Czechoslovakia is a state in the Center. Europe. 1918 to 1992
Nature. The relief of Chechnya is dominated by hills and mid-altitude mountains. Only in the South. and Yuzh. East there are lowlands - Pandunay (part of the Middle Danube Plain) and Potiska. Zap. part of the country is occupied by the Czech Massif, surrounded from Mon. Zap. Ore Mountains, from Mon. Skh.-Sudetes, with the West. and Yuzh. Zkh.- Czech Forest and Šumava. to the East the mountains of the Western system rise. Carpathians The most elevated part of the Carpathians is the Tatras, high. up to 2655 m (Gerlachovski Stit is the most high peak Ch. and Karpat). Kam deposits have been discovered in the depths of the country. and brown coal, oil, gas, iron, manganese, copper, tungsten, lead-zinc ores, tin, mercury, antimony, fluorite, graphite, barite, pyrite, kaolin, magnesite, etc. materials, medicinal minerals, incl. including thermal waters. The climate is moderate continental. Regular TV January from -3° on the plains to -7° in the mountains of the Czech Massif and -10° in the Carpathians; July - from +20 to +8 and + 4 °, respectively. The annual precipitation on the plains is from 450 to 700 mm, in the mountains up to 2100 mm. The river network is dense. The largest rivers are the Danube (middle course) with its tributaries Váh and Morava and Laba (Elbe) with its tributary Vltava. Brown forest soils predominate, in the depressions - podzolized chernozems, in the Carpathians - mountain brown forest soils. Forests cover more than 30% of the territory. countries, ch. rank in the mountains. In the region there are coniferous (secondary) forests, in the Carpathians there are mixed forests. To protect nature, nature reserves have been created in Ch. National parks Tatra, Krkonoše and Pieniny. Resort areas in Slovakia, more details.
Largest cities: Prague, Brno, Bratislava, Ostrava, Kosice, Pilsen.
Story. Human settlements on the territory. Ch. appeared during the Paleolithic. In the environment. 1st thousand N.E. ter. Ch. was populated by Slavs. tribes. In 7 tbsp. it was part of the political union formed by Prince Samo in the 9th-10th centuries - the Great Moravian state. The formation of the feudal system in Great Moravia was facilitated by the spread in the 9th century. Christianity. In 895, the Czech lands separated from the Great Moravian State, on which in the 10th century. A long-standing state was formed led by the Přemyslid dynasty.
Slovakia in the 11th century joined up. kingdoms. On ter. Ch. in the 11th century. two Slavs began to take shape. nationalities - Czech and Slovak. At 11-13 st. falls into the feudal period. fragmentation and Slovak lands. In 1310-1437 hrs. the lands were part of the Din's possession. Luxembourg. King Charles I (see Charles IV) hon. the state turned into a powerful feudal-estate monarchy. In the 1st half. 15th century The national liberation and anti-Catholic Hussite revolutionary movement developed in the Czech Republic. In 1526 the Czech Republic, and in 1547 most of Slovakia (from the late 17th century - all of Slovakia) fell under the rule of the Habsburgs. their colonialist policies provoked resistance. and Slovak peoples (uprisings in the Czech Republic 1547, 1618 -20,1680,1775, in Slovakia - 1606, 1609, 1618, 1626, 1631 - 32, 1640, 1648, 1660, 1711, etc.).
From the end 18th century in the Czech Republic and from the beginning 19th century capitalist relations began to develop in Slovakia. End period 18 - 1st floor. 19th century was characterized by the formation of chess. and Slovak nations, the rise of national movement, the struggle for the development of national culture. In 1848-49, the Czech Republic and Slovakia became the scene of revolution. events (see Revolution of 1848-49 in Austria, Revolution of 1848-49 in Hungary, Prague Uprising of 1848). With the formation of Austria-Hungary in 1867. lands became part of Austria. parts of the monarchy, Slovakia - in its Hung. parts. In the 2nd half. 19th century In the Czech Republic and Slovakia the labor movement acquired an organized character. In 1878, the Czechoslovyansk Social-Democrats were created. wages. party, 1905 - Slovak Social-Democratic Party party.
