Presentation on Jamaica geography. Presentation on the topic: "Geography Jamaica is the third largest island (km²) in the Greater Antilles, located south of Cuba and west of Haiti. Extent." Download for free and without registration. Re

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An island state within the British Commonwealth in the West Indies. In the northwest it borders with the territorial waters of Cuba, in the east with the territorial waters of Haiti, in the south with the territorial waters of Colombia.

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Geographical position

• Jamaica is the third largest island in the Greater Antilles group.
• The closest point of the continent is Cape Gracias a Dios (Nicaragua).
• The length of the coastline is 1022 km.
• In the southwest there is a coral reef with a total area of ​​more than 8,000 km².
• The territory consists of the main island of Jamaica, the Pedro Islands and the Morant Keys archipelago, located 60 km southeast of the main island.

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Origin

The Caribbean is one of the most geologically active regions in the world. Many details in the geological history of Jamaica are unknown or their assessment is ambiguous and controversial.

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Relief and geology

Most of the territory (about 2/3) of Jamaica is a limestone plateau with a height of 500-1000 m, in some places higher. In the eastern part of the island are the Blue Mountains, where the highest point in the country is located - Blue Mountain (height 2256 m). To the southwest is Mount Malvern (725m) and to the west is Dolphin Head (545m).

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Climate

• Jamaica has a tropical climate influenced by the trade winds. Temperatures vary slightly throughout the year, the average values ​​in January are 24-25° C, in July - 26-27° C.
• Precipitation is seasonal and is particularly intense in May and October, although thunderstorms with heavy rainfall also occur in the summer months. Average annual precipitation is 2100 mm, but also depends on the area
• Jamaica is located in the Atlantic hurricane belt, which causes great damage to the population and economy.

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Water resources

• Jamaica has many small rivers and streams that originate in the central highlands and often disappear into karst cavities.
• The total volume of renewable water resources is 9.4 km³ (2000).
• The longest river is the Miño (93 km) flowing from the Dry Harbor Mountains to Carlisle Bay
• The Black River in the western part and the Rio Cobre near Kingston are more than 50 km long.
• The only river that does not flow in a north or south direction is Plantaine Garden in the east of the island.

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Major cities

• Kingston (capital)
• Spanish Town
• Portmore
• Montego Bay

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Kingston

• The capital and main port of Jamaica. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea
• urban agglomeration 580 thousand inhabitants
• Situated in a natural harbor, protected by the long and narrow Palisados ​​Strait
• Kingston is the largest English-speaking city in the entire Caribbean region.
• Center for clothing and food industry
• Founded 1693 by Great Britain
• In 1872, the Jamaican administration was located in the city.
• Gained independence in 1962

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Spanish Town

• Largest city and administrative center of the Parish of St. Catherine
• Located in the southeastern part of Jamaica, one and a half ten kilometers west of the capital - the city of Kingston
• In the 16th-19th centuries it was the Spanish and English capital of Jamaica
• The city is home to many monuments, national archives, and the oldest Anglican churches outside of England.

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Portmore

• A city on the southern coast of the island of Jamaica in the parish of Santa Catherine, southeast of Kingston.
• Population - 170 thousand people (3rd place in the country).
• The city began to be built in the 1960s
• Portmore is located on a plain adjacent to Kingson's Bay. The canal system prevents it from flooding

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Montego Bay

• The fourth most populous city in Jamaica.
• It is located in the northeast of the country in the district of St. James and is its administrative center.
• It is located at the confluence of the Montego River into the sea.
• The name of the city supposedly comes from a distorted Spanish word. manteca (lard), since lard, leather and beef were exported from the port during Spanish rule.

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Flora

• The forest area on the island is about 194 thousand hectares (1/5 of the entire territory).
• The most common cotton tree
• The southern coast is overgrown with mangroves in many places.
• In the western and southwestern parts of the island, in places where the land is not used for plantations, savanna-type vegetation (cereals and free-standing trees) is common.
• In total, the island is home to more than 3,000 species of flowering plants, including 200 species of orchids and Hibiscus sabdariffa (from which hibiscus is made).

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Fauna

• Jamaica's fauna is relatively poor: birds, rodents, rabbits, reptiles and 20 species of bats. During human development, the fauna of the island suffered greatly.
• Mongooses, brought from India in 1872, became widespread.
• Freshwater fish are represented mainly by mullet; there are 4 species of freshwater crayfish.
• Manatees live in coastal waters.
• More than 250 bird species have been recorded, including the national symbol, the pennant-tailed hummingbird.

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Story

• The island was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1494.
• The Spaniards founded their first settlement on the island in 1509.
• Jamaica was declared an English colony in 1670
• The city of Port Royal began to grow near the fort. It soon gained fame as “the most sinful city in the entire Christian world.”
• Jamaica's industry produced raw sugar, molasses, and the famous Jamaican rum.
• The emancipation of black slaves in 1833 significantly undermined the Jamaican plantation economy.
• American companies have established large-scale export production of bananas, as well as cocoa, coffee and coconuts in Jamaica.
• Universal suffrage was introduced in Jamaica in 1943, and partial self-government in 1944. In 1959, Jamaica gained internal self-government, and in August 1962, Britain granted Jamaica independence.

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State structure

• Until 1962, Jamaica was a possession of Great Britain; on August 6, 1962 it became an independent state. The 1962 constitution is in force
• The country is a kingdom, royal power is exercised in the form of a constitutional monarchy. Head of State - British Monarch
• The Governor General signs all bills and appoints the Prime Minister.
• The legislative body is a bicameral parliament, consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
• The main two political parties are the Jamaica Labor Party and the People's National Party.

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Administrative division

Jamaica is divided into fourteen parishes, which are located in three historical counties.

