Name Manufacturer Technical specifications Where installed
PIVAIR(SPS), PIVAIR(SPS) K" - for nuclear submarines and SSBNs SAGEM Optical-electronic and optical periscope, which also houses the antenna of the RPD system and IR system. In addition to the usual binocular optics, there is a sextant, 35mm movie camera and IR monitor on the mast. Optical magnification 1.5x or 6x (12x in optional mode). Viewing angle 26.9, 4.5 degrees at an elevation angle of +807-10 degrees. The mast device is stabilized in 2 planes. Viewing angle viewing the bow and stern corners of the IR 3x6 degree system provides a quick overview (at 1 rpm, or circular search). The diameter of the detection system head is 320 mm, the pipe is 200 mm (for SPS-S - 250 mm). For the attack periscope - 140 mm and 180 mm, respectively. Casablanca, Emer- ande, Rubis, Saphir, Le Triomphant (version M12/SPS-S). L Inflexible and Le Re-doutable (all - France)
SMS SAGEM Export version of a non-penetrating periscope, created on the basis of PIVAIR (SPS). It is a modification of the electronic countermeasures mast. Tested on Psyche (France, Daphne type submarine). Gotland (Sweden), Kobben (Norway) for nuclear submarines and SSBNs. Purchased for Spanish Agosta-class submarines
IMS-1 SAGEM Non-penetrating periscope into a PC only with an IR detection system (stabilized in two planes, elevation angle +30A9 degrees, viewing angle 5.4 degrees when searching or 7x5.4 degrees when recognizing, element - IRIS CCD). Speed with all-round viewing - 15-20 rpm. Submarine speed up to 12 knots. Detection system unit dimensions: 208 mm diameter, 180 kg. Mast diameter -235 mm. Narhvalen (Denmark)
OMS SAGEM Gyro-stabilized system in one or two axes with a TV camera (elevation angle +50/-20 degrees, viewing angle 32 and 4 degrees), IR system (elevation angle +50A20 degrees, viewing angle 9 degrees) and stabilized navigation radar (range 4-32 km, accuracy 2.5 degrees). The diameter of the detection system unit is 370 mm, weight is 450 kg. Le Triomphant class SSBN (France)
ST5 SFIM/SOPELEM Attack periscope. The optimal magnification is 1.5x and 6x (viewing angle 30 and 7 degrees, respectively). Elevation angles +30/-10 degrees. In total, 40 units were produced until 1985. Submarine Agosfa Submarine Amethyste (France)
Model J SFILM/SOPELEM Search periscope, it includes a radar antenna, an ARA-4 antenna and omnidirectional electronic reconnaissance antennas. Magnification 1.5x and 6x (viewing angles 20 and 5 degrees, respectively) Agosta
Model K SFIM/SOPELEM A light amplifier is installed, with 5x magnification, viewing angle 10 degrees, elevation angles +30/-10 degrees. In daytime mode, magnification is 1.5x and 6x (viewing angles are 36 and 9 degrees, respectively) Amethyste-class nuclear submarine (France)
Model L SFIM/SOPELEM Has the same characteristics and devices as model K, but without a sextant, because SSBNs have a special astro-periscope MRA-2. French Navy SSBN
M41 and ST3 (upgraded) 5FIM/ SOPELEM (France) and Eloptro (South Africa) The attack (ST3) and search (M41) optical periscopes were modernized on the South African Navy submarines: the optical elements were replaced, the optical characteristics of the system were improved, including low-light conditions, video rangefinders and TV systems are installed that operate in low-light conditions, the signal from which is fed to the consoles of the CPU operators. Spear-class submarine (Daphne-class) South African Navy
Germany
STASC/3 Carl Zeiss The first post-war periscope of the company for double purpose - search and attack. Optical magnification 1.5x and 5.6x, viewing angles 40x30 degrees and 10x7.5 degrees. Elevation angles +90/-15 degrees. A total of 30 units were produced. DPL type Narhvalen (type 207, Denmark), Kobben (type 207, Norway), type 205 (Germany), now withdrawn from service.
ASC17/NavS (SER012) Carl Zeiss AS C17 - attack periscope with fixed eyepieces (with bearing indicators in the front plane of the lens) NavS - navigation periscope, the same type as AS C17, installed on the RDP mast. Optical magnification 1.5x and 6.0x, viewing angles 38x28 degrees and 9.7x5 degrees. Elevation angles +90/-15 degrees. (SERO - abbreviation for ein Sehrohr - periscope (German)) DPL type 206 (Indonesia), type 206A (Germany), type 540 (Israel)
Germany
ASC189 BS18 Carl Zeiss AS C18 and BS 18, respectively, attack and search periscopes (B - abbreviation for eine Beobachtung - observation (German)) Optical magnification 1.5x and b.0x, viewing angles 40x30 degrees and 9.5x7.5 degrees, respectively . Elevation angles +75/-15 degrees. Pipe diameter 52-180 mm and 60-180 mm. DPL type 209 (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Greece (only type 209/1100)), Peru (Islay and Arica), Turkey, Venezuela (Sabalo).
AS C40, BS 40 (SERO 40) Carl Zeiss AS C40 and BS 40 have an electrical control system. Function control (zoom, etc.) - push-button, electric. Data is provided on true and relative bearing, elevation angle, target height and distance to it, and radio reconnaissance data. Magnification 1.5x and 6.0x, at viewing angles of 36*28 degrees and 8x6.5 degrees, at prism elevation angles +757-15 degrees. With the antenna raised - +60/-15 degrees. Installed: laser rangefinder, TV camera, IR scale for viewing nasal angles, operating in the range amp; -12 microns. There is a 40 Stab version available, horizontally stabilized using a 2-axis horoscope and a 16-bit microprocessor. DPL type 209/1200 (Greece), type 209 (Indonesia), type 209 (Peru, latest series submarines), type 209 (Chile, Korea), type 209/1400 (Venezuela), Taiwan (Hai Lung)
SERO 14, SER015 Carl Zeiss SERO 14 - search periscope, SERO 15 - attack periscope. Optical magnification is 1.5x and 6.0x at viewing angles of 36x28 degrees and 8x6.5 degrees, respectively. Elevation angles +75/-15 degrees for SER014 and +60/-15 degrees for SER015. SERO 14 also includes: - IR detection system (8-12 microns) with an American 180-element modular detector, provides nasal viewing angles of 14.2x10.6 degrees and 4x3 degrees; - additional magnification mode 12 with viewing angles 4x3 degrees and zoom mode. SERO 15 has optical and laser rangefinders, and in the SERO 15 Mod IR modification it also has an IR camera operating in the range of 3-5 microns. Diameters are larger than on the 40 Stab series. Submarine type 212 (Germany), DPL Ula type 210 (Norway)
OMS -100 Carl Zeiss Optocoupler mast with IR and TV surveillance systems. The data is transmitted to a monitor in the control room. The mast can be equipped with a laser rangefinder and a radar antenna, or only a radar antenna. The kit also includes a GPS and radio reconnaissance antenna. The IR system operates in the range of 7.5-10.5 microns (using a digital detector) and has viewing angles of 12.4x9.3 degrees or 4.1x3.1 degrees. Elevation angles +60/-15 degrees. The TV camera (with 3 microprocessors) has viewing angles of 30x22.7 degrees or 3.5x2.6 degrees (in zoom mode). The diameter of the optocoupler container is 220 mm, weight - 280 kg. The control and data presentation equipment weighs 300 kg, and the mast device weighs 2500 kg. Passed tests on the submarine U-21 type 206 in 1994.
