Frequent flyers may have heard the story of the pilot who, after the plane landed on the ground, greeted passengers with the words: "The safest part of your trip is over." And this is not fiction at all: this is what most air passengers think. The next time you get into a taxi on your way to the airport, think about this: what do you know about the taxi driver in whose hands you trusted your life? How often has this car been serviced? Look out the window - are all the traffic lights working? Is the road in good condition? What about other drivers? How did they learn to drive? How well did they sleep before driving and did they drink alcohol?
Safety is the sum total of knowledge about risk put into practice, and no other mode of transport is as costly as air transport in terms of accumulating knowledge about human and machine errors. So a mid-air collision at 800 km/h and 9600 meters is less likely to result in your death than almost any other mode of transport. From aircraft seats, to cabin air, to course selection and flight altitude, any decision in commercial aviation is made after careful consideration of how it will affect safety. In a nutshell, this is the most important thing.
aircraft design
Over the past 50 years, nearly a billion flight hours have been logged in global commercial aviation, fueling an industry that pays close attention to recording the continuous flow of information that is used to continuously improve aircraft and engine design. “We're changing for the better,” says Bill Bozin, vice president of safety for Airbus Americas, explaining that all this information allows engineers to better understand the capabilities of the machines.
“In the old days, wing design was experimental in nature, which was considered the worst possible situation that an aircraft could face,” continues Bozin. Today, manufacturers know what's really going on, which allows them to make improvements that are not only about design, but that really affect safety.
Technology in the cockpit
Many modern jet aircraft experienced an innovation: when the traditional mechanical control was replaced by electronic. The following aircraft are fly-by-wire: Boeing 777 and 787, and Airbus A330, A340 and A380. Gone are the days when airplanes moved from mechanized control to computerized control when it was necessary to apply enough force to pull on the steering column, comments Missy Cummings, an associate professor of flight and astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a former fighter pilot US Navy. "We don't need tough guys like Chuck Yeager anymore." The modern pilot is the man who manages information, and technology plays the muscular role in the cockpit.
The Global Positioning System (GPS), state-of-the-art displays and telecommunications enable flight accuracy unimaginable in the old era of air travel. "In the 1950s and 1960s, a fatal air crash happened every 200,000 flights," says Julie O'Donale of the Boeing Corporation. “Today, global safety indicators have improved by more than 10 times, i.е. fatal air crash occurs less frequently than once in 2 million flights.” The reason for these statistics is the instruments in the cockpit, which inform pilots about the approach to the ground or a possible collision with other aircraft. But it's not just about technical innovations and other gadgets.
Pilot
“Technology is no substitute for experience, skill and the ability to understand the intricacies of the job,” says Chesley Sullenberger, who flew the highly automated Airbus A320 on the day he and co-pilot Jeff Skiles landed USAirways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River in New York. The flight's 155 passengers were rescued, prompting the event to be referred to as the "Hudson Miracle," a feat that Sullenberger credits with experience, preparation, foresight, and focus in challenging environments.
Airlines know how important good pilots and related training, which is why much attention is paid to selection and training. Matthias Kipenberg, a former Lufthansa crew chief, is now the head of the Lufthansa Arizona training center, where many of the 5,000 pilots of the German carriers made their first flight. Starting with the single-engine Bonanza aircraft, cadets learn to manage the flow of information, learn to follow routines and interact with others.
“We are looking for people with good communication skills, leadership potential, teamwork and risk assessment,” says Kipenberg. He noted that Lufthansa "cultivates its own pilots" by often hiring candidates who do not have any experience, since civil aviation in Europe is an extremely expensive industry, and there are not many experienced prospective pilots. On the contrary, in the US, carriers expect that before becoming a commercial pilot, a person must fly hundreds of hours at his own expense.
American Airlines and Trans World Airlines, Inc. (which Americanairlines bought in 2001) are looking for pilots who can analyze information clearly and focus. Hugh Schölzel, former vice president of TransWorld Airlines, Inc. corporate security hired a hundred of these pilots. “If the wife filed for divorce, or the child takes drugs, or the blood tests turned out to be bad, the pilots may not take this into account. It's not that they don't care, but it's not taken into account when taking off. Not everyone can do it, but almost all pilots can.”