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Foreign policy

• Jamaica is a member of the British Commonwealth, a member of the UN and its specialized organizations, the Organization of American States, the Caribbean Community, the Non-Aligned Movement, the ACP countries, etc.
• The country's foreign policy fluctuated significantly depending on which party was in power. Thus, the PLJ government in 1962-1972 focused on the USA and Great Britain. The PNP cabinet in 1972-1980 emphasized the slogans of non-alignment and solidarity with the countries of the Third World, and strengthened relations with Cuba. The PLJ, returning to power in 1980, broke off relations with Cuba and again reoriented itself towards the United States. Since 1989, the Jamaican government has pursued a more balanced foreign policy.
• The country has diplomatic relations with Russia (established with the USSR in 1975).

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Armed forces

• Ground forces - 1 infantry regiment (three battalions, of which one is reserve); engineer regiment (actually a battalion consisting of 4 companies); support and service battalion (training center, supply, repair, transport, military police units);
• Aviation wing - several light aircraft and helicopters;
• Coast guard - 3 patrol ships, 2 patrol boats, as well as small boats.

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Population

Languages: The main spoken language is Jamaican Creole ("Patois") based on English, the official language is Standard English.

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Economy

• The main sector of the Jamaican economy is the service sector (more than 60% of GDP and employees). The main sources of income in convertible currency are tourist services (20% of GDP), cash receipts from workers abroad (20% of GDP) and the export of bauxite and aluminum.
• GDP per capita (in 2009) - 8.2 thousand dollars (117th place in the world). The unemployment rate (in 2009) is 14.5%.
• Agriculture (6% of GDP, 17% of workers) - sugar cane, bananas, coffee, citrus fruits, yams, vegetables; chickens and goats are raised; shellfish fishing.
• Industry - bauxite mining, agricultural processing, rum and clothing production.

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International trade

• Exports in 2008 - $2.6 billion. Main export goods: alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, drinks.
• The main buyers are the USA 40.6%, Canada 10.7%, Great Britain 9.3%, the Netherlands 7.9%, France 5.4%, Russia 5.3%.
• Imports in 2008 - $7.2 billion: food, consumer goods, fuel, vehicles, building materials.
• The main suppliers are the USA 39.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 17.6%, Venezuela 11.7%.

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Music

In the music world, Jamaica is known for the styles of ska, dub, dancehall, soul, calypso and, above all, reggae, most notably represented by Bob Marley. The lead singers of the group Boney M (LizMitchell and MarciaBarrett), the model, actress and singer GraceJones, the lead singer of the BadBoysBlue group Trevor Taylor, and Grammy winner Sean Paul became widely known.

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Sport

• Jamaica's sporting icon is six-time Olympic champion in athletics Usain Bolt.
• The Jamaican bobsled team competed in four Winter Olympics, finishing 14th among four-man teams in 1994.

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Holidays

• Jonkonnu is a traditional celebration dedicated to Christmas, during which celebrants parade through the streets in fancy dress. This holiday came out of the traditions of the secret societies of West Africa and was fundamental in the life of slaves.
• January 6th is Maroon Day. This holiday is celebrated on the birthday of Captain Kujoe, a Maroon who defeated the English army. On January 6, in honor of this day, festivals are held, the integral attributes of which are traditional dancing, singing and rituals

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Work by Nikolai Kurashev 11th grade GBOU school No. 104 of St. Petersburg Teacher Shizhenskaya N.N.

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An island state within the British Commonwealth in the West Indies. In the northwest it borders with the territorial waters of Cuba, in the east with the territorial waters of Haiti, in the south with the territorial waters of Colombia.

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Geographical position

Jamaica is the third largest island in the Greater Antilles group. The closest point of the continent is Cape Gracias a Dios (Nicaragua). The length of the coastline is 1022 km. In the southwest there is a coral reef with a total area of ​​more than 8,000 km². The territory consists of the main island of Jamaica, the Pedro Islands and the Morant Keys archipelago, located 60 km southeast of the main island.

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Origin

The Caribbean is one of the most geologically active regions in the world. Many details in the geological history of Jamaica are unknown or their assessment is ambiguous and controversial.

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Relief and geology

Most of the territory (about 2/3) of Jamaica is a limestone plateau with a height of 500-1000 m, in some places higher. In the eastern part of the island are the Blue Mountains, where the highest point in the country is located - Blue Mountain (height 2256 m). To the southwest is Mount Malvern (725m) and to the west is Dolphin Head (545m).

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Jamaica has a tropical climate influenced by the trade winds. Temperatures vary slightly throughout the year, with average values ​​in January being 24-25°C, July - 26-27°C. Precipitation is seasonal and is especially intense in May and October, although thunderstorms with heavy rain also occur in the summer months. The average annual precipitation is 2100 mm, but also depends on the region. Jamaica is located in the Atlantic hurricane belt, which causes great damage to the population and economy.

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Water resources

Jamaica has many small rivers and streams that originate in the central highlands and often disappear into karst cavities. The total volume of renewable water resources is 9.4 km³ (2000). The longest river is the Miño (93 km) flowing from the Dry Harbor Mountains to Carlisle Bay Black River in the western part and the Rio Cobre near Kingston, are more than 50 km long. The only river that does not flow in a north or south direction is Plantaine Garden in the east of the island.

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Major cities

Kingston (capital) Spanish Town Portmore Montego Bay

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Kingston

The capital and main port of Jamaica. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea, an urban agglomeration of 580 thousand inhabitants. Located in a natural harbor, protected by the long and narrow Palisados ​​Strait, Kingston is the largest English-speaking city in the entire Caribbean region. Center for the clothing and food industries Founded in 1693 by Great Britain In 1872, the Jamaican administration was located in the city. Gained independence in 1962

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Spanish Town

The largest city and administrative center of the district of St. Catherine. Located in the southeastern part of Jamaica, one and a half ten kilometers west of the capital - the city of Kingston. In the 16th-19th centuries, it was the Spanish and English capital of Jamaica. The city has many monuments, national archives, as well as the oldest Anglican churches outside England.

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A city on the southern coast of the island of Jamaica in the parish of Santa Catherine, southeast of Kingston. Population - 170 thousand people (3rd place in the country). The city began to be built in the 1960s. Portmore is located on a plain adjacent to Kingson's Bay. The canal system prevents it from flooding

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Montego Bay

The fourth most populous city in Jamaica. It is located in the northeast of the country in the district of St. James and is its administrative center. It is located at the confluence of the Montego River into the sea. The name of the city supposedly comes from a distorted Spanish word. manteca (lard), since lard, leather and beef were exported from the port during Spanish rule.