Great Britain
CH 099 UK, Barr & Stroud (a division of Pilkington Optronics) CH 099 - attack periscope. Can be equipped with an IR night vision device or a high-sensitivity TV camera, but not both devices together due to lack of space. The image is formed on a CRT screen. Bearing and range data are displayed directly in the eyepiece and are automatically transmitted to the CPU and fire control system. Optical magnification 1.5x and 6.0x. Mast diameter - 190mm. -
CK059 Barr & Stroud (a division of Pilkington Optronics) Search periscope, similar to the CH099 attack periscope. Mast diameter - 190 mm. It has a large window, so it can be equipped with an additional light amplifier with a Mullard tube, which allows it to be used at night. An omnidirectional electronic reconnaissance antenna can be installed on the mast. When using IR surveillance devices and a TV camera, the periscope can be equipped with a remote control, the rotation speed of the sensor can vary from 0 to 12 rpm, the vertical inclination of the line of sight ranges from -10 degrees to +35 degrees. The operator can also adjust the zoom scale, focus of all devices, control data transfer, etc. -
Great Britain
SK034/CH084 Barr amp; Stroud (a division of Pilkington Optronics) 254 mm search (SK 034) and attack (CH 084) periscopes. The diameter of the upper part of the attack periscope is 70 mm. Both periscopes are quasi-binocular. The SK 034 periscope has three magnification values: 1.5x, 6x, and 12x. Viewing angles are 24, 12.6 and 3 degrees, respectively. An AHPS4 type sextant is installed. The CH 084 periscope has magnification values of 1.5x and 6x at viewing angles of 32 and 6 degrees. Equipped with a light amplifier. IR surveillance system and range finder that automatically calculates the distance to the target. Trafalgar-class nuclear submarine (Great Britain), Victoria (Uphoulder) class submarine (Canada)
SK043/CH093 Barr & Stroud (a division of Pilkington Optronics) The SK 043 search periscope is equipped with a light amplifier and a TV camera that operates in low light. Both detection channels are stabilized. The diameter of the search periscope SK 043 is 254 mm, the attack periscope SN 093 is 190 mm. DPL Collins (Australia)
SK 040 Barr amp; Stroud (a division of Pilkington Optronics) Combined (search and attack) periscope for small submarines. Equipped with a light amplifier and rangefinder. It has a monocular lens and is horizontally stabilized. Due to weight and size restrictions, there are no additional detection systems and antennas for navigation systems, and true bearing readings are not displayed, only a relative coordinate scale is available. The window and lens are heated. SMPL
SMOYU Barr & Stroud (a division of Rlkington Optronics) The SMOYU is a commercially developed optoelectronic mast that includes a dual-display workstation from Ferranti Thomson and a mast device from McTaggert Scott. The workstation, using images received from various detection systems, creates a synthesized image of the target, which is transmitted to the automated control system. All sensors are placed in a streamlined, sealed container, and the signal processing system is located in a PC. The detection systems include an IR camera, a high-resolution monochrome camera, a radio reconnaissance system and GPS. Viewing angles are 3, 6, and 24 degrees, and elevation angles are +60/-15 degrees. Now the mast diameter is 340 mm, but it can be reduced to 240 mm, provided the lifting angle is reduced to 50 degrees. The mast has passed sea trials in 1996 SSN 20 Astute (UK)
Type8L mod (T),Type15L mod(T) Sperry Marine The periscope combination for the Ohio Type 8L SSBN is installed on the starboard side of the OVU, and the Type 15L is installed on the port side. The Type 8L also carries a ranging radar antenna, and the 151 carries a PTPWLR-10 station. Optical magnification is 1.5x and 6x, respectively, at elevation angles of +60/-10 degrees. Viewing angles 32 and 8 degrees. They can be equipped with TV and cameras. The length of the periscope is about 14 m. SSBN type Ohio (USA), SSN 21 Seawolf (USA) (Type 8J Mod 3 periscopes)
Type 18 Sperry Marine Search periscope, which also carries a radar detection antenna, has a gyro-stabilized optical system, a light amplifier and a TV camera for low light levels. Modification Type 18B has a total length of about 12.0 m, and Type 18D - 12.6 m. Optical magnification 1.5x, 6x, 12x, 24x, with viewing angles of 32, 8, 4 and 2 degrees. Lift angle restrictions +60/-10 degrees. Periscope functional modes: day, night, optics, TV, IMC (image motion compensation), camera and gyro stabilization.
Type 22 (NESSI^ - 2nd generation optocoupler system for the Los Angeles class nuclear submarine, including an IR system operating in the range of 3-5 microns, a TV system operating at low light levels, and a satellite navigation antenna. Types 19, 20 periscopes and 21 are various types of optocoupler masts, data on which are not available.Los Angeles type submarine (USA)
Model 76 Kollmorgen Binocular, with stabilized optics, export 7.5-inch periscope from Kollmorgen in search and attack versions. Optical magnification of 1.5x and 6x at viewing angles of 32 and 8 degrees and restrictions on elevation angles of +74/-10 degrees for the attack periscope and +60A10 degrees for the search periscope, for the search periscope. A sextant, communication, satellite navigation and electronic warfare antennas are installed on the search periscope. The light amplifier is installed directly on the mast, and the SPRITE IR system is installed between the optical head and the electronic warfare antenna (viewing angle 12/4 degrees, with CN 0.2 mra^o). Periscopes installed on submarines of various fleets have individual model numbers. DPL type TR-1700 (Argentina), type 209/1400 (Brazil), type 209/1500 (India), Dolphin (Israel), Salvatore Pe/os/ (Model 767322 with radar rangefinder, Italy), Primo Langobardo (Model 767323 with laser rangefinder) Nazario Sauro second 2 submarines (Model 76/324), Walrus (Netherlands), Nacken (Sweden), 209/1200 and 209/1400 Model 76/374 Turkey)
Universal modular mast / Model 86/Model 90 Kollmorgen (USA) Model 86 is an optocoupler mast that combines an IR vision sensor, a highly sensitive TV camera and radio equipment. A fiber-optic line is used to transmit information; control is carried out using a computer that performs a general analysis of the threat, and from a control panel. Additional features include a color TV channel, SATNAV navigation equipment and video signal processing. Model 90 is an optocoupler adaptation to a conventional 190 mm periscope, combining an optical channel with a magnification of 1.5x, 6x, 12x, 18x with a limited elevation angle of +74/-10 degrees, an IR receiver with a limited elevation angle of +557-10 degrees, TV -camera, laser range finder, electronic warfare system and GPS receiver. Model 86 and 90 are commercial versions of the so-called universal modular mast, which includes optronica from Kollmorgen (USA), displays from Loral Librascope (USA), a 2-stage mast from Riva Calzoni (Italy), and a signal processing terminal from the company Alenia (Italy) and universal consoles MFGIES or CTI. The Model 90's options include TOM (Tactical Opto-Mast), OMS (Opto-Mount Mast), and COM (Compact Opto-Mast). The latter is intended for SMPL. At the beginning of 1994, Model 90 was exported to a customer in Japan. Seawolf and Virgnia class nuclear submarines
* According to
The Naval Institute guide to World Naval Weapon Systems 1997-1998, pp. 638-644.