Cockpit equipment
The right choice of pilots is key, and the working environment can also be included here: it also affects productivity - even large aircraft are controlled from a cockpit that is barely larger than the cockpit of a medium-sized car. According to Juliana Fox Cumings, a pilot and engineering psychologist who has worked with the displays on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the flight controls and displays, though compact, perform many tasks, have been tested to provide the necessary information in a visual and easy to use way. handling form.
“There is an explanation for everything: why a particular control, light bulb, switch has a particular size, shape, location, appearance, material,” comments Cumings. Airplanes fly at any time of the day, so the controls must be clearly visible in any light. In addition, “pilots need to know when they enter some information, whether it entered the system or not. In case of an error, the system should respond in the form of feedback. These are just a few of the things we need to consider.” Cockpit design engineers test their work by watching pilots work on simulators and note how convenient the instruments are, whether the displays are easy to see, and whether the seat is comfortable to sit on during a long flight.
Passenger compartment
And what happens on the other side of the cockpit door? Do not laugh, but the place where you sit is given no less attention. Spacious or cramped, first class or economy, all seats on the plane meet the most stringent requirements in terms of durability and head impact protection. The seats of modern passenger aircraft can withstand a force that is 16 times the Earth's gravity. “It is as if the plane was in motion and suddenly stopped. This requires a force 16 times greater than gravity,” says David Ess, test engineer at MGA Engineering in Wisconsin. And the security measures don't end there. The seat fabrics and cushions are made of flame retardant, non-flammable material and do not emit toxic smoke. Even the backrest parts have been tested to eliminate the factors that lead to death. The cab insulation is also made of fire-resistant material, and emergency lighting is located close to the door in case of fire. This makes it easier to find an exit in a smoky cockpit, says O'Donale.
The main thing to remember: most of the aviation accidents do without victims. (Over the past 10 years, out of 301 incidents worldwide, less than a quarter were fatal). “We can hear the plane losing altitude,” Ess continues. “We can hear the plane skid off the runway somewhere. But for all cases, there are only a few deaths.”
air traffic control
Pilots and aircraft could be the stars of the show commercial aviation, but behind the scenes it's very different: the air traffic control system begins to work where the planes fly on automatically set routes according to GPS, keeping in touch with each other and with the ground. We have come a long way from the days when only maps, whiteboards, pencils, and hand calculations were used to navigate. With 28 million flights in the previous year, managing such a large and ever-increasing number of aircraft efficiently and safely is a challenge.
“Many aircraft today can fly within a single geographic window so accurately that their horizontal position remains within the wingspan with a vertical deflection less than the height of the tail,” says Ken Shapero, commercial director of GEAviation. As a result of the interaction of airborne and ground systems, clear route lines are created in the sky, deviation from which entails risk.
“Aircraft flight paths are set automatically, and for most of the route, air traffic controllers only control traffic,” says Steve Fulton, a former pilot and founder of navigation company Naverus, which became part of GEAaviation in 2009. Difficult terrain, low visibility, bad weather conditions - hazards that can cause the airport to close and the aircraft to veer off course - will no longer create chaos. “Now things are different,” Fulton says.
Air traffic control in the airport area
More clearly, the result of security improvements can be seen directly at the airport. Motion-detection monitors show the movement of any vehicle on the runway, taxiway and terminal gates, and air traffic controllers receive warnings of a possible collision. "Today, security has reached a level that we have not known before," said Dale Wright, head of security for the National Association of Air Traffic Controllers. “The risk is reduced, which is the most important factor.”
Impact on the economy
In 2008, influence civil aviation on the world economy was estimated at 3.56 billion dollars. Companies directly related to civil aviation, as well as companies that are engaged in scientific and technical solutions to improve safety, were taken into account. Obviously, much depends on how correctly everything is done. So the next time the captain greets you aboard his aircraft, you can sit back, relax and enjoy the flight. After all, you now know that the safest part of your journey has begun!
Many people think that the most dangerous mode of transport- This is a shuttle bus. VTsIOM conducted a study according to which Russians consider planes, trains, buses and subways much safer than cars and fixed-route taxis. Maritime and river transport also enjoys little confidence. Let's try to find out what threatens people with the most dangerous mode of transport.
Motor transport
Cars have long been considered very dangerous to the health and lives of people. Unpredictable roads and manual control of transport are the factors that create a great danger for road users. Self-confident car owners get the feeling that they are in control of the situation on the road. But this is just an illusion.
It often happens that accidents occur for reasons beyond the control of drivers. Mistakes are made by other road users. Technical malfunctions of cars, foreign objects on the road lane are also dangerous factors. While you are reading this article (3 minutes), there has been at least one road accident in the country. In states where aggressive driving is considered the norm, the situation on the road is much worse.
