Square- 437.072 km².
The total length of the border is 3,631 km. The length of the borders with Iran is 1,458 km, Jordan - 181 km, Kuwait - 242 km, Saudi Arabia - 814 km, Syria - 605 km, Turkey - 331 km.
Coastline: 58 km.
Highest point- Mount Haji Ibrahim 3,600 m.
Most of Iraq is located within the Mesopotamian Lowland, which is a foredeep separating the Precambrian Arabian Platform and the young highlands of the Alpine-Himalayan Mobile Belt.
Northern part Mesopotamian lowland is a denudation-accumulative plain, 200-500 m high, complicated by individual remnant massifs, up to 1460 m high (Sinjar Mountains), the southern part of Mesopotamia is a swampy alluvial lowland, no more than 100 m high. The edge of the Arabian Platform, entering Iraq from the south -west, located within the Syrian-Arabian plateau with a height of up to 900 m, occupied by the Syrian Desert and the Al-Hijjar Desert.
In the north of Iraq there are low ridges of the Armenian Highlands, passing in the northeast of the country into the mid-altitude ranges of the Iranian Plateau with highest point Iraq - Mount Haji Ibrahim (3587 m). These mountainous areas are characterized by increased seismicity.
Iraq's main mineral resources are oil and gas, the fields of which stretch from the northwest to the southeast of the country along the Mesopotamian foredeep and belong to the oil and gas basin of the Persian Gulf.
Climate in Iraq continental, with dry hot summers and relatively rainy cool winters, subtropical in the north, tropical in the south. Average January temperatures increase from north to south from 7 to 12C (there is snow in the mountains), average July temperatures are 34C everywhere (on some days they can reach 48C). Annual precipitation is 50-150 mm on the plains and up to 1500 mm in the mountains. Dust storms are common in the south in summer.
The main waterways of the country are Tiger And Euphrates, crossing the Mesopotamian lowland from northwest to southeast and merging in the lower reaches into the Shatt al-Arab, which flows into the Persian Gulf. The waters of the Euphrates, which does not have significant tributaries in Iraq, are used for irrigation. The Tigris and its tributaries, the Greater Zab, the Lesser Zab and the Diyala, have hydroelectric power stations. Regular navigation is possible mainly along the Shatt al-Arab River.
The depressions of the Mesopotamian lowland abound lakes: Tartar, El-Milkh, El-Hammar, Es-Saadiya, El-Habbaniya. In deserts, temporary streams flow during the rains.
Forests, occupying 2% of the country's area, grow in the mountains (oaks, pistachios, juniper, giving way to maquis and thorny bushes at the foothills) and along the valleys of large rivers (tamarisk, willow, Turanga Euphrates). The upper slopes of the highest ridges are occupied by alpine meadows. In southern Iraq, date palms are cultivated.
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Iraq- a state in the Middle East, in the Mesopotamian lowland, in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It borders on the southeast with Kuwait, on the south with Saudi Arabia, in the west with Jordan and Syria, in the north with Turkey, and Iran in the east. The territory of Iraq is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf in the southeast of the country.
The northern region of Iraq - El Jazeera - occupies the Armenian Highlands, the height of which reaches 2135 m in the area of the Turkish border. Further south lies the vast plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys. In the far south of Iraq there is a swampy plain, and to the west of the Euphrates the valley opens into the Syrian Desert.
Airports of Serbia
Baghdad International Airport
Basra International Airport
Iraq hotels 1 - 5 stars
Iraq weather
The climate of Iraq is subtropical Mediterranean. The northern mountainous regions are characterized by hot, dry summers and mild warm winter with rare frosts and frequent snowfalls. El Jazeera has dry, hot summers and mild, rainy winters. Lower Mesopotamia is characterized by hot summers and warm winters with rain and relatively high relative humidity. The southwestern region is characterized by dry, hot summers and cool winters with rare rains. Significant seasonal and diurnal temperature changes (sometimes reaching 30°C) have been recorded in many areas of Iraq. Average temperatures in July are 32-35° C, average temperatures in January are +10-13° C.