Advanced optronics (optoelectronics) give non-hull-penetrating mast systems a distinct advantage over direct-view periscopes. The development direction of this technology is currently determined by low-profile optronics and new concepts based on non-rotary systems.
Interest in optoelectronic periscopes of a non-penetrating type arose in the 80s of the last century. The developers argued that these systems would increase the flexibility of the submarine's design and its safety. The operational advantages of these systems included displaying the periscope image on multiple crew screens as opposed to older systems where only one person could operate the periscope, simplified operation and increased capabilities, including the Quick Look Round (QLR) feature, which allowed for maximum reduction the time the periscope is on the surface and thereby reduce the vulnerability of the submarine and, as a consequence, the likelihood of its detection by anti-submarine warfare platforms. The importance of the QLR mode has recently increased due to the increasing use of submarines for information collection.
A conventional Type 212A class anti-submarine submarine of the German Navy displays its masts. These diesel-electric submarines of the Type 212A and Todaro classes, supplied to the German and Italian navies respectively, are distinguished by a combination of masts and penetrating (SERO-400) and non-penetrating types (OMS-110).
In addition to increasing the flexibility of the submarine's design due to the spatial separation of the control post and optocoupler masts, this makes it possible to improve its ergonomics by freeing up the volume previously occupied by periscopes.
Non-penetrating type masts can also be relatively easily reconfigured by installing new systems and implementing new capabilities; they have fewer moving parts, which reduces the life cycle cost of the periscope and, accordingly, the amount of its maintenance, routine and overhaul. Continuous technological progress is helping to reduce the likelihood of periscope detection, and further improvements in this area are associated with the transition to low-profile optocoupler masts.
Virginia class
In early 2015, the US Navy installed a new low-observable periscope, based on L-3 Communications' Low-Profle Photonics Mast (LPPM) Block 4, on its Virginia-class nuclear submarines. To reduce the likelihood of detection, the company is also working on a thinner version of the current AN/BVS-1 Kollmorgen (currently L-3 KEO) optocoupler mast installed on submarines of the same class.
L-3 Communications announced in May 2015 that its optical-electronic systems division L-3 KEO (in February 2012 L-3 Communications merged KEO, which led to the creation of L-3 KEO) received a competitive award A $48.7 million contract from Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) for the development and design of the low-profile mast, with an option to produce 29 optocoupler masts over four years, as well as maintenance.
The LPPM mast program aims to maintain the characteristics of the current periscope while reducing its size to that of more traditional periscopes, such as the Kollmorgen Type-18 periscope, which began being installed in 1976 on Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines as they entered the fleet.
L-3 KEO provides the US Navy with a Universal Modular Mast (UMM) that serves as a lifting mechanism for five different sensors, including the AN/BVS1 optocoupler mast, high-speed data mast, multi-function masts and integrated avionics systems.
Virginia-class attack submarine Missouri with two L-3 KEO AN/BVS-1 photocoupler masts. This class of nuclear submarines was the first to install only optocoupler masts (command and observation) of a non-penetrating type
Although the AN/BVS-1's mast has unique characteristics, it is too large and its shape is unique to the US Navy, allowing the submarine's nationality to be immediately identified when a periscope is detected. Based on publicly available information, the LPPM mast has the same diameter as a Type-18 periscope, and its appearance resembles the standard shape of this periscope. The modular LPPM non-hull type mast is installed in a universal telescopic modular compartment, which increases the stealth and survivability of submarines.
The system features include short-wave infrared imaging, high-resolution visible imaging, laser ranging and a set of antennas that provide broad coverage of the electromagnetic spectrum. The prototype of the LPPM L-3 KEO optocoupler mast is currently the only operational model; it is installed aboard the Virginia-class submarine Texas, where all subsystems and operational readiness of the new system are tested.
The first production mast will be manufactured in 2017, and its installation will begin in 2018. According to L-3 KEO, it plans to design its LPPM so that NAVSEA can install a single mast on new submarines and can also upgrade existing vessels as part of an ongoing improvement program aimed at improving reliability, capability and affordability. An export version of the AN/BVS-1 mast, known as the Model 86, was first sold to a foreign customer under a contract announced in 2000, when the Egyptian Navy contemplated a major upgrade of its four Romeo-class diesel-electric anti-submarine submarines. Another unnamed European customer has also installed the Model 86 on its diesel-electric submarines (DSS).
Periscope systems before installation on a submarine
L-3 KEO, along with the development of LPPM, is already supplying the US Navy with the Universal Modular Mast (UMM). This non-penetrating type mast is installed on Virginia class submarines. The UMM serves as a lifting mechanism for five different sensor systems, including the AN/BVS-1, OE-538 radio tower, high-speed data antenna, mission-specific tower, and integrated avionics antenna tower. KEO received a contract from the US Department of Defense to develop the UMM mast in 1995. In April 2014, L-3 KEO received a $15 million contract to supply 16 UMM masts for installation on several Virginia-class nuclear submarines.
Images from the L-3 KEO AN/BVS-1 optical-electronic mast are displayed at the operator’s workplace. Non-penetrating masts improve the ergonomics of the center post and also increase safety due to the structural integrity of the hull
Another UMM customer is the Italian Navy, which also equipped its Todaro class diesel-electric submarines of the first and second batch with this mast; the last two boats were scheduled to be delivered in 2015 and 2016 respectively. L-3 KEO also owns the Italian periscope company Calzoni, which developed the E-UMM (Electronic UMM) electric mast, which eliminated the need for an external hydraulic system for raising and lowering the periscope.
The latest offering from L-3 KEO is the AOS (Attack Optronic System) commander's non-penetrating optronic system. This low profile mast combines the characteristics of the traditional Model 76IR search periscope and the same company's Model 86 optocoupler mast (see above). The mast has reduced visual and radar signatures, weighs 453 kg, and the diameter of the sensor head is only 190 mm. The AOS mast sensor kit includes a laser rangefinder, thermal imager, high-definition camera and low-light camera.