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The forest area on the island is about 194 thousand hectares (1/5 of the entire territory). The most common cotton tree. The southern coast is overgrown with mangroves in many places. In the western and southwestern parts of the island, in places where the land is not used for plantations, savanna-type vegetation (cereals and free-standing trees) is common. In total, the island is home to more than 3,000 species of flowering plants, including 200 species of orchids and Hibiscus sabdariffa (from which hibiscus is made).

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Jamaica's fauna is relatively poor: birds, rodents, rabbits, reptiles and 20 species of bats. During human development, the fauna of the island suffered greatly. Mongooses, brought from India in 1872, became widespread. Freshwater fish are represented mainly by mullet; there are 4 species of freshwater crayfish. Manatees live in coastal waters. More than 250 bird species have been recorded, including the national symbol, the pennant-tailed hummingbird.

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The island was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1494. The Spaniards founded their first settlement on the island in 1509. Jamaica was declared an English colony in 1670. The city of Port Royal began to grow near the fort. It soon gained fame as “the most sinful city in the entire Christian world.” The industry of Jamaica produced raw sugar, molasses, molasses and the famous Jamaican rum. The emancipation of black slaves in 1833 significantly undermined the plantation economy of Jamaica. American companies organized large-scale export production of bananas, as well as cocoa, coffee and coconuts in Jamaica. Universal suffrage was introduced in Jamaica in 1943, and partial self-government in 1944. In 1959, Jamaica gained internal self-government, and in August 1962, Britain granted Jamaica independence.

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State structure

Until 1962, Jamaica was a possession of Great Britain; on August 6, 1962 it became an independent state. The constitution of 1962 is in force. The country is a kingdom, royal power is exercised in the form of a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the British monarch. The Governor-General signs all bills and appoints the Prime Minister. The legislative body is a bicameral parliament, consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The main two political parties are the Jamaica Labor Party and the People's National Party.

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Administrative division

Jamaica is divided into fourteen parishes, which are located in three historical counties.

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Foreign policy

Jamaica is a member of the British Commonwealth, a member of the UN and its specialized organizations, the Organization of American States, the Caribbean Community, the Non-Aligned Movement, ACP countries, etc. The country's foreign policy fluctuated significantly depending on which party was in power. Thus, the PLJ government in 1962-1972 focused on the USA and Great Britain. The PNP cabinet in 1972-1980 emphasized the slogans of non-alignment and solidarity with the countries of the Third World, and strengthened relations with Cuba. The PLJ, returning to power in 1980, broke off relations with Cuba and again reoriented itself towards the United States. Since 1989, the Jamaican government has pursued a more balanced foreign policy. The country has diplomatic relations with Russia (established with the USSR in 1975).

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Armed forces

ground forces - 1 infantry regiment (three battalions, of which one is reserve); engineer regiment (actually a battalion consisting of 4 companies); support and service battalion (training center, supply, repair, transport, military police units); aviation wing - several light aircraft and helicopters; coast guard - 3 patrol ships, 2 patrol boats, as well as small boats.

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Population

Languages: The main spoken language is Jamaican Creole ("Patois") based on English, the official language is Standard English.

Slide 21

Economy

The main sector of the Jamaican economy is the service sector (more than 60% of GDP and employees). The main sources of income in convertible currency are tourist services (20% of GDP), cash receipts from workers abroad (20% of GDP) and the export of bauxite and aluminum. GDP per capita (in 2009) - 8.2 thousand dollars (117th place in the world). The unemployment rate (in 2009) is 14.5%. Agriculture (6% of GDP, 17% of workers) - sugar cane, bananas, coffee, citrus fruits, yams, vegetables; chickens and goats are raised; shellfish fishing. Industry - bauxite mining, agricultural processing, rum and clothing production.

Slide 22

International trade

Exports in 2008 - $2.6 billion. Main export goods: alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, drinks. The main buyers are the USA 40.6%, Canada 10.7%, Great Britain 9.3%, the Netherlands 7.9%, France 5.4%, Russia 5.3%. Imports in 2008 - $7.2 billion: food, consumer goods, fuel, vehicles, building materials. The main suppliers are the USA 39.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 17.6%, Venezuela 11.7%.

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In the music world, Jamaica is known for the styles of ska, dub, dancehall, soul, calypso and, above all, reggae, most notably represented by Bob Marley. The lead singers of the group Boney M (Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett), the model, actress and singer Grace Jones, the lead singer of the Bad Boys Blue group Trevor Taylor, and Grammy winner Sean Paul became widely known.

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Jamaica's sporting icon is six-time Olympic champion in athletics Usain Bolt. The Jamaican bobsled team competed in four Winter Olympics, finishing 14th among four-man teams in 1994.

Slide 25

Holidays

Jonkonnu is a traditional celebration dedicated to Christmas, during which celebrants parade through the streets in fancy dress. This holiday came out of the traditions of the secret societies of West Africa and was fundamental in the life of slaves. January 6th is Maroon Day. This holiday is celebrated on the birthday of Captain Kujoe, a Maroon who defeated the English army. On January 6, in honor of this day, festivals are held, the integral attributes of which are traditional dancing, singing and rituals

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Jamaica Work by Nikolai Kurashev 11th grade GBOU school No. 104 of St. Petersburg Teacher Shizhenskaya N.N.

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Geographical location Jamaica is the third largest island in the Greater Antilles group. The closest point of the continent is Cape Gracias a Dios (Nicaragua). The length of the coastline is 1022 km. In the southwest there is a coral reef with a total area of ​​more than 8,000 km². The territory consists of the main island of Jamaica, the Pedro Islands and the Morant Keys archipelago, located 60 km southeast of the main island.

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Origin The Caribbean is one of the most geologically active regions in the world. Many details in the geological history of Jamaica are unknown or their assessment is ambiguous and controversial.