The entry into the stage of imperialism was aggravated by economic, social and national issues. contradictions within the Habsburg monarchy. During the First World War of 1914-18 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, anti-government protests, as well as the surrender of Russians, became widespread. army chess and Slovak soldiers and officers. Great October. socialist the revolution contributed to the rise of the revolutionaries. and the national liberation movement. and Slovak peoples With the collapse of Austria-Hungary (1918), the Czech Republic and Slovakia formed a bourgeoisie. The Czechoslovak Republic (proclaimed on October 28, 1918), which included Transcarpathian Ukraine in 1919, contrary to the will and wishes of its population. As a result of the revolution. Through the struggle of the working people, the Slovak Soviet Republic was formed in 1919.
However, it was soon suppressed by the Czechoslovak bourgeoisie. government with the help of foreign imperialists. In 1918–20, the revolutionary movement swept the entire Czech Republic. The workers' struggle was led by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC), created in 1921. In 1922, Czechoslovakia concluded a temporary agreement with the RSFSR and a similar agreement with the Ukrainian SSR (see Ukrainian-Czechoslovak Trade Agreement of 1922). Focusing on the west. state, the ruling circles of Ch. carried out a reactionary foreign policy. politics (see Versailles-Washington system). Under pressure r. mass government Ch. 1934 established diplomatic relations with the USSR and 1935 concluded with the Soviet Union. Union agreement on mutual assistance (see Soviet-Czechoslovak documents). Under the leadership of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the working class of Ch. fought for the creation of the people. front, against the threat of fascism, for democracy. As a result of the Munich Agreement of 1938, the fascist. Germany occupied the Sudetenland, bourgeois-landlord Poland - Cieszyn Silesia, Horthy Hungary - southern. regions of Slovakia and Zak. Ukraine. On part of the territory. Slovakia Slovak In 1939, the Nazis formed an “independent Slovak state.”
In 1939 he was a fascist. Germany occupied the Czech Republic. During the tsim.-fascist. During the occupation, the Resistance Movement developed in Ch., headed by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakians formed in the USSR. troops. units under the command of L. Svoboda took part in the hostilities of the Soviets. Army (see Sokolovo), including in the liberation of Kyiv. 12. XII 1943 signed by Soviet-Czech. Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance and Post-War Cooperation. The Slovak national uprising of 1944 marked the beginning of the national democratic revolution in Czechoslovakia, an integral part of which was the May Uprising of 1944, which took place under the conditions of the liberation of the Czechoslovak Soviets. Army (see Prague operation 1945). During the period of national-call. the struggle of the peoples of China against the fascists. invaders formed the National. the front of the Czechs and Slovaks played a decisive role in the implementation of the national democratic and socialist revolutions in Czechoslovakia and began to fly. the basis of the new people's democratic government in Czechoslovakia. The program developed by the Koshitsky Communist Party of Human Rights (April 1945) was aimed at creating a people's democratic state of two equal nations - Czechs and Slovaks. On June 29 and 1945, an agreement was signed between Ch. and the USSR, according to which Zak. Ukraine, according to the will and desires of its population, was reunited with Soviet Ukraine. In February 1948, the working people of Czechoslovakia, controlled by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, won a decisive victory over the counter-revolution (see the February events of 1948 in Czechoslovakia), which marked the victory of the socialist revolution in the country. The IX Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (May 1949) adopted the general line of building socialism in Czechoslovakia. The Constitution of 1960 consolidated the victory of socialism in Czechoslovakia and established a new name for the state - the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (CSSR). In 1968 counter-revolutionary forces within the country with the support of international reactions made an attempt to eliminate socialism in Czechoslovakia. But the leadership of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, headed by G. Husak, the broad masses of the working people of Czechoslovakia, relying on the international. assistance from the USSR and the countries of the socialist community, thwarted the plans of the counter-revolution and defended the gains of socialism. Since January 1, 1969, Czechoslovakia has been a federal state of two equal peoples - Czechs and Slovaks. The XIV Congress of the CPC (1971) adopted a program for building a developed socialist society in Ch. At the XV (1976) and XVI (1981) congresses of the CPC this program was concretized for the period of the sixth and seventh five-year plans. Czechoslovakia makes a significant contribution to the strengthening of the socialist community, peace and security of peoples. Czechoslovakia actively participates in the socialist economic integration of the CMEA member countries and in the Intercosmos program. 6 V 1970 between Czechoslovakia and the USSR signed a Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance. Important history What was important was the conclusion of the 1973 Treaty between Czechoslovakia and the Federal Republic of Germany on the normalization of relations, according to which the Munich Agreement of 1938 was declared invalid. Czechoslovakia is a member of the United Nations (since 1945), the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (since 1949), and the Warsaw Treaty Organization (since 1955).