Precipitation falls mainly in winter (December - January), and there is little of it in the central and southern regions of the country: the average annual precipitation in Baghdad is 180 mm. As you move north, their number increases and amounts to about 300 mm on the plains and up to 500–800 mm in the mountains.
In the summer (May–June), northwesterly winds blow continuously, carrying masses of sand (dust storms), and in winter northeasterly winds predominate, especially strong in February.
Language of Iraq
Official language: Arabic and Kurdish
The most common language is Arabic, used in government and educational institutions. Kurdish, spoken in the north of the country, also has official status.
Currency of Iraq
International name: IQD
The Iraqi dinar is equal to 20 dirhams or 1000 fils (in reality, these units are practically not used). There are banknotes in circulation in denominations of 25,000, 10,000, 5000, 1000, 500, 250 and 50 dirhams, as well as coins of 100 and 25 dirhams.
Officially, foreign currency can be used in specialized duty-free shops in Baghdad, while a passport must be presented, and the amount of a one-time purchase should not exceed $200. However, in practice, US dollars, euros and currencies neighboring countries have virtually unlimited circulation in Iraq (hotels, for example, usually require payment only in foreign currency).
You can exchange currency for dinars and back only in markets or in specialized exchange shops. Credit and debit cards payment is not accepted. There are no ATMs. Cashing travel checks is also almost impossible.
Customs restrictions
The import and export of currency is limited and regulations change frequently, so it is recommended to check with your embassy before traveling. You are allowed to take your personal belongings, products with you from the country self made and goods purchased in the country. The export of any antiques (including gems, coins, manuscripts and other works of art) is prohibited. The transit of narcotic substances is prohibited and severely punished.
Import of animals
When importing pets, you must present an international veterinary certificate.
Mains voltage
Tips
Tips for service staff are 10% and are automatically added to the bill. In restaurants major cities tips are 10-15%; in provincial establishments additional payments are not required, but it is recommended to round the amount up.
When traveling by taxi, you should agree on the amount in advance, before getting into the car.
Kitchen
Main national dishes Iraqi cuisines are pilaf made from lamb and rice, with raisins, figs and almonds, yakhni, wheat flatbread with sour milk. The most popular sweets are halva and candied fruits. The most common drinks are tea and coffee. Coffee is most often drunk without sugar, but saffron and nutmeg are added to it. They also drink sour milk diluted with water.
Purchases
You can bargain both in markets and in private stores and shops.
Office hours
Banks are usually open from Saturday to Wednesday - from 08.00 to 12.30, on Thursdays - from 08.00 to 11.00. During Ramadan, banks close by 10:00.
Shops are usually open from Saturday to Thursday from 08.30 to 13.00 and from 17.00 to 19.00, most markets are open only early in the morning and late in the evening.
Photo and video shooting
Photographing military installations and law enforcement officials is prohibited. Also, you should not take out a camera or video camera in mosques, in areas of large strategic sites (airports, bridges, etc.) or try to photograph local women. Men, if you ask their permission, take pictures with obvious pleasure.
Safety
The main danger in the country is mines, unexploded ordnance and explosive devices deliberately placed by terrorist groups along the routes of transport convoys and in the areas of markets, mosques and government buildings.
All water should be assessed as potentially contaminated and unfit for drinking.
Code of the country: +964
Geographical Domain name first level:.iq
Medicine
Vaccination against diphtheria, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, tetanus, typhoid, malaria and rabies is recommended. A separate danger is posed by the pathogens of bilharzia (schistosomiasis), which are present in almost all fresh water bodies of the country - swimming in them is not recommended. Persons entering the country for a period of more than 14 days, with the exception of diplomats and pilgrims, are required to undergo a medical examination for AIDS within 5 days (free of charge).
Emergency numbers
In every locality their own are used phone numbers rescue services.