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Relief and geology Most of the territory (about 2/3) of Jamaica is a limestone plateau with a height of 500-1000 m, in some places higher. In the eastern part of the island are the Blue Mountains, where the highest point in the country is located - Blue Mountain (height 2256 m). To the southwest is Mount Malvern (725m) and to the west is Dolphin Head (545m).

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Climate Jamaica is in a tropical climate zone, influenced by the trade winds. Temperatures vary slightly throughout the year, with average values ​​in January being 24-25°C, July - 26-27°C. Precipitation is seasonal and is especially intense in May and October, although thunderstorms with heavy rain also occur in the summer months. The average annual precipitation is 2100 mm, but also depends on the region. Jamaica is located in the Atlantic hurricane belt, which causes great damage to the population and economy.

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Water Resources Jamaica has many small rivers and streams that originate in the central highlands and often disappear into karst cavities. The total volume of renewable water resources is 9.4 km³ (2000). The longest river is the Miño (93 km) flowing from the Dry Harbor Mountains to Carlisle Bay Black River in the western part and the Rio Cobre near Kingston, are more than 50 km long. The only river that does not flow in a north or south direction is Plantaine Garden in the east of the island.

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Kingston The capital and main port of Jamaica. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea, an urban agglomeration of 580 thousand inhabitants. Located in a natural harbor, protected by the long and narrow Palisados ​​Strait, Kingston is the largest English-speaking city in the entire Caribbean region. Center for the clothing and food industries Founded in 1693 by Great Britain In 1872, the Jamaican administration was located in the city. Gained independence in 1962

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Fauna Jamaica's fauna is relatively poor: birds, rodents, rabbits, reptiles and 20 species of bats. During human development, the fauna of the island suffered greatly. Mongooses, brought from India in 1872, became widespread. Freshwater fish are represented mainly by mullet; there are 4 species of freshwater crayfish. Manatees live in coastal waters. More than 250 bird species have been recorded, including the national symbol, the pennant-tailed hummingbird.

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History The island was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1494. The Spaniards founded their first settlement on the island in 1509. Jamaica was declared an English colony in 1670. The city of Port Royal began to grow near the fort. It soon gained fame as “the most sinful city in the entire Christian world.” The industry of Jamaica produced raw sugar, molasses, molasses and the famous Jamaican rum. The emancipation of black slaves in 1833 significantly undermined the plantation economy of Jamaica. American companies organized large-scale export production of bananas, as well as cocoa, coffee and coconuts in Jamaica. Universal suffrage was introduced in Jamaica in 1943, and partial self-government in 1944. In 1959, Jamaica gained internal self-government, and in August 1962, Britain granted Jamaica independence.

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Government structure Until 1962, Jamaica was a possession of Great Britain; on August 6, 1962 it became an independent state. The constitution of 1962 is in force. The country is a kingdom, royal power is exercised in the form of a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the British monarch. The Governor-General signs all bills and appoints the Prime Minister. The legislative body is a bicameral parliament, consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The main two political parties are the Jamaica Labor Party and the People's National Party.

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Administrative divisions Jamaica is divided into fourteen parishes, which are located in three historical counties.

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Foreign policy Jamaica is a member of the British Commonwealth, a member of the UN and its specialized organizations, the Organization of American States, the Caribbean Community, the Non-Aligned Movement, ACP countries, etc. The country's foreign policy fluctuated significantly depending on which party was in power. Thus, the PLJ government in 1962-1972 focused on the USA and Great Britain. The PNP cabinet in 1972-1980 emphasized the slogans of non-alignment and solidarity with the countries of the Third World, and strengthened relations with Cuba. The PLJ, returning to power in 1980, broke off relations with Cuba and again reoriented itself towards the United States. Since 1989, the Jamaican government has pursued a more balanced foreign policy. The country has diplomatic relations with Russia (established with the USSR in 1975).

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Armed forces ground forces - 1 infantry regiment (three battalions, one of them reserve); engineer regiment (actually a battalion consisting of 4 companies); support and service battalion (training center, supply, repair, transport, military police units); aviation wing - several light aircraft and helicopters; coast guard - 3 patrol ships, 2 patrol boats, as well as small boats.

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Population Languages: The main spoken language is Jamaican Creole ("Patois") based on English, the official language is Standard English.

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Economy The main sector of the Jamaican economy is the service sector (more than 60% of GDP and employees). The main sources of income in convertible currency are tourist services (20% of GDP), cash receipts from workers abroad (20% of GDP) and the export of bauxite and aluminum. GDP per capita (in 2009) - 8.2 thousand dollars (117th place in the world). The unemployment rate (in 2009) is 14.5%. Agriculture (6% of GDP, 17% of workers) - sugar cane, bananas, coffee, citrus fruits, yams, vegetables; chickens and goats are raised; shellfish fishing. Industry - bauxite mining, agricultural processing, rum and clothing production.

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Foreign trade Exports in 2008 - $2.6 billion. Main export goods: alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, drinks. The main buyers are the USA 40.6%, Canada 10.7%, Great Britain 9.3%, the Netherlands 7.9%, France 5.4%, Russia 5.3%. Imports in 2008 - $7.2 billion: food, consumer goods, fuel, vehicles, building materials. The main suppliers are the USA 39.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 17.6%, Venezuela 11.7%.