OMS-110
In the first half of the 90s, the German company Carl Zeiss (now Airbus Defense and Space) began preliminary development of its Optronic Mast System (OMS) optronic mast. The first customer of the serial version of the mast, designated OMS-110, was the South African Navy, which chose this system for three of its Heroine-class diesel-electric submarines, which were delivered in 2005-2008. The Greek Navy also chose the OMS-110 mast for its Papanikolis diesel-electric submarines, and after it decided to buy this mast South Korea for their Chang Bogo class diesel-electric submarines.
Non-piercing OMS-110 type masts have also been installed on the Indian Navy's Shishumar-class submarines and the Portuguese Navy's traditional Tridente-class anti-submarine submarines. One of the latest applications of the OMS-110 was the installation of universal UMM masts (see above) on the Italian Navy Todaro submarines and the German Navy Type 2122 class anti-submarine submarines. These boats will have a combination of an OMS-110 optronic mast and a SERO 400 command periscope (hull penetrating type) from Airbus Defense and Space.
The OMS-110 optocoupler mast features dual-axis line-of-sight stabilization, a third-generation mid-wave thermal imaging camera, a high-resolution television camera and an optional eye-safe laser rangefinder. Quick Surround View mode allows you to get a fast, programmable 360-degree panoramic view. It can reportedly be completed by the OMS-110 system in less than three seconds.
Airbus Defense and Security has developed the OMS-200 low profile optocoupler mast, either as an addition to the OMS-110 or as a stand-alone solution. This mast, shown at Defense Security and Equipment International 2013 in London, features improved stealth technology and a compact design. The OMS-200 modular, compact, low-profile, non-penetrating command/search optocoupler mast integrates various sensors into a single housing with a radio-absorbing coating. As a "replacement" for the traditional direct-view periscope, the OMS-200 system is specifically designed to maintain stealth in the visible, infrared and radar spectrums.
The OMS-200 optocoupler mast combines three sensors, a high-definition camera, a short-wave thermal imager and an eye-safe laser rangefinder. The high quality, high resolution image from a short wave thermal imager can be complemented by the image from a medium wave thermal imager, especially in poor visibility conditions such as fog or haze. According to the company, the OMS-200 system can combine images into one picture with excellent stabilization.
Series 30
At the Euronaval 2014 in Paris, Sagem announced that it has been selected by the South Korean shipyard Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) to supply non-penetrating photocoupler masts for the equipment of the new South Korean diesel-electric submarines of the "Son-Won-II" class, for which DSME is the lead contractor. This contract marks the export success of Sagem's latest family of Search Optronic Mast (SOM) Series 30 optocoupler masts.
This non-hull-penetrating search optronic mast can simultaneously receive more than four advanced electro-optical channels and a full complement of electronic warfare and Global Positioning System (GPS) antennas; Everything fits in a lightweight sensory container. The Series 30 SOM optronic mast sensors include a high-resolution thermal imager, a high-definition camera, a low-light camera and an eye-safe laser rangefinder.
The mast can accept a GPS antenna, an early warning avionics antenna, a direction finding avionics antenna and a communications antenna. Among the operating modes of the system there is a fast all-round viewing mode, with all channels available at the same time. Dual screen digital displays have an intuitive graphical interface.
Sagem has developed and started production of the Series 30 family of command and search masts, which have been ordered by many navies, including the French. The command mast has a low visual profile
The Scorpene-class diesel-electric submarines built by DCNS are equipped with a combination of penetrating and non-penetrating masts from Sagem, including a Series 30 mast with four optocoupler sensors: a high-definition camera, a thermal imager, a low-light camera and a laser rangefinder
Sagem has already supplied the Series 30 SOM variant to the French Navy's new Barracuda-class diesel-electric submarines, while another variant has been sold to an as yet unnamed foreign customer. According to Sagem, the Series 30 SOM mast supplied to the South Korean fleet will also include a signals intelligence antenna, as well as optical communications equipment operating in the infrared range.
A command variant of the Series 30 SOM, designated Series 30 AOM, is also available; it features a low profile mast and is fully compatible with the Series 30 SOM variant in terms of mechanical, electronic and software interfaces. The same container and cables can be used for both sensor units, allowing fleets to select the optimal configuration for specific applications. The basic set includes a high-resolution thermal imager, a high-resolution television camera, optionally an eye-safe laser rangefinder, a short-wave thermal imager and a day/night backup camera.
CM010
Pilkington Optronics' origins date back to 1917, when its predecessor became the sole supplier to the British Navy. At one time, this company (now part of the Tales company) began proactively developing the CM010 family of optocoupler masts, installing a prototype in 1996 on the British Navy nuclear submarine Trafalgar, after which in 2000 it was selected by BAE Systems to equip new Astute class nuclear submarines. The CM010 twin photocoupler mast was installed on the first three boats. Tales subsequently received contracts to equip the remaining four submarines of the class with CM010 masts in a twin configuration.
Thales has equipped all Astute-class submarines of the British fleet with optocoupler masts with CM010 and CM011 sensor heads. These products represent the basis for promising new series of periscopes
The CM010 mast includes a high-definition camera and thermal imager, while the CM011 has a high-definition camera and an image enhancement camera for underwater surveillance, which is not possible with a traditional thermal imager.
In accordance with the contract received in 2004, Tales began supplying CM010 masts to the Japanese company Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in May 2007 for installation on the new Japanese Soryu diesel-electric submarines. Tales is currently developing a low-profile variant of the CM010 with the same functionality, as well as a sensor package consisting of a high-definition camera, a thermal imager and a low-light camera (or rangefinder). This sensor kit is intended to be used for special tasks or diesel-electric submarines of smaller dimensions.
The low-profile ULPV (Ultra-Low Profle Variant), designed for installation on high-tech platforms, is a unit of two sensors (a high-definition camera plus a thermal imager or a camera for low light levels) installed in a low-profile sensor head. Its visual signature is similar to that of a commander's periscope with a diameter of up to 90 mm, but the system is stabilized and has electronic support.
The Japanese diesel-electric submarine Hakuryu, belonging to the Soryu class, is equipped with a Thales CM010 mast. The masts were delivered to the shipyard of Mitsubishi, the main contractor of the Soryu class submarines, for installation on board these submarines
Panoramic mast
The US Navy, the largest operator of modern submarines, is developing periscope technology as part of its Afordable Modular Panoramic Photonics Mast (AMPPM) program. The AMPPM program began in 2009, and as defined by the Office of Naval Research, which oversees the program, its goal is “to develop a new sensor mast for submarines that has high-quality sensors for panoramic search in the visible and infrared spectra, as well as short-wave infrared and hyperspectral sensors for long-range detection and identification.”
According to the Office, the AMPPM program should significantly reduce production and maintenance costs through modular design and a fixed bearing. In addition, a significant increase in availability is expected compared to current optocoupler masts.
In June 2011, a prototype mast developed by Panavision was selected by the Authority to implement the AMPPM program. First there will be at least two years of testing on land. This will be followed by testing at sea, which is scheduled to begin in 2018. New AMPPM fixed masts with 360-degree visibility will be installed on Virginia-class nuclear submarines.