Iraq
Prepared by:
Kozachenkov Andrey
Business card
official name- Republic of Iraq
S- 437,072 km²
Population- 31 858 48
Form of government- Parliamentary republic
Capital– Baghdad
Economic – Geographical position Iraq
A state in the Middle East, in the Mesopotamian lowland, in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It borders on the southeast with Kuwait, on the south with Saudi Arabia, on the west on Jordan and Syria, on the north on Turkey and on the east on Iran. The territory of Iraq is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf in the southeast of the country. It has a very favorable economic and geographical position. The neighboring countries are rich and moderately developed. Iraq and its neighbors are members of OPEC.
Climate and Relief of Iraq
Relief
Most of Iraq is located within the Mesopotamian Lowland, which is a foredeep that separates the Precambrian Arabian Platform and the young highlands of the Alpine-Himalayan mobile belt. The northern part of the Mesopotamian Lowland is a denudation-accumulative plain with a height of 200-500 m, complicated by individual remnant massifs up to 1460 m high (Sinjar Mountains), the southern part of Mesopotamia is a swampy alluvial lowland with a height of no more than 100 m. The edge of the Arabian Platform, entering Iraq from southwest, located within the Syrian-Arabian stratified plateau up to 900 m high, occupied by the Syrian Desert and the Al-Hijjar Desert. In the north of Iraq stretch the low ridges of the Armenian Highlands, passing in the northeast of the country into the medium-high ridges of the Iranian Highlands with the highest point in Iraq - Mount Haji Ibrahim (3587 m). These mountainous areas are characterized by increased seismicity.
Climate
The climate in Iraq is continental, with dry and exceptionally hot summers and relatively rainy, cool winters, subtropical in the north, tropical in the south. Average January temperatures increase from north to south from 7 to 12 °C (there is snow in the mountains), average July temperatures are 34 °C everywhere (on some days they can reach 48 °C). Annual precipitation is 50-150 mm on the plains and up to 1500 mm in the mountains. Dust storms are common in the south in summer.
Minerals
The main mineral resources of Iraq are oil and gas, the deposits of which stretch from the northwest to the southeast of the country along the Mesopotamian foredeep and belong to the oil and gas basin of the Persian Gulf. In the Syrian Desert, phosphorite deposits belonging to the East Mediterranean phosphorite basin are industrially significant. The country also has deposits of sulfur, gypsum, talc, asbestos, table salt, clay, limestone, chromite, iron, lead-zinc, copper, nickel ores and other minerals.
Population of Iraq
Ethno-religious groups of Iraq Shia Arabs
Sunni Arabs
Assyrians
Turkomans
According to 2009 estimates, Iraq has approximately 31 million inhabitants.
According to some sources, Shiites in Iraq represent 65% of the population, Sunnis - 35% (obviously, this means only the Muslim population). According to other sources (1997 census, the results of which were transferred to the UN), in the country, on the contrary, there are 66% Sunnis and 34% Shiites
During the reign of Saddam Hussein, the country's Christian population, numbering 1.8 million in 2003, was protected by the authorities. With the beginning of the American occupation and the reign of anarchy and chaos, the country was overwhelmed by a wave of pogroms directed against Christians and Yazidis, which were accompanied by murders and robberies. The attacking side in this case are both Sunnis and Shiites with Kurds.
E.p. = 24.49 ‰
The balance of migration is positive
Population density - 69.4 people / km 2
Urbanization - 66%
Economy of Iraq
Industry:
The main sectors of the public sector in Iraq are: metalworking, electricity, gas, cement, textile, electrical and food industries. The country is also involved in the production of synthetic fibers and the assembly of trucks, buses and engines.
Agriculture in Iraq
The area of land suitable for agriculture is about 5,450 thousand hectares (1/8 of the territory of Iraq). About 4,000 thousand hectares are pastures. The remaining lands are unsuitable for agriculture. This is due to their aridity and salinity.
Crop production: wheat, barley and rice.
Livestock: breeding sheep and goats, as well as cattle. It is developed mainly in the mountainous regions of the country.