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Abstract on geography, Student 11A class Anna Timofeeva https://prezentacija.biz

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General information Date of independence (from Great Britain): 6 August 1962 Official language: English Capital: Kingston Largest city: Kingston Form of government: constitutional monarchy Queen: Elizabeth II Governor-General: Patrick Allen Prime Minister: Portia Simpson-Miller Territory: 10991 km² (160th in the world) Population: 2,868,380 people. Currency: Jamaican dollar (JMD)

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History The island was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1494. Columbus named it the island of Ferdinand and Isabella in honor of the royal couple. This name did not catch on; the island retained its local name - Jamaica. The Spaniards founded their first settlement on the island in 1509. By the time the Spaniards arrived, Jamaica was inhabited by Arawak Indians; their number reached approximately 60 thousand people. During the period of Spanish rule, the Indians in Jamaica disappeared almost completely. By 1611, there were only 74 Indians on the island. Already at the beginning of the 16th century, the Spaniards began to import black slaves from Africa to Jamaica as labor. However, the Spaniards did not colonize the island very actively over a century and a half, and in 1655 it was captured by the British (Jamaica was officially declared an English colony in 1670). The British firmly established themselves in Jamaica, turning the island into a large “sugar” colony - sugar cane plantations developed intensively in Jamaica. Most of the plantations were located on the plains of the south of the island. The interior of Jamaica was used for grazing. Jamaica's industry produced raw sugar, molasses, and the famous Jamaican rum. The uprisings of black slaves caused considerable concern to the British. In about 150 years, before the beginning of the 19th century, there were at least 30 such uprisings. Already in the second half of the 17th century, the Maroons, runaway black slaves and their descendants, settled in the most remote mountainous and forested areas of Jamaica, who created something like their own state. They carried out raids for livestock and other plunder, and the British eventually deported the Maroons to Africa (in Sierra Leone, where they founded the city of Freetown) in the late 18th century. In the 19th century, after the abolition of slavery in 1833, “bad times” came for English planters in Jamaica. The emancipation of black slaves significantly undermined the plantation economy of Jamaica. The importation of contract workers from India and China did not improve the situation. Sugar production in Jamaica has declined sharply. In addition, competition has increased due to increased production of beet sugar in Europe and increased sugar production in Cuba and Java. In the 20th century, the economic situation in Jamaica changed significantly as a result of investment from the United States. American companies established large-scale export production of bananas, as well as cocoa, coffee and coconuts in Jamaica. The Americans also began developing Jamaica's infrastructure (railway network, etc.). Universal suffrage was introduced in Jamaica in 1943, and partial self-government in 1944. In 1959, Jamaica gained internal self-government, and in August 1962, Britain granted Jamaica independence.

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Geography Jamaica is the third largest island (10,991 km²) in the Greater Antilles, located south of Cuba and west of Haiti. The length of the island from west to east is 225 km, from north to south - from 35 to 82 km, the length of the coastline is 1022 km. The rocky, slightly dissected northern coast is famous for the Jamaican Riviera (a narrow strip of sandy beaches). The heavily dissected southern coast has good harbors, but is fringed by reefs. Most of Jamaica's territory lies on a limestone plateau, 500-1000 m high, and in some places even higher. In the east of the island there are the Blue Mountains, up to 2,256 m high. Along the southern and western coasts there are alluvial lowlands. Jamaica's position in the seismically active Antilles-Caribbean tectonic region was reflected in catastrophic earthquakes in 1692 and 1907. The most important mineral resource is bauxite, in terms of reserves of which Jamaica occupies a leading place in the world. The climate is tropical trade wind. The average temperature in January is 24-25° C, in July 26-27° C. The average annual precipitation decreases from 5000 mm on the northern windward slopes of the mountains to 800 mm on the southern coast. Natural zones change accordingly, from seasonally wet evergreen tropical forests on the northeastern slopes of the mountains and in the center of the island to the savannas of the south and west. Jamaica's fauna is relatively poor: birds, rodents (rats, mice), rabbits, mongooses, reptiles (turtles, snakes, crocodiles and iguanas) and bats. The surrounding waters are rich in fish. Hurricanes cause great damage to the population and economy.

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Government The country is a kingdom, royal power is exercised in the form of a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the British monarch (Queen Elizabeth II), represented by the Governor General, who is appointed by him on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of Jamaica. The Governor-General exercises royal authority in the country on behalf of the Queen, exercising all the powers granted to her by the Constitution during her absence from Jamaica. On the fiftieth anniversary of its independence from the United Kingdom, Jamaica expressed its desire to leave the Commonwealth of Nations (also known as the British Commonwealth) and become a republic. Jamaican Prime Minister Portia Simpson-Miller announced this at her inauguration speech. The Governor General signs all bills and appoints the Prime Minister. Under the Governor General there is an advisory body of 6 members - the Privy Council for Jamaica, which is formed by him on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. On his recommendation, the Governor-General appoints members of the government. The legislative body is a bicameral parliament, consisting of two chambers: the Senate (21 members, appointed by the governor general, of which 13 are on the recommendation of the prime minister, 8 are from the opposition); House of Representatives - 60 deputies elected by the population for a 5-year term.

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Economy The main sector of the Jamaican economy is the service sector (more than 60% of GDP and employees). The main sources of income in convertible currency are tourist services (20% of GDP), cash receipts from workers abroad (20% of GDP) and the export of bauxite and aluminum. GDP per capita (in 2009) - 8.2 thousand dollars (117th place in the world). The unemployment rate (in 2009) is 14.5%. Agriculture (6% of GDP, 17% of workers) - sugar cane, bananas, coffee, citrus fruits, yams, vegetables; chickens and goats are raised; shellfish fishing. Industry - bauxite mining, agricultural processing, rum and clothing production. Foreign trade: Exports in 2008 - $2.6 billion. Main export goods: alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, drinks. The main buyers are the USA 40.6%, Canada 10.7%, Great Britain 9.3%, the Netherlands 7.9%, France 5.4%, Russia 5.3%. Imports in 2008 - $7.2 billion: food, consumer goods, fuel, vehicles, building materials. The main suppliers are the USA 39.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 17.6%, Venezuela 11.7%.