The most dangerous mode of transport- automotive, according to many experts. The danger threatens not only a particular driver, but also all other road users. About 35,000 people die every year in car accidents on Russian roads.
Motorcycles and bicycles
Even worse are the situations in which two-wheeled vehicles appear in the form of motorcycles, monocycles and scooters. Driving in this case requires specific skills. It is equally dangerous to ride a bicycle on the roads. Inexperienced cyclists ride without a helmet, which increases the risk of injury. The danger of cycling as a mode of transport is often underestimated.
In reality, cyclists often become involved in road accidents because they forget about safety requirements on the roads. This is especially true for extreme skiing. In the US, there are statistics reflecting the death of cyclists in the country: 700-900 people a year.
Aircraft
Air transport is considered less dangerous than road transport. However, airliner crashes always attract more attention than road accidents. Mourning is declared for those who died in air crashes, as this happens at once and immediately gets into the media. But society overlooks the fact that, according to statistics, many more people die in car accidents. Therefore, the plane can not be called the most dangerous mode of transport.
Among air transport, the main danger to human life is represented by private jets. The quality of their management and service is questionable. Such aircraft are not very technically reliable and are more dependent on the weather than airliners of carrier companies. Flights are dangerous in themselves, no one argues with that. However, the media exaggerate the danger of the planes. It is much safer to fly a significant distance than to cover the same number of kilometers by car.
It happens that planes crash, but this happens extremely rarely. In this case, all passengers die. Mortality in air transport is 0.6 people / 160 million km. What are the risks for a passenger when flying? The chance of crashing is one in a million flights. If you count the risks, it is worth noting that walking is also dangerous. A person who chooses his feet as the optimal mode of transport also risks: he can get sick, go astray, stumble, break his leg, become a victim of a robbery, etc.
Some people are afraid of flying because they cannot control the situation during the flight. When driving a car, this problem does not arise. Therefore, land transport is often mistakenly considered safer, although a lot of people die on the roads.
Public ground transportation
If we consider public transport, the most common are buses. They are convenient, versatile and unpretentious in operation. Modern buses tolerate any asphalt roads well. Disadvantages of this type of transport: frequent stops, low speed, environmental air pollution during movement, etc.
Among public transport, a fixed-route taxi stands out. This is the most dangerous form of transport today. Minibuses and minibuses move chaotically, blocking stops and ignoring traffic rules. Trying to save time, drivers forget about the safety of passengers. During rush hours, people in fixed-route taxis ride standing up. All this leads to the fact that minibuses more often than other cars become the initiators of accidents. The consequences of such accidents are very serious.
How dangerous are trains and ships
The train moves much slower than the plane. Therefore, it is considered more dangerous. There are many risk factors here: derailment, stop crane, sudden obstacle at the crossing, etc. The death rate on the railway is 0.9 people / 160 million km.
The most dangerous mode of transport may be considered water. Accidents, accidental collisions, storms, falls from the deck are frequent occurrences on the water. Mortality in water transport is 1.2 people / 160 million km. Many people prefer to travel by train because they feel safer there. However, statistics show that accidents occur more often on the railway than in the airspace. Therefore, if we compare the railway, water and air transport, then the last one will be the safest.
We assessed the degree of danger of the most popular modes of transport. It turns out that the most dangerous mode of transport is cars.
Probably, many have heard that traveling by air is much safer than any land or water way. And this is true, so you should not be afraid of flights. However, it is important to remember the following: There is no completely safe mode of transport! Each category has its own data on emergency situations and, alas, passenger mortality. However, statistics over the years have been saying that hundreds of times fewer people die in air crashes than, for example, as a result of an accident. Even cyclists (again, according to statistics) have more accidents than airline passengers. Interestingly, about 80% of people are afraid to fly, completely refuse to fly because of their fear of 5%, preferring "safer" land and water modes of transport. Let's see which is safer: a plane or a train?
According to data collected over the past 5 years, the aircraft is recognized as the safest mode of transport. Trains and boats are a little behind.
Let's think about why the plane is the safest mode of transport. There are an unimaginable number of aircraft in the world. In 2013, it was found that every 3 seconds, one airliner lands somewhere on the globe.