Transport
Transport systemIraq developed mainly in the middle of the 20th century. Due to a series of large-scale wars, the general condition of communications within the country has noticeably deteriorated.
The total length of railways in Iraq is 2,032 kilometers, all of them have a standard gauge of 1,435 mm
Total length: 45,550 kilometers.
There are 113 airports in Iraq, including 80 with paved runways. 
Trade of Iraq
Import Export
Weapon Oil
Food
Iraq
Medicines
Transport Fuel
List of information used:
1) http://luckycamper.net/
2) http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
3) http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
Iraq is a state located in the Middle East near the Tiber and Euphrates rivers and neighbors Turkey, Iran, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The country's name comes from the Arabic word for "coast". Iraq is clearly not the best territory for tourism, unless of course you are an amateur extreme recreation and you are not afraid of unexpectedly coming under fire or being blown up by a mine forgotten by the Iraqi military.
Capital of Iraq?
The capital of the state of Iraq is Baghdad - a huge metropolis, rich in ancient architectural and cultural monuments, going back far into antiquity. In addition, it is the main transport hub of the entire state.
Official language?
There are two in the country official languages– Arabic and Kurdish. Only 20% of the population speak Kurdish and all of them are residents of Kurdistan. However, even they speak Arabic fluently. Many Iraqis speak fluent English and French. Sometimes you can even meet people speaking Russian.
Currency?
The national currency of Iraq is the Iraqi Dinar (IQD). It is equal to 1000 fils. There are banknotes in circulation in the following denominations: 50, 250, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 and 25000 dinars, and coins of 25, 50 and 100 dinars.
Moreover, 1 dollar is equal to approximately 1.168 dinars
Timezone?
We have no time difference with Baghdad. There was no change to daylight saving time this year.
Climate?
Iraq has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. Summers here are usually hot and dry, and winters are warm and rainy. In the northern mountainous regions, winters are usually warm with frequent snowfalls and frosts. Lower Mesopotamia experiences hot summers and rainy winters with high humidity. In the South-Western region, summers are hot, winters are cool and it rarely rains.
Average monthly air and water temperatures in Iraq °C
| Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | But I | Dec | |
| During the day | +17 | +17 | +23 | +30 | +33 | +40 | +44 | +42 | +40 | +33 | +22 | +18 |
| At night | +8 | +10 | +13 | +20 | +28 | +30 | +33 | +32 | +30 | +24 | +17 | +12 |
| Water | +15 | +15 | +18 | +21 | +26 | +29 | +30 | +32 | +30 | +27 | +22 | +18 |
What time of year is best to visit the country?
The most favorable time visiting Iraq is the so-called “off-season”, the period from late March to mid-November. At this time the temperature is the most comfortable, sunny and not hot.
Economic situation?
Agriculture accounts for about 11% of GDP. The main crops grown are wheat, barley, rice and date palm. However, the main source of income for the state is the oil and gas industry. Iraq is also rich in minerals: phosphorites, clay, asbestos, gypsum, sulfur, copper and zinc ores and many others.
Political situation?
The political situation in Iraq is characterized by tension and increased complexity. Despite the constant monitoring of peacekeeping groups, suicide attacks occur there constantly. And the victims of these attacks are often foreigners. Therefore, we advise you to think carefully before visiting the country and check current information on the situation.
Religious affiliation of the population?
The vast majority of the population professes the Islamic religion. Only 3% adhere to Christianity.
Customs rules and regulations?
When visiting Iraq, you must be aware of the following customs regulations:
The import and export of foreign currency is limited. We advise you to check this information before traveling, as the amount is constantly changing.
It is allowed to export personal belongings from Iraq, as well as goods purchased in the country.
It is prohibited to import into Iraq:
Currency of Israel
Drugs and some medications
Weapon
Pornographic materials
Meat and dairy products
It is also necessary to take an AIDS test before visiting the country.
It is allowed to import into the country: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250 g of tobacco, 1 liter of wine or other strong alcohol, 2 open bottles of perfume
Visa?