And now the fourth, largest and most important photo sketch. Submarine D-2.
The trip to the submarine D-2, stationed at the Galernaya Harbor bucket, was undoubtedly the culmination of Saturday's Big Sea Day. Very interesting object: I highly recommend it for lovers of the navy, seas, oceans, submarines and military history. It is also instructive and correct to go there with children aged 7 or more.
About 5 years ago I visited the S-56 submarine in Vladivostok, standing in front of the headquarters building Pacific Fleet. But there, half of the boat was converted into a museum, which, of course, noticeably reduced the impression. But our Leningrad boat was left with the entire contents, “as is” - that is, all the compartments (only in the lower parts of the compartments where the ballast tanks were located, expositions were made here and there). And a museum building is neatly attached to it, where the main historical exhibitions are located, as well as an exhibition of children’s drawings on the theme of submarines (amazing in itself! I was simply drawn to the drawings!) and some paintings.
Excursions are held every hour, but according to some incomprehensible system: that is, you can easily not get on the next excursion. We arrived at about 12.20 pm and checked in at 13.00; however, when we had already left, at about 14.00, for some reason the suffering people who came were turned off, saying that “there is no longer a possibility.” Why, I still don’t understand. 
The mode inside is not bad, I liked it. That is, you can always take a break from the tour and go through the compartments yourself; you can look at almost everything, touch it (although they say that it is not necessary). The periscope rotates along an axis and... actually works - that is, the optics work and you can see what’s outside! You can lie down on your bed, turn the steering wheel, and look into the torpedo tube. The preservation and quality of restoration of the mechanisms is not bad, I think it’s better than in the Vladivostok electric power plant. The excursion goes from the end, from compartment VII, to compartment I, the bow. There is no way into the control room (too bad!).
The boat itself is one of the first Soviet-built (1931). When laid down it received the name "Narodovolets", and in 1934 it was renamed D-2.
As I understand it, this series of boats was the first that the young Soviet Union allowed himself after a long period of weakness and devastation. Apparently, our leaders gave instructions to buy from the Germans (Weimar Germany, with whom we closely and secretly collaborated in the 20s) drawings of the most advanced submarines of Kaiser Germany during World War I. This was done - although they don’t write about it in the museum, then our scientists and designers improved some components, and also developed requirements for the production of components directly in the USSR. True, the most complex parts had to be purchased for foreign currency from the same Germans - the first 2 boats of the series had diesel engines from the German company MAN (on the Dekabrist and Narodovolets), and then their production was launched in the Union. At that time, they also didn’t cook the necessary steel, they simply didn’t know how - high-quality steel “from pre-revolutionary reserves” was allocated for hull work (as it is bashfully written).
But the boat was working, and went through the entire war, having almost a dozen military campaigns and 2 sunk transports. Which for a boat built in the early 30s is very good and indicates a margin of reliability and good design.
Now my view of the submarine. Watch with me!
Here is a general view of the boat and, in general, the entire museum, from the ice of the Galernaya Harbor bucket. 
And this is a wheelhouse with periscopes and a 102-mm gun for firing on the surface. 
Now let's go inside.
To begin with, the original naval pennant of this boat is stored under glass, in the lower part of the central post (CP). 
The tour starts from the stern. These are stern torpedo tubes (they were without spare torpedoes, that is, they could only be fired once during a campaign, without the possibility of reloading). There are also bunks for torpedo operators, as well as trim tanks for ascent. 
The waterproof bulkhead between the compartments (in case of an accident or leak, it was sealed tightly), then you can see the main diesel engines for surface travel, in this boat - from the German company MAN. 
Go ahead. Battery compartment; There are oil tanks right there. I tried to shoot without flash in order to convey the authentic light cocktail that was in the original lighting inside the boat. 
Intercompartment bulkhead again. There is a “Tap Table” attached to it. 
And this went down a level. Batteries for underwater cruising (and diesel engines were used for surface cruising). 
Control of trim tanks, which were responsible for diving and ascent. 
Control of various lines (oil, fuel, etc.) 
We've almost reached the Central Post (CP). View up. This is a staircase to the wheelhouse, from a strong hull through the coaming. 
The position of the submarine commander in non-combat mode. Pay attention to the lack of space and the layout of the main control devices. 
This is a periscope (PZ-9). It made it possible to semi-automatically determine the distance to the target, the heading angle of the target for attack, bearing to the target, and had a “fixed thread in space” device for measuring the target’s speed. It had sufficient aperture for observation in twilight and night conditions. Surprisingly, the optics are still functioning! 
View of the periscope from bottom to top. This is the place of the submarine commander in combat mode. Nearby you can see the steering wheel for changing the course of the boat. 
This periskop.su
at the periscope (pun intended, however...). 
Periscope mount at the bottom for precise fixation of the retractable device. 
gromozyaka
looking for enemy transport on the Galernaya harbor bucket. Eh, it's a pity there's nothing yet! Otherwise it would be... 
Nearby there is a torpedo firing control post. You can switch to “Fire!” 
Steering wheel. Controls the change in course of the boat and its maneuvering without changing the depth of immersion. 
The most comfortable place on a submarine. On the left is a sofa, on the right is a table. There was a wardroom and nearby tiny cabins for the command staff. 
Boat latrine. So, submariners also need to poop... 
Passage to the galley and wardroom. 
Isolated radio operator's cell. 
Finally, we reached the bow compartment, where 6 torpedo tubes were located - the main weapon of the boat. About 15 crew members slept here; at the bottom of the bunks there were tables for lunch, with a green surface. The bow group torpedoes could be reloaded, and spare torpedoes were immediately placed on the sides. So if you hit it accurately with a depth charge, everything will explode to hell... 
periskop.su
at the torpedo tubes of the right bow group. The top one is a loaded torpedo, the middle one is empty, the bottom one is closed in firing position. The maximum firing range of the torpedoes was 54 cables (about 9 km) for a speed of 31 knots. 
Cover of torpedo tube number 6. 
Empty torpedo tube shaft. 
Loading winch for reloading torpedoes. 
Torpedo tube barrels. This is the very nose of the submarine, there is no further movement. 
Boat compartments:
I compartment (nasal): torpedo tubes (6), spare torpedoes for them (6), torpedo replacement and trim tanks, loading hatch.
II compartment: the first group of batteries and radio station.
III compartment: the second and third groups of batteries, above them are the living quarters of the command staff. There is also a galley, a wardroom, and fuel tanks along the sides and under the batteries.
IV compartment: central post with main command post. There was also an equalization tank and a rapid immersion tank.
V compartment: fourth group of batteries and oil tanks. Above the batteries is the living quarters of the foremen.
VI compartment: diesel.
VII compartment (aft): main propulsion electric motors, stern torpedo tubes (2), torpedo-loading hatch and trim tank.
And finally, for those interested, specifications submarines:
Maximum length - 76.6 m.
Width - 6.4 m.
