term. After the death or abdication of the Pope and during the conclave until the enthronement of the new Pope, his duties (with significant restrictions) are performed by the Camerlengo.
The Vatican has a non-profit planned economy. Sources of income are primarily donations from Catholics around the world. Part of the funds comes from tourism (sale of postage stamps, Vatican euro coins, souvenirs, fees for visiting museums). The majority of the workforce (museum staff, gardeners, janitors, etc.) are Italian citizens.
The Vatican budget is US$310 million.
The Vatican has its own bank, better known as the Institute of Religious Affairs.