Let's imagine that with this many planes, the chance of being in a plane crash was only 0.01%, then every day there would be at least 13 crashes. The real probability of a passenger becoming a victim of a plane crash is 1 to 8,000,000. Even if you fly daily, it would take 21,000 years to die in a plane crash. By comparison, the chance of being seriously injured just by walking is significantly higher: 1 in 1,749.
Rail transport is not far behind air transport in terms of safety. Most people die as a result of road accidents.
It is impossible to keep silent about the crash of even a small passenger plane, therefore, with the help of radio, TV and the Internet, the world learns about the real number of accidents. Another thing is that any plane crash is an extremely large-scale incident, so the news about the crashes is shocking in terms of the number of victims, as well as the footage of eyewitnesses and film crews.
A train derailment is no less a major event than an airplane crash. It is noteworthy that rail transport ranks second in terms of safety, since in the event of an accident, the passenger at least partially has the opportunity to take part in his own rescue. However, for example, since the beginning of 2016, 6 large-scale accidents have already been recorded in the world, and in 2015 - at least 24. Unequivocally answer the question: “Why is an airplane safer than a train?” it is very difficult, at least due to the fact that statistics can vary greatly in different countries, as well as over different periods. However, one thing is 100% certain: most people in the world crash in cars.
Survival in air crashes
Many believe that if a person is on board a plane crash, his chances of survival tend to zero. However, the statistics are more optimistic. In the United States, curious calculations were made, which took into account the statistics of 568 disasters that occurred between 1983 and 2001. The dead turned out to be only 5% of the total number of passengers on board. The chances of survival are significantly increased (by as much as 50%) if the aircraft makes an emergency splashdown. Therefore, routes passing through water areas are theoretically the safest.
November 5, 2015, 17:29Due to some of the hype surrounding the all-know-what airline and the growing fears of gossips and other sufferers, I decided to write this post in defense of "aircraft" and aviation as such.
Here I will try to answer some, as it seems to me, questions that often pop up on Gossip and speak on the safety of aircraft as such.
Opinion: "It's terrible, in Russian aviation there are so many buckets of bolts that miraculously take off and miraculously land - every time, like Russian roulette."
Answer: this is both true and not true. More than that, I don't think it's true. Everywhere - in any country, in any airline there are planes in which something will be done / repaired that is not 100% perfect. An aircraft is a complex system that requires constant repair and maintenance; it is simply impossible to eliminate absolutely all errors and prevent all imperfections. But that doesn't make planes - not here, not anywhere else - a bucket of bolts. The design of the aircraft is based on the principle of MINIMALIZATION of damage to other parts of the structure, in the event of a malfunction of any one. Roughly speaking, if one thing breaks down, (with very rare exceptions) it is always possible to safely land the plane.
Also, it should be taken into account that any plane crash has a very strong impact on the image of the company and even the country, so no one will release the “bucket of bolts” into flight.
On trifles: an old plane is not necessarily bad, a slight shaking in the plane or, for example, going to the second round is not a reason to panic. You don't break into tears if you're shaking a little in the car, do you? It's just the nature of the road. So for an airplane, these are simply the features of the air corridor, provided for by the design of the aircraft and the preparedness of the pilot.
For clarity, we can take as a criterion - for how many flight hours a particular model, on average, had a disaster. The crashed A321 aircraft was from the Airbus A320 family - according to samolety.org, it corresponds to a result of 1 accident per 14 050 200 flight hours (and this is far from the worst result). The crashed plane had a total operating time 55 772 flight hours. For comparison, the most dangerous is the Boeing 737 JT8D with one crash in 507,500 flight hours.
Conclusion: A plane crash is always an exceptional case, caused by many factors. It is impossible to say that the entire fleet of aircraft of a company/airport/country is bad and it is dangerous to fly with them. Defects can be detected (almost) everywhere, a malfunction in itself cannot lead to a catastrophe, it can only lead coincidence .
How likely is this "coincidence"? Let's move on to the next question -
Opinion: "Airplanes are not the safest mode of transport?"
Answer: I think the picture will be indicative:
The picture shows the relative safety of different modes of transport compared per unit of distance traveled by them. Statistics are stubborn things.
Opinion: "Obviously, it was a bomb. How can an engine explode all of a sudden?"
Answer: maybe there was an explosion, maybe not. Theoretically, not only an explosion can lead to a breakdown of an aircraft. Once again, a plane crash is always very complex investigation.