Citizens of Belarus do not need to apply for a visa to Iraq. To do this, you need to enter the country through the northern autonomy - Iraqi Kurdistan. In this case, you will be issued a 10-day visa upon arrival. Those wishing to extend their stay in Iraq can register with the police by paying in advance for this service.
What should you visit first?
If you still dare to spend your vacation in Iraq, we definitely recommend visiting the capital Baghdad. This is, first of all, the oldest city on the planet. Here you can stroll through the old quarters of the city, with its uneven streets, see ancient adobe houses, enjoy the beauty of cobblestone streets and three-story houses with quaint windows and doorways.
The most interesting sights are the Shia houses - Najaf and Karbala. These are places of pilgrimage for Shiites from all over the world, where you can see the tombs of Shiite temples.
Main tourist areas?
The main tourism areas in Iraq are:
The capital of the state is Baghdad - The largest city countries. It seems to be divided into two parts,
That is Old Baghdad with narrow streets and pavements, as well as Modern Baghdad, where the a large number of cafes, cinemas, administrative buildings and foreign companies.
Basra is the second largest city after Baghdad. It is located on the shores of the Persian Gulf and is the main waterway of Iraq. It resembles Venice with its many canals and bridges, and boats and feluccas are the main mode of transport here.
Mosul is the third most important city in Iraq. It is located in the north of the country.
Main attractions?
The main attractions of Iraq are the ruins ancient city Babylon. At one time, majestic palaces and temples were built there, hanging gardens and the Tower of Babel. Only some parts of this have survived to this day. ancient city, among them:
Winter and Summer palaces Nebuchadnezzar II, Processional Street, seven-tiered ziggurat, Ishtar Gate and the famous Babylonian Lion.
In addition to Babylon, it is also worth visiting the Sumerian city of Shur, the city of Ashur, the city of Hatra - the capital of the first Arab state, the great mosque of Askaria in the city of Samarra.
Holidays and festivals?
The main holidays in Iraq are: January 1 – New Year. Nine days later, Muslims celebrate another new year - this time a Muslim one.
Ashura Day is celebrated on January 19
March 19 is the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad
July 31st is the day of the ascension of the Prophet Muhammad
October 1 is the end of Ramadan.
The festival of sacrifice, Eid-Al Adha, is the very last festival of the year. The days of its celebration change every year.
National cuisine?
Iraqi cuisine is famous for its handmade barley and wheat flatbreads. Dishes containing dates, rice, vegetables and sour milk are also common. Burgul porridge is prepared from rice and washed down with sour milk. You can also find dishes with added meat. As a rule, it is lamb, beef or poultry. The most popular meat dishes are: kebabs, tikka, kibe, kuzi, dolma and kebab.
Iraq is also famous for its sweets. The most popular are pumpkin pudding, baklava, sweet candied citrus fruits, and stuffed dates.
The most common drinks are coffee and tea. The only alcoholic drink in Iraq is arak or aniseed vodka.
How much is it customary to tip in the country you are visiting?
It is not necessary to leave a tip in Iraq, as the 10% tax is already included in the bill.
Where can I exchange money?
Currency can be changed at the airport, hotels or bank. There are also illegal exchange offices in the markets, but the exchange rate there is unfavorable. And here credit cards We do not recommend taking them with you, as their maintenance is extremely difficult.
Until what time are shops, bars, cafes, restaurants open?
Shops and markets usually open at 8 am and stay open until 7 pm. Government offices close earlier - at 14:00.
Banks are open from Saturday to Wednesday from 8:00 to 12:30, on Thursdays - until 11:00. Friday is considered a day off. You should also remember that during the holy month of Ramadan, banks are open until 10:00
Crime situation?
If you find yourself in Iraq, we recommend that you move along the streets with caution, since after the war most of the buildings are in a dilapidated state and there is a risk of their collapse, and shells are still thundering in some areas of the country. And the crime level in the country is quite high, crime is developed.
The most stable situation is currently observed in northern Iraq in Kurdistan.