Draft - 3.64 m.
Surface displacement - 940 tons.
Underwater displacement - 1240 tons.
Full speed over water is 15.3 knots.
Full speed under water is 8.7 knots.
Cruising range - 8950 miles.
Economic cruising range is 158 miles.
Armament: 6 bow torpedo tubes and 2 stern.
Immersion depth - 90 m.
Crew - 53 people.
We have such an interesting submarine in St. Petersburg. Come:)
The invention relates to optical instrument making, to optical guidance and aiming devices, namely to submarine periscopes. The periscope of a submarine contains a cabinet-cabinet fixed to the durable hull of the vessel, inside which a periscope tube is hermetically installed with the possibility of vertical movement using a lifting mechanism, which connects the head of the periscope and a yoke, consisting of two parts connected to each other. One of the parts of the yoke is connected to the cabinet body with the possibility of vertical movement, and the second has the ability to rotate relative to the vertical axis of the periscope and is attached to the periscope tube. The periscope is made not to penetrate the strong hull of the vessel. The lifting mechanism is located inside the cabinet body and consists of an electric motor with a gearbox and two vertical lead screws. The upper and lower ends of the screws are connected, respectively, to the upper part and base of the cabinet body with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis parallel to the axis of the periscope. Each lead screw is kinematically connected to the first non-rotating part of the yoke using a floating nut. EFFECT: improved reliability and ease of use of the periscope. 2 salary, 1 ill.
The invention relates to optical instrument making, to optical guidance and aiming devices, namely to submarine periscopes. Periscopes come in both penetrating and non-penetrating types. Periscopes that do not penetrate the hull of the boat have the advantage of maintaining the tightness of the submarine's observation post without any particular complications and providing a more convenient place for the operator to sit. With this placement, the operator is provided with a fixed monitor-eyepiece, which, although it complicates the optical system of the periscope, allows you to track the target without rotating the monitor-eyepiece around its axis. The optical channel in such periscopes is replaced by optical-electronic channels that use electrical signals transmitted via cable, which makes it fundamentally possible to place the periscope not only above the central post, which is mandatory for traditional periscopes, but also in other places on a durable body. Periscopes of this type independently extend into the working position. Periscopes of this type are produced by all the world's leading companies in the field of periscope construction, for example, Kollmorgen Corp and Hughes Aircraft Co (USA), Sagem SA (France), Pilkington Optronics (UK). Riva Calzony (Italy), Carl Zeiss (Germany). Periscopes penetrating the hull force the operator to follow the eyepiece and require more space inside the submarine's hull. Modern hull-penetrating periscopes no longer require the operator to adjust to awkward low positions, as was the case when placing the eyepiece at the base of the periscope tube. This problem was solved by mounting the periscope inside a tube body attached to the rigid hull of the ship. The eyepiece maintains a constant position regardless of the position of the head part and the periscope tube, which move up and down inside the cabinet body using plain bearings and a lifting mechanism. The closest in technical essence to the proposed design is a periscope penetrating into the durable hull of the boat, containing a cabinet body mounted on the durable hull of the vessel, a pipe connecting the head and eyepiece parts, which contains optics and moves in the vertical direction under the influence of a lifting mechanism thanks to bearings , installed in the upper part of the submarine hull and the upper part of the pedestal hull, and is equipped in the lower part of the pipe - yoke - with a suspended horizontal guidance mechanism, including a non-rotating part and an engine. The non-rotating part of the horizontal guidance mechanism is connected to the pipe using a roller thrust bearing, which allows the pipe to rotate around a vertical axis under the influence of the motor. The periscope also contains an eyepiece block that is motionless relative to the submarine's hull. The prototype has the following disadvantages: 1. Difficulty in ensuring the tightness of the submarine's observation post, since the periscope tube penetrates into the strong hull of the vessel. 2. The impossibility of turning along the heading angle when the pipe is in a lowered position and when it is not fully raised, which complicates the operation of the device. The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability and ease of use of the periscope. The task is carried out in the proposed submarine periscope, which contains a cabinet-cabinet fixed to the durable hull of the vessel, inside which a periscope tube is hermetically installed with the possibility of vertical movement using a lifting mechanism, which connects the head of the periscope and the yoke. The yoke consists of two parts connected to each other by means of a bearing, while one of the parts of the yoke is connected to the cabinet body with the possibility of vertical movement, and the second has the ability to rotate relative to the vertical axis of the periscope and is attached to the periscope tube. The proposed periscope differs from the prototype in that the periscope is designed to not penetrate the durable hull of the vessel. The lifting mechanism is located inside the cabinet body and consists of an electric motor with a gearbox and at least two vertical lead screws. The upper and lower ends of the screws are connected, respectively, to the upper part and base of the cabinet body with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis parallel to the axis of the periscope, and each lead screw is kinematically connected to the first, non-rotating part of the yoke using a floating nut. Variants of the periscope are offered, characterized in that the upper and lower ends of the vertical lead screws are connected, respectively, to the upper part and base of the cabinet body using bearings, and the floating nuts have the ability to move arbitrarily in parallel horizontal planes within 1-1.5 mm. The electric motor and gearbox of the lifting mechanism are fixed on the base of the cabinet body. The essence of the invention is to increase the reliability and ease of use of the periscope by making it possible to raise and lower the periscope tube in any position along the heading angle, as well as to make it possible to pre-aim the periscope at the target in its lowered position. This is done by creating a fulcrum for rotating the pipe along the heading angle when it is lowered and when it is not fully raised, which is created by connecting the non-rotating part of the yoke with vertical lead screws, the upper and lower ends of which are fixed on the cabinet body. The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing. The drawing shows the design of the proposed device. As can be seen from the drawing, the periscope of a submarine contains a pedestal body 1, fixed on the durable hull of the vessel 2, inside which a pipe 3 is installed by means of supports located in the upper part of the pedestal body and sliding bearings 4. The connections are made airtight by means of mud and sealing cuffs 5. Pipe 3 connects the head part 6 and the periscope yoke 7 and does not penetrate the strong hull of the boat 2. The yoke 7 consists of two parts, one of which 8 is connected to the pedestal body with the possibility of vertical movement of the yoke, and the second 9 additionally has the ability to rotate relative to the vertical the axis of the periscope using a horizontal guidance mechanism and is rigidly connected to the periscope tube 3. The parts of the yoke are connected to each other by means of a bearing 10. An electric motor with a gearbox 11 of the horizontal guidance mechanism is attached to the non-rotating part of the yoke. The lifting mechanism consists of an electric motor with a gearbox 12, which are fixed on the base of the pedestal body 1 and vertical lead screws 13. The upper and lower ends of the screws are connected to the upper part of the pedestal body and its base, respectively, using bearings 14. The screws are connected to the non-rotating part of the yoke 8 with the ability to move in parallel horizontal planes within the permissible backlash (approximately 1 mm), using a floating nut 15. The backlash is caused by an error in the manufacture of the lead screws. The device works as follows. The periscope tube 3, under the influence of the electric motor of the lifting mechanism 12, moves in the vertical direction using vertical lead screws 13, along which a floating nut 15 slides. The periscope tube 3 can be rotated along the heading angle (around the vertical axis of the periscope) in any position along the direction of movement in the vertical direction , since there is a fulcrum formed by connecting the non-rotating part of the yoke 8 with the lead screws 13 by means of a floating nut 15. Literature 1. Directory "Janes" (1998-1997) - "Sumbarint weapon control syptems. Optronic masts"). 2. French patent N 2488414 (prototype).