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Population Population - 2.8 million people. Birth rate - 19.5 per 1000 Mortality - 6.5 per 1000 Emigration - 5.5 per 1000 Annual population growth - 0.7% Average life expectancy - 71.8 years for men, 75.3 years for women Literacy - 84% men, 92% women Urban population - 53% Ethnic and racial composition: blacks 91.2%, mulattoes 6.2%, others (Indians, whites, Chinese, Arabs) 2.6% (according to the 2001 census). Languages: The main spoken language is Jamaican Creole ("Patois") based on English, the official language is Standard English. Religions: Protestants of various persuasions 62.5%, Catholics 2.6%, Rastafari 10%, atheists 20.9%, other and undecided 4%

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Culture Music In the music world, Jamaica is known for the styles of ska, dub, dancehall, soul, calypso and, above all, reggae, most notably represented by Bob Marley. The lead singers of the group Boney M, as well as Grammy winner Sean Paul, became widely known. Jonkanu festivities are a traditional celebration dedicated to Christmas, during which celebrants parade through the streets in fancy dress. This holiday came out of the traditions of the secret societies of West Africa and was fundamental in the life of slaves. January 6th is Maroons Day. This holiday is celebrated on the birthday of Captain Cudjoe, a Maroon who defeated the English army. On January 6, festivals are held in honor of this day, the integral attributes of which are traditional dancing, singing and rituals.

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Presentation by slides:

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Geographical location and description of the territory Power off the West Indies, on the island of the same name in the Caribbean Sea. Enter to the British Friendship warehouse. From the approach to the descent it is about 225 km, from day to day – from 35 to 82 km, the end of the coastline is 1022 km.

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Tourist characteristics and topography of the region Jamaica is the third largest and largest Anglophone among all the Caribbean islands. This is a true little piece of paradise with a great number of warm sunny days and an endless canvas of golden beaches: fun and new life. Connoisseurs of beauty will appreciate the picturesque landscapes here - mountains and waterfalls, emerald meadows and hidden forests. The island of Jamaica is still a prestigious resort. The famous Jamaican rum, the rhythms of Reggae music, various sports on land and in the air, on the water and under the water, excellent service, kindness and hospitality - all this brings tourists to Jamaica from all over the world. Half of its territory consists of mountains, the highest of the peaks - Blakytny Peak reaches 2220 meters. There are more than 120 rivers in Jamaica, endless waterfalls of unprecedented beauty, and mineral waters. There are native soils and picturesque landscapes, a wonderful coastline with pristine beaches, bays, creeks and coastal reefs.

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Tourist characteristics of the climate of the region Jamaica has a tropical climate. For a large part of the fate here, the persistent winds of the day and descending winds are clouding. Temperatures in the air remain at the height of the smell, but in the meantime the smell changes little. In the summer month, during the day it warms up to +33 degrees, at night it is close to 25 degrees Celsius. The coldest month is today. The air temperature in Sichny ranges from +21 at night to +30 degrees during the day. In the mountains, during the day the temperature is no more than +20 degrees during the summer and +15 degrees during the winter. On average, the river on the island receives about 1900 mm of rainfall. The flooded coast is dry - up to 700 mm of rainfall is expected here, with a maximum in the spring (180 mm). In the mountains, on the windward snowy slopes, up to 8000 mm of rainfall can fall. The rainy season in Jamaica runs from grass to dark, at which time tropical hurricanes hit the island of Inkoli and reach their greatest strength in briar and briar, but most of them bypass Jamaica.

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Tourist characteristics of water resources Jamaica is rich in clean rivers that flow from the rich mountains and mountains. Black River, the oldest river in Jamaica, flows through Great Maurras, the Great Swamp, the largest wetland in the Caribbean. St. Elizabeth has long been ignored as a destination for tourists, and the small farms and fishing partnerships here still retain the charm of "old-fashioned" Jamaica, and we will add to this place for the sake of the minds. vnikiv. In Jamaica there are over 100 rivers and streams, but they are navigable in the lower part of the Black River. Barges and small vessels can navigate them up to a distance of 48 km.

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Tourist characteristics of the vegetation and food world of the region, its nature protected areas In the center of the island and on the snowy slopes of the mountains, dense seasonal forests of evergreen tropical foxes with valuable species of trees (ceiba, kaoba toscho). In the western part and on the plains of the present day, savannas with xerophilic chagarniks are grown; a lot of cacti. The soils are especially girsky brown-red and red-brown. The poor world of creation: birds (among many endemic species), rodents, plunderbugs and cazani.

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Unique natural sites and objects of the region Significant places: from natural locations - the beaches of Montego Bay. Among the cultural monuments are the Kin Memorial in Spanish Town, the Royal House (the great governor's residence) and St. Catherine's Cathedral (17th century).

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The official name of the region, the form of government, that form of the sovereign structure of the region The official name is Jamaica. The sovereign structure is Parliamentary democracy. Capital – Kingston – 660 thousand citizens.

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After achieving independence in 1962, Jamaica became friendly with Great Britain. The Queen of England, which is represented by the Governor-General, is infuriating the power. The legislative body is the parliament, which consists of the House of Representatives (consisting of 5 members) and the Senate (represented by the Governor-General). The order is maintained by the Prime Minister. State structure Parliamentary democracy - Monarch Elizabeth II (Queen of Great Britain) - Governor General Kenneth Knoll

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Administrative - territorial division, fallow and spore territories, colonies of Kingston, administrative center and main port of Jamaica, spread over the Caribbean Sea; Moscow agglomeration 660 thousand citizens. Located in the natural harbor of the long and narrow channel of the Palisados, which connects Port Royal and the international airport with the mouth of the island. Founded in 1693 by Great Britain, after the earthquake of 1692, which destroyed the most important parts well, the former capital of Port Royal (from the French royal port) , in 1872, the Jamaican administration dissolved from the place and revoked the status of the capital when the island lost its independence in 1962. On June 14, 1907, an earthtruder from Kingston took away about 1000 inhabitants. from two parts - the historical center and New Kingston, where most of the cities are located.

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The capital of the country, the symbols of the state, the state and official language in the country, the state's holy capital - Kingston - 660 thousand citizens. State language - English language. Sovereign ensign Sovereign coat of arms

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Holy Days and Weekends 1st Sunday - New River 6th Sunday - Baptism of the Ear of the Ear - Mid-Lent 13th of the Lent - Day of Repentance Berezen-Kviten - Easter and Holy Friday 23rd of Herbs - Day of Pratsi of the End of the Herb - Ear of the Worm - Holy Body of the Lord 1 sickle - Day of Emancipation 6th September - Day of Independence (please vote on the first Monday of the 21st September - Day of Heroes of the Nation 25-27th Breast Day - Rezdvo Nadodniy Rezdvo is held at the holy "Jonkan", which is accompanied by masquerade moves and musical performances. Carnival is held in Kingston (the fierce The Lipna-Serpna hosts the luxurious "Reggae Sunsplash" Carnival in Ocho Rios and the "Reggae Samfest" in Montego Bay. The Pineapple Cup Regatta (Miami - Montego Bay, 800 km.) Luty.