Can theoretically explode the engine - maybe. The engine may, for example, catch fire - and then you should turn it off completely. History knows safe landings when both one and two engines are turned off (for example, the Boeing 737 crash in New Orleans - the plane landed without the thrust of both engines). And, for example, in 2010, even with an engine explosion, the plane landed safely (see the Incident with the Airbus A380 over Batam Island).
In a tense environment in society, it is natural that people easily see disasters as a terrorist act, but this is not necessarily the case. When an American Airlines airliner crashed into the New York suburb of Queens two months after 9/11, everyone assumed it was a terrorist attack until it was proven otherwise - turbulence and pilot error were to blame.
And now let's move on to the main thing - Why do planes still crash and what has been done for our safety?
The most common cause of air crashes is human error.
According to statistics, the reasons are distributed as follows:
Pilot errors - 50%:
unprovoked pilot errors - 29%,
pilot errors caused by adverse weather conditions - 16%,
pilot errors caused by equipment failures - 5%.
Aircraft failures - 22%.
Errors of ground personnel (air traffic controllers, aircraft technicians, etc.) - 7%.
Other reasons - 1%.
The most dangerous part of the flight is takeoff and landing due to the low flight altitude and, as a result, the lack of time to assess the problem and solve it.
The graph below shows the number of registered aviation incidents depending on the year. As you can see, the curve goes down. Further copy-paste from one site:
Every second there are from 4,000 to 10,000 aircraft in the air! Tens of thousands of flights are made every day. Every year, more than 5 billion people fly on airplanes, that is, figuratively, the entire population of the Earth. The total number of victims of air crashes is 300-400 people. ONE does not return from the flight! out of 12 million people. That is, in Moscow, conditionally, one person dies per year!
But in various accidents, the capital loses about 30 thousand people annually, i.e. 30,000 times more. It is much more dangerous to ride a bus, you are not afraid of buses, right? If a passenger takes a random flight every day, it will take him 21,000 years to have an accident.
My short commentary on possible flight hazards and preventive protection measures: as you can see, pilot error is the main reason. And in this area, a lot has been done to date - in addition to serious training, a lot of training on computer models, stress resistance tests, an autopilot has been introduced everywhere - this means that the autopilot is largely responsible for the flight, which is not frightened and not distracted, but steers the plane accurately in accordance with the data received from the devices. (from the shaking often mentioned by gossips, for example, it will lead). If necessary, the autopilot can be turned off - in case of dangerous situations, pilots always have a "hazard instruction" with them, which clearly states what to do and how to get the plane out of danger.
Needless to say, even the hierarchy of pilots and their "freedom of action" are also strictly regulated?
Aircraft failures - with the development of the world, breakdowns occur less and less and even the worst hypothetical situations are better foreseen. For example, if an aircraft loses key flight altitude sensors, in today's globalized world it is possible to quickly dispatch a rescue aircraft to guide the "lost" aircraft to the airport.
Weather conditions - and everything is fine here. Now we are able to detect even such "little things" as micro-vortices and flocks of birds.
Terrorism - terrorist attacks in the air in the entire history of aviation are unlikely to count more than a couple of dozen. It’s always terrible when it does happen, but it’s impossible to say that this is a common phenomenon that you should be afraid of.
Controller errors - most likely a relic of the past - were almost always caused by poor technique, in a couple of cases by overworking them. The technology today is obviously much better and more accurate, and to prevent the second case, the rules for observing aircraft as such were largely revised, so that the load on the controller was reduced, and his actions were checked at the time.
Generally, I would like to wish us all a calm flight, without catastrophes and incidents. The dead will forever remain in the memory of people, any catastrophe is, of course, a huge loss and too high a price for the fact that we will learn something else and revise something else.
And finally, a few more facts about airplanes from the site (samolety.org):
The plane stays in the air as confidently as any car on the road, and the ship at sea.
In an airplane, absolutely all systems are duplicated, and some even have 2-3 spare duplicates: often in an airplane 4 brake systems, 3 chassis release systems, 3 fuel systems 3 fire fighting systems, 3 control systems, etc.
For a passenger aircraft, at least two engines. The failure of all engines at once is negligible. For example, on average, a single engine failure occurs for 2 million flight hours, which is 228 years of continuous operation!
According to the existing requirements for passenger aircraft, the aircraft, in the event of a failure of one of the engines, must retain the ability to fly without reduction (at normal flight weight and in simple weather conditions) and safely make a normal landing.