Claim
1. A submarine periscope containing a cabinet-cabinet fixed to the durable hull of the vessel, inside which a periscope tube is hermetically installed with the possibility of vertical movement using a lifting mechanism, which connects the head of the periscope and a yoke, consisting of two parts connected to each other by means of a bearing , wherein one of the parts of the yoke is connected to the cabinet body with the possibility of vertical movement, and the second has the ability to rotate relative to the vertical axis of the periscope and is attached to the periscope pipe, characterized in that the periscope is made not penetrating into the durable hull of the vessel, the lifting mechanism is located inside the body - pedestal and consists of an electric motor with a gearbox and at least two vertical lead screws, the upper and lower ends of which are connected, respectively, to the upper part and base of the pedestal body with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis parallel to the axis of the periscope, and with the first, non-rotating part of the yoke Each lead screw is kinematically connected using a floating nut. 2. The periscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower ends of the vertical lead screws are connected, respectively, to the upper part and base of the cabinet body using bearings, and the floating nuts can be moved arbitrarily in parallel horizontal planes within 1-1, 5 mm. 3. Periscope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric motor and gearbox of the lifting mechanism are fixed on the base of the cabinet body.
A submarine's periscope is an optical guidance and aiming device. The periscope consists of a head part, including a protective glass, a rotating sighting unit with a height guidance mechanism and a system for changing magnifications, an eyepiece part containing a group, a deflecting mirror and an eyepiece, connected by a pipe, inside of which the lens and wrapping systems are located along the optical beam, and equipped at the bottom with a horizontal guidance mechanism. The protective glass and the rotating sighting unit in the form of a rectangular prism-cube are made bispectral. An additional observation channel is introduced into the head of the periscope, connected to the main channel through a rectangular prism-cube. A differential is introduced between the axis of rotation of the rectangular prism-cube and the height guidance mechanism, one input of which is connected to the height guidance mechanism, and the other to the newly introduced control system for rotating the prism at a constant angle. A polarizing filter is introduced into the eyepiece part of the periscope, between the deflecting mirror and the eyepiece, which can be rotated around the optical axis of the device, and it can be removed from the device. The invention makes it possible to increase the versatility of the periscope and increase the reliability of the device under various external conditions. 1 salary, 1 ill.
The invention relates to optical instrument making, to optical guidance and aiming devices, namely to submarine periscopes. A submarine periscope is known, consisting of a head and eyepiece parts connected by a pipe. The periscope has one visual observation channel containing a protective glass installed along the optical beam, a sighting unit in the form of a rectangular prism, a lens, wraparound systems, groups, an ocular rectangular prism and the eyepiece itself. The described periscope design has the following disadvantages: 1. The periscope has one observation channel, therefore, it has limited observation capabilities under unfavorable conditions; 2. The periscope cannot sight at the heading angles of the sun, since the light reflected from the surface of the water, entering the operator’s eye, does not allow him to see the target. The closest in technical essence to the proposed design is a periscope, consisting of a head part in the form of a sighting prism installed in the upper part of the pipe. The tube contains optics and moves in the vertical direction under the influence of a lifting mechanism thanks to bearings installed in the upper part of the submarine's hull, and is equipped in the lower part with a suspended horizontal guidance mechanism, including a fixed part and a motor. The fixed part of the horizontal guidance mechanism is connected to the pipe using a roller thrust bearing, which allows the pipe to rotate around a vertical axis under the influence of the motor. The periscope also contains an eyepiece unit that is movable relative to the submarine's hull, containing deflecting mirrors and an eyepiece. The prototype has the following disadvantages: 1. The design has one observation channel, which significantly limits the information capabilities of the device; 2. The prototype does not provide for the possibility of sighting at the heading angles of the sun; 3. When the boat hull is deformed during its operation (under constant water pressure and external shock influences), the periscope bearings and the bearings of the horizontal observation mechanism may become misaligned, which can lead to jamming of the pipe when the device is rotated around a vertical axis. 4. The protective glass and the sighting unit are made of materials that are transparent only to radiation in the visible range of the spectrum. The objective of the invention is to increase the versatility of the periscope and increase the reliability of the device under various external conditions. The problem is solved in the proposed submarine periscope, consisting of a main visual channel containing protective glass located sequentially along the optical beam, a rotating sighting unit with a height guidance mechanism and a magnification change system located in the head of the periscope, as well as an eyepiece part connected by a pipe with the head part of the periscope, inside of which the lens and wrapping systems are located along the optical beam, and equipped in the lower part with a horizontal guidance mechanism. The eyepiece part contains a collective, a deflecting mirror and an eyepiece. The proposed periscope differs from the prototype in that an additional observation channel is introduced into the head of the periscope. The rotating sighting unit is made in the form of a rectangular prism-cube, optically connected to the main and additional observation channels. The protective glass and the rectangular prism-cube are made bispectral, while a differential is introduced between the axis of rotation of the rectangular prism-cube and the height guidance mechanism, one input of which is connected to the height guidance mechanism, and the other to the newly introduced control system for rotating the prism at a constant angle. A polarizing filter is introduced into the eyepiece part of the periscope, between the deflecting mirror and the eyepiece, which can be rotated around the optical axis of the device and removed from the main visual channel of the periscope. A variant of the invention is proposed, which differs in that the fixed part of the horizontal guidance mechanism in the raised position of the periscope is connected to the upper part of the submarine hull by a system of pins having two degrees of freedom in two mutually perpendicular planes. The essence of the invention is as follows. The essence of the invention is illustrated by a drawing, which shows a general view of the proposed device. The proposed submarine periscope consists of a head part 1 and an eyepiece part 2, connected to each other by a pipe 3. The head 1 and eyepiece 2 parts of the periscope form a single unit with the periscope pipe 3 and are attached to it. The main (visual) observation channel of the periscope contains protective glass 4 located sequentially along the optical beam, a rotating viewing unit in the form of a rectangular prism-cube 5, a magnification change system 6, consisting of a lens and an eyepiece, located in the head part 1 of the device, lens 7, wrapping systems 8 located inside the periscope tube 3, collective 9, deflecting mirror 10, polarizing filter 11 and eyepiece 12, located in its eyepiece part 2. A television or thermal additional observation channel 13 is optically connected to the rectangular prism-cube. 5 is driven by a differential 14, which connects it with a height guidance mechanism 15 when aiming the periscope at an object or a system for rotating the prism at a constant angle 16 when switching the prism 5 from the main channel to the additional 13. The periscope contains a lifting mechanism, which consists