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The level of economic development and the structure of the economy of the region Today Jamaica is a weakly developed economically desolate region. The basis of the Jamaican economy is the production of bauxite and the production of alumina for export and tourism. Foreign capital plays an important role in the economy. Goal. transport – automobile (90% transport in the region). To a part of the sea. Transport accounts for 97% of foreign trade turnover. Jamaica has 16 seaports, goals. s - Kingston. Jamaica is divided into six economic zones. In the western part of the Georgian region, Indian hemp grows, from which marijuana is produced, and in the outskirts of the Blue Mountains - beautiful varieties of kava. Russian hemp, as well as fruits and vegetables. ancestors of bauxite. The plains of Jamaica with its beautiful beaches have turned into a zone of recovery and tourism. On the plains of the coastal plains there are large plantations of bananas and cherry reeds, and there are also plants for the production of raw pulp. S. The inner regions of the vapnyak plateau centered in Kristian experienced a decline throughout the century economies, which was related to their overpopulation. In addition, the soils of the region were greatly damaged by erosion. Programs for economic development of the region, adopted at the end of the 20th century, culminated in the successful revival of the agricultural dominion.

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Main statistics on exports and imports of the country Behind the data: GDP – $ 4 billion. GDP growth rate – 0.1%. GDP per capita – $1559. Direct foreign investments – $202 million. Imports – $2.4 billion (USA – 47.7%; EU (excluding UK) – 12.8%; Latin America – 6 .7%). Export - $ 2.5 billion (USA - 39.5%; Canada - 15%; EU (excluding UK) - 17.1%; UK - 13.4%). At 18-19 st. Jamaica brought great profits to the English planters, who grew the vicor reeds and black slaves. Today Jamaica is a clearly underdeveloped, economically fallow land. In the middle of the twentieth century. The corn reed, which for a long time was the basis of the economy of the region, was replaced by bauxite, which took a leading place in export. In the 1980s, there was a sharp decline in profits from the supply of corn and bauxite. On the cob of the XXI century. Significant income comes from tourism. In 1995, industrial products accounted for 36.2% of GDP. The light industry is most blamed. In addition, Jamaica has a number of great industrial enterprises that belong to foreign companies and those operating on imported raw materials. They produce chemical products, machinery, tools, steel, cement and metal smelters, and are also involved in the processing of bauxite and naphtha. Perhaps the entire energy sector of the region is based on imported naphtha. In 1995, Jamaica generated 848.4 thousand. kW year electricity.

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One penny is the banknote of the country, the Jamaican dollar (international currency - JMD, in the middle of the country - JD or J$), which is made up of 100 cents. We stock banknotes of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 100 dollars, as well as coins of 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 cents, 1 and 5 dollars. At the same time, there are coins from old issues and a large number of jewelry coins, often in unmatched shapes.

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A short historical account about the country About Jamaica Columbus sensed the Indians during another expedition. The stench confirmed that there was a lot of gold to be found on this island. In 1494, the Spaniards discovered the island and named it in honor of the royal island of Ferdinand and Isabella, but the name did not take root and was lost. “From the very beginning of independence, a new constitution was adopted in the region, for which Jamaica lost from the British Union. Between 1962 and 1967, A. Bustamante, the head of the Jamaican Labor Party, was defeated. Power was divided between two parties - the conservative People's Party. the National Party and the Social Democratic Labor Party of Jamaica, although elections often ended in confusion In 1962, Jamaica became a member of the UN, in 1963, it signed an agreement with the United States on military and economic support. The United States took 1st place in exports. Importing the islands, they bought most of the businesses and banks, which led to massive thefts Through the policies of the Labor Party, in 1969, Jamaica joined the Organization of American Powers and joined the Treaty of Tlatelolco (1967). After the parliamentary elections of 1972, the government rejected M. Menley from the People's National Party. Vlada cuts off foreign capital and nationalizes a large part of the bauxite industry. Jamaica has signed and ratified several nuclear exchange treaties. In 1973, Jamaica signed the Caribbean Friendship Treaty in Port of Spain. In the late 1980s, the Labor Party again won the elections, as it voted for closer relations with the United States.

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Demographic and clear characteristics of the region Population of Jamaica 2.5 million people Ethnic composition: 99% - Jamaicans, of which 77% blacks, 15% mulatto, 5% European (English, Germans, Portuguese) and 3% Asian (Indus si, Chinese, Syrians ) walk. The official language is English, but there is also a Creole language based on English. The economically active population is 1 million people, of which 35% is borrowed from the agricultural government, forestry, fishing and the agricultural industry, 10% from the general industry, 20% from the service sector, 12% from trade, 6% for everyday life , 4% - in transport and communication. Close to 20% of the economically active population is unemployed. After the creation of independence, the process of migration of villagers from urban settlements to Kingston increased, with the greatest interest rates reception, at the pіvnіchna saving for serving tourists, as well as at the plantation of the day and sunset. There is migration to Great Britain, the USA and other powers. The city's population is 63%. The largest places are Kingston (capital), Montego Bay, Spanish Town, May Pen.

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Religious characteristics of the peoples of the region Religion - various Christian faiths (Anglicans - 30%, Baptists - 25%, Methodists - 9%, Catholics - 6%, Presbyterians); Some of the black population retained elements of African cults (animism). The basis of the religion is the adoration of the Ethiopian emperor Heile Selassie. The Rastafari movement was born among the poor part of the black population of Jamaica during the depression of the 1930s. Now Rastafari are known primarily as a movement, and not as a religion - young people everywhere use Rastafari symbols - reggae, hemp leaf, Rastafarian berets, etc. without going into their ideological content. But, nevertheless, I wonder where this movement originated, the birthplace of which was a distant island in the ocean - Jamaica...