For example, on the popular Boeing 737, the scheduled time for an emergency flight on one engine is 2 hours.
The engine is one of the most expensive parts of an aircraft. His price about 10 million dollars Therefore, they are very carefully monitored and cared for.
Each plane crash has its own reason, and often not one, but a combination of circumstances. Each such case is carefully studied and measures are taken to ensure that it does not happen again.
Every year, the total passenger traffic increases by 10%, and the number of accidents decreases by 15%.
Reading time: 7 min.
Every day, millions of people learn from the news feed about car accidents, derailed trains, crashed planes and other accidents that end in a great number of deaths. The question arises, how to protect yourself from trouble and what kind of transport is the safest? In order not to indulge in fear, we present to your attention a list of the safest transport in the world, according to this year's statistical reports.
This type of transport, justifiably, is considered the most dangerous in the world. This is confirmed by statistics - 125 dead per 1.5 billion kilometers. Anyone who prefers this type of vehicle is seriously endangering himself, and very consciously. Motorcyclists make up only 1% of the total flow on the highway, but a fifth of all accidents fall on this type of transport. Motorists gave motorcyclists the nickname "crunches" for a reason. The reason for this was a very low percentage of passive safety, a huge acceleration, a huge speed of movement and aspects related to psychology: a love of extreme sports and adrenaline rushes in the body. Motorcyclists often find themselves in the "blind spot" for cars because they are so small.
According to statistics, there are 35 deaths for every 1.5 billion kilometers. This is the most environmentally friendly transport, but at the same time one of the most unsafe. But, in truth, car drivers are more to blame for accidents than cyclists themselves. It often happens that the car has only a few scratches, but the cyclist, along with his transport, is between life and death.
Statistics in this case give figures of 25 dead people per 1.5 billion kilometers. The most dangerous incidents that happen in the subway are fire, crush, train collisions. A large number of people, in a small enclosed space - panic and a huge percentage of victims. In the Russian Federation, the leader in such incidents is the Moscow Metro.
Traveling by water has always been a very risky undertaking. Of course, over the centuries of technological development, now water transport has become much safer, but nevertheless, for every 1.5 billion kilometers, there are 20 deaths. Although the main cause of death remains not collisions with other ships, but passengers falling overboard.
Here statistics give such figures - 7 dead per 1.5 billion kilometers. The danger of flying in outer space is in no way comparable to the earthly one - traveling in space is 17 times safer than riding a motorcycle. For all the time of travel in space, only three vehicles did not return to Earth (the only thing that negatively affects the statistical reports is explosions during spacecraft takeoffs).
Minibus trips suggest 5 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. It is one of the most popular modes of transport among the population. To protect yourself in a fixed-route taxi, it is best to take a seat in the middle. Here the size of the car, stable grip and passive safety will already play. Unfortunately, the main cause of accidents remains the low level of qualification of drivers.
Here, statisticians give such figures - 4 dead per 1.5 billion kilometers. The development of technology has also affected cars, now passive and active safety is on a completely different level. Unfortunately, motorists are most dependent on other road users. You can be the most skillful and careful driver in the world, but this still does not insure against the fact that someone can crash into you and, as a result, you will end up in a clinic or even worse.
Buses are in third place in the ranking, statistics show one fatality per 1.5 billion kilometers. If you want to travel safely, then this transport is for you. Sometimes it turns out that the bus route has more than one thousand kilometers (for example, in Australia, a bus that travels along the Perth-Brisbane route travels 5455 kilometers). But it's still safe to travel by bus.
The train is one of the safest modes of transport. Just think about it - only 0.2 dead per 1.5 billion kilometers of road. The railroad in America and Europe is the safest in the world. In Russia, things are going a little worse - 0.7 dead on the same piece of road. If you calculate the probability of dying on a train, it will be 1 in 431800 degrees (approximately 0.0002%). The Investopedia resource cites data that says that the probability of dying in a car accident is 1000 times more than a railway one.
Paradoxically to many, airplanes are the safest means of transport in the world. The probability that you will die during a flight on a plane is 1: 8,000,000. The problem is that although planes crash very rarely, they always entail a large number of victims. Therefore, the media always covers such incidents and psychologically people begin to be afraid of flying by plane. There are 0.5 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. The Aviation Safety Agency claims that a person will die in a car accident with a probability of 1 in 8 million. And self-destructive individuals need to take a ticket every day on a random flight, for 21 thousand years, in order to accomplish their plans.