of multi-pulley block (polypaste), consisting of movable pulleys, which are driven by jacks. Pipe 3 has the ability to move in the vertical direction on sliding bearings 17 located on top of the submarine hull. Pipe 3 is equipped in the lower part with a suspension mechanism for horizontal guidance 18, consisting of an engine 19 and a fixed part 20. In the upper, raised position, the periscope is fixed on the upper part of the submarine hull using a connecting unit consisting of a “docking” 21 and a “floating” 22 washers . The “docking” washer 21 is attached to the inner part 23 of the submarine’s ceiling, and the “floating” washer 22 is freely attached to the fixed part 20 of the horizontal guidance mechanism. The floating washer 22 has two pins 24 and two slots 25 oriented at 90 degrees to each other. When connecting, the keys 26, attached to the fixed part of the horizontal guidance mechanism, fit into the grooves 25 of the “floating” washer. The keyed connection 25-26 makes it possible to displace the floating washer by an allowable amount only in the direction of the line connecting the two keyways of the floating washer. The “docking” washer 21 has sockets 27, the size of which clearly corresponds to the working size of the pins 24 of the “floating” washer 22 in the direction perpendicular to the line connecting the sockets of the “docking” washer and exceeds it (has a tolerance) in the diametrical direction. Thus, the “floating” washer 22 has the ability to move in the horizontal plane in two mutually perpendicular directions. The proposed device works as follows. The beam of rays from the target hits the protective glass of the periscope 4 and then onto the sighting prism-cube 5, which is bispectral and transmits radiation in the visible and infrared (IR) ranges. The sighting prism-cube 5 on the hypotenuse surface has a color separation layer, and the beams of the visible range are reflected almost completely either into the main visual observation channel or into the additional 13 if it is made television, and the IR radiation beams are completely reflected into the additional channel if it is made thermal. An additional channel (in any version) forms an image of an object on an electronic receiving device. In the IR radiation range, there are two windows (the first with wavelengths from 3 to 5 microns, and the second with wavelengths from 8 to 14 microns), which are well transmitted by the Earth’s atmosphere; it is in these ranges that IR observation devices operate. The television surveillance channel operates in the spectral range from 0.4 microns to 1.05 microns, that is, it uses all visible electromagnetic radiation, and the main visual channel operates only at wavelengths perceived by the human eye, that is, from 0.4 to 0.7 µm. The television additional channel, as well as the thermal additional channel, allows the periscope to operate under adverse conditions (in the dark). Thus, the main and additional observation channels operate completely autonomously, independently of each other and sequentially, the periscope operates either on a visual or on an additional thermal or television channel. The only thing they have in common is the protective glass and the prism cube, which are bispectral and operate in both the optical and IR observation ranges. The prism-cube 5 is installed in the head part 1 of the periscope with the ability to sight in height (in the vertical direction) when aiming the periscope at an object using a differential 14, one input of which is connected to the height guidance mechanism 15, and the other to the prism rotation control system constant angle 16. After the sighting prism 5, the beam enters the magnification change system 6, consisting of a lens and an eyepiece. Next, the beam passes through the lens 7 and the wraparound systems 8, located in the periscope tube 3, and is directed to the eyepiece part 2, reflected from the mirror 10 and horizontally enters the lens system of the eyepiece 12. A cutting and polarizing filter 11 is inserted into the main visual channel to increase the contrast. purposes, to eliminate reflected solar or lunar glare, solar and lunar paths. The direction of the beam of rays into the additional observation channel 13 (thermal or television) is carried out by switching the prism-cube 5. This switching is carried out using a differential 14 connected to a system for rotating the prism-cube at a constant angle 16. The pipe 3 moves in the vertical direction using a lifting mechanism and in the upper raised position, the pins of the “floating” washer 21 enter the grooves of the “docking” washer 22, connecting the periscope to the upper part of the submarine hull 23, so that the pin system has two degrees of freedom in two mutually perpendicular planes. Pipe 3 in the raised position is able to rotate around its vertical axis using the engine 19 of the horizontal guidance mechanism 18. This connection of the periscope with the hull of the submarine 23 prevents the possibility of misalignment of the bearings connecting the periscope pipe 3 with the upper part of the submarine hull 23, and the bearings connecting the pipe 3 periscopes with a fixed part 20 of the horizontal guidance mechanism 18, which can lead to jamming of the pipe when the device is rotated around a vertical axis when exposed to water pressure and external impacts of a shock nature. Literature 1. S.G. Babushkin et al. Optical-mechanical devices, Moscow, "Machine Building", 1965, p. 286. 2. France, application N 2488414, priority 06.06.80, IPC G 02 V 23/08 , published 12.02.82 N 6 (prototype).
Claim
1. A submarine periscope, consisting of a main visual channel containing protective glass located sequentially along the optical beam, a rotating sighting unit with a height guidance mechanism and a magnification change system located in the head part of the periscope, as well as an eyepiece part connected by a pipe to the head part of the periscope, inside which the lens and wrapping systems are located along the optical beam, and equipped in the lower part with a horizontal guidance mechanism, and the eyepiece part contains a collective, a deflecting mirror and an eyepiece, characterized in that an additional observation channel, a rotating sighting one, is introduced into the head part of the periscope the block is made in the form of a rectangular prism-cube, optically connected to the main and additional observation channels, the protective glass and the rectangular prism-cube are made bispectral, while a differential is introduced between the axis of rotation of the rectangular prism-cube and the height guidance mechanism, one input of which is connected to to the height guidance mechanism, and the other to the newly introduced control system for rotating the prism at a constant angle; a polarizing filter is introduced into the ocular part of the periscope, between the deflecting mirror and the eyepiece, which can be rotated around the optical axis of the device and removed from the main visual channel of the periscope. 2. The submarine periscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed part of the horizontal guidance mechanism in the raised position of the periscope is connected to the upper part of the submarine hull by a system of pins having two degrees of freedom in two mutually perpendicular planes.
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The invention relates to vehicles, namely to devices for improving visibility of the surrounding environment when vehicles are moving, and is intended for installation primarily on passenger cars. A device for improving visibility for a vehicle contains a video camera installed in the upper part of a hollow rack folding by means of a drive, mounted on the vehicle body, a display with a control panel for folding the rack, located inside the vehicle, as well as a control panel with a drive. Inside the stand are electrical cables that connect the video camera to the display. The stand is made in the form of a conical mast, consisting of fixed and moving parts. A stationary part is fixed to the vehicle body, which is connected to the movable part with the possibility of rotating the latter 180° relative to it using an electric motor. The electric motor is located in the stationary part. Rotation is limited by stops located in the fixed part. EFFECT: simplified design and increased ease of use of the device for improving visibility for a vehicle. 3 salary f-ly, 4 ill.
The invention relates to optical instrument making, to optical guidance and aiming devices, namely to submarine periscopes