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Characteristics of the language, writing and non-verbal forms of speech The official language of Jamaica is English, but in fact the island country is a double country, and there are significantly fewer people here who can speak English than those who can understand That's it. Informally my land is Patois - a very melodic dialect with powerful Jamaican rhythm and modulation of the voice. Mova Patois became a mixture of Creole English and local Mova, which was then seasoned with African, Portuguese and Spanish concepts, as well as Rastafarian slang.

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Tourist characteristics of the cultural traditions of peoples Nowadays, Jamaica, and especially Kingston Town, is the main cultural center in the Caribbean. Z 20's rr. XX century until her death in 1987, Edna Menli was one of the leading figures in the cultural world of Jamaica. Moreover, they were valued both as a talented sculptor and as people who supported local representatives of the creative intelligentsia, among whom were oriented towards Jamaican acceptability and for the artists who achieved their illumination behind the cordon and who created painting that was consistent with the canons. An important feature of local creativity is the strong emphasis on the historical indigenous people of the region. The worldwide success of reggae music has gained keen interest in the culture of the island from foreign youth. Great respect is given in culture to the promotion of the ideas of Rastafarianism (Rasta), a local religion, whose followers are mainly dark-skinned residents of the region.

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Characteristics of cuisine, traditions and food culture of peoples. The cuisine of Jamaica is rich in the conglomerate of cooking traditions of the Arawakan Indians, the Spanish, the Africans, the inhabitants of the Middle East, China and the British Isles. In Jamaica, “akki” is a fruit growing on a tree, which resembles the taste of eggs when cooked. Every day, have a light snack with a well-seasoned meat or sheep pie. At the main hour, serve goat or pork, with seasoning keeri and a side dish of rice and kvass. Also popular are seafood products, marinated and fried. with peppers and onions - the most extensive dish in Jamaica This is “jerk”, a word that denotes the process of preparing meat in a marinade, and then baking it in vugilla wood of capsicum. In Jamaica they call it hot, brewed drink, and it can be made with herbs, rum, milk, seasonings, and topped with fish. Skyjuice is a refreshing drink that we love. The wine is prepared with kritch and syrup. You can also drink coconut juice straight from the peas.

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Characteristics of tourist areas and tourist centers of the country, and tourist resources In Jamaica, there is traditionally very beautiful Caribbean nature, beautiful beaches, hotels of every taste. A great advantage is that the visa is placed according to the fit to the edge. Mostly wealthy tourists come here, in pairs or in small groups. Families with children are chosen more often - the thrill of the transition is indicated. The land of luxurious nature, clean beaches, incredible waterfalls and romantic amenities. The land of coconut palms and the speckling midday sun! The land of the quiet that I see there are abysses of waterfalls and picturesque rivers, mountainous landscapes and evergreen forests, the unparalleled beauty of the bays and inlets, the beautiful pristine beaches.

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Geography of various types of tourism in the region of Montego Bay - another largest place in Jamaica, it is one of the international airports and the center of a large resort area at the southern end of the island. Around half of the luxury hotels with nice pristine beaches are also located here. The resort has a large number of restaurants and lively life, and in the surrounding area there are some of the best golf courses on the island. For lovers of an active lifestyle, rafting along the Black River, Martha Brae and hiking excursions in the Blue Mountains are available, as well as showing off your skills at diving and surfing centers. Ocho-Rios is located in the center of the pristine part of Jamaica on the birch of the Discovery Bay, 105 km. near Montego Bay airport. The resort area consists of a collection of beaches, bays, islands, small ancient towns and fishing villages. Here you can choose a placement option to suit your taste and budget. Active holidaymakers in Ocho Rios enjoy water sports, tennis and golf, as well as horse racing. You can take a tour of the plantation, go down the river, climb to the famous Dunns River Falls, or visit Fern Valley. The life of the Velmi and Velmi resort is active. Runaway Bay is located 20 miles from the town of Ocho Rios. This resort, surrounded by green humps and mountains, is growing to a turbo-free end. It’s even quiet and calm here. Port Antonio is a quiet town where most of the population of the region lives. The resort is very calm, get some relief from the weather. You can see the innocent jungle where exotic birds and snowstorms linger, and the area around Port Antonio is famous for its beautiful waterfalls, many of which fall directly into the sea. The waters of the ocean and the shores are protected by a marine reserve. The famous Blakytna Lagoon is also located here - the location of the film of the same name. Negril is the most advanced and largest resort area that is rapidly developing, located 80 km away. near the airport. This resort is famous for its 10-kilometer stretch of snow-white beaches, excellent hotels and vineyard ecology. There is no need for industrial enterprises for so long, and everything is no more than palm trees. Negril is considered the best diving spot on the island. At intervals between the bottles you can add a glass of Appleton and shake the famous Jamaican rum. White House Bay is growing on the dry-sunset coast of Jamaica, and for the second year, driving from Montego Bay. This is the hottest tropical coast with innocent beaches, jungles and the only luxurious Sandals Whitehouse 5* hotel, designed in the style of a Caribbean village. The hotel is brand new - opened in 2005.

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Special information of the region Capital Kingston Language English Religion Protestants – 60%, Catholics, Jews, Muslims and Hindus – 40% Jamaican population – 96% Currency Jamaican dollar The hour rises to Kiev time 7 years (GMT -5) A visa to Jamaica can be canceled straight away upon arrival at the airport - $25 US. When will you need: a food report to the immigration authorities; Mother's foreign passport (valid for at least 6 months at the time of departure) and a return receipt from Jamaica; confirmation of hotel booking; pay an airport tax for a bet of $20-2 5 Jamaican dollars Imported and imported from foreign countries currency is not exchanged, local restrictions are imposed. Unlimited import of up to 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250 grams of tutu, up to 1.3 liters of local alcoholic beverages (including rum) and up to 1.3 liters of wine (for passengers over 18 years of age), up to 150 grams of perfume, 340 ml of eau de toilette, and gifts worth up to 40 Jamaican dollars.

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