Permanent link to the file - http://site/load/0-0-0-1008-20
+ additional material:
is a pearl country that leaves no one indifferent. One of the most visited countries in the world, which tirelessly welcomes tourists from all over the world, at any time of the year.
Czech Republic - homeland historical monuments, health resorts and beer. It is in the Czech Republic that the most famous resort is located - Karlovy Vary, as well as the equally famous Carlsbad and Marienbad. And of course, Prague is a city of romance, incredibly fascinating castles, confusing streets, cute elegant cafes and a magical atmosphere.
Beauty, mystery, mystery, elegance, melancholy - this is not the whole list of the advantages of the Czech Republic that attract tourists.
Czech Republic on the world map and on the map of Europe
Below is an interactive map of the Czech Republic in Russian from Google. You can move the map left and right, up and down with the mouse, and also change the scale of the map using the “+” and “-” icons, which are located at the bottom on the right side of the map, or using the mouse wheel. In order to find out where the Czech Republic is located on a world map or on a map of Europe, use the same method to reduce the scale of the map even further.
In addition to the map with the names of objects, you can look at the Czech Republic from a satellite if you click on the “Show” switch satellite map" in the lower left corner of the map.
Below is another map of the Czech Republic. To see the map in full size, click on it and it will open in a new window. You can also print out the map and take it with you on the road.
You were presented with the most basic and detailed maps of the Czech Republic, which you can always use to search for an object of interest to you or for any other purposes. Have a nice trip!
Have you ever visited the world famous historical heritage- which is Bogdanovich Street.
Thinking about it, family, friends, colleagues? Do you want to surprise with something original, interesting, reflecting the sunny spirit of the country? Lots of ideas!
- this is not an idle question. For every square meter there are many attractions: historical, architectural, literary.
Czech is a small state that offers tourists a variety of opportunities for an exciting holiday. Many vacationers go to this country to get acquainted with beautiful architecture Middle Ages, get rid of ailments on world famous health resorts or try traditional national cuisine.
Czech Republic on the map of the world and Europe
Incredible popular tourists have an easy opportunity to get to the country different ways allows you to relax here at any time of the year.
Year-round holidays are available because there is simply no such thing as “off season” in this country.
Where is?
The Czech Republic is easy to find on the world map; it is located in the very center of Europe. The fact that such a country exists became known at the end of the 9th century, when these lands were occupied by the ancestors of the modern population under the leadership of the Czech.
Read also in how to go to Europe on vacation while saving your budget.
Who does it border with?
The closest neighbor of the Czech Republic is Eastern European, located near the northern border of the country. It also borders the state on the northwestern and western borders, in the south and Slovakia in the east.
How to get there from Russia?
You can get to the Czech Republic in any convenient way, from which the fastest flight is considered. Flights depart every day from major cities Russia (Moscow, and), staying not only in the capital of the Czech Republic, but also in other popular cities.
You can find a plane ticket right now using this convenient search form. Enter cities of departure and arrival, date And number of passengers.
From Moscow to the Czech Republic are recovering buses Ecolines company. Travel time takes about 40 hours. Many tourists prefer to travel by plane to the capital or Moldova, and from there by comfortable buses to Prague.
A very convenient way to get to the Czech Republic is to go by train With Belorussky railway station V . Trains run on Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Travel time takes about 22 hours.
Map of the Czech Republic with cities
In the relatively small territory of the Czech Republic there are many cities that are of interest from a tourist point of view.
Due to the excellent communication between the cities, you can visit each of them in a short period of time.
Administrative division
The Czech Republic consists of 13 regions and the capital, and those, in turn, are divided into 77 districts and 204 communities.
Capital
The main city of the Czech Republic is a unique place that every tourist strives to visit. The capital attracts thanks to the abundance of interesting things to see, as well as the mystery and fabulousness that is attributed to this city.
Read in what you can bring from the mysterious and filled with medieval spirit of Prague.
Big cities
In addition to the capital, other famous cities in the Czech Republic are worth visiting, which feature a huge number of historical and architectural monuments. Residents of the country managed to at its best preserve not only castles and ancient authentic houses, but also aura of the Middle Ages.
Compact Czech Republic ahead by number of attractions and number interesting places many other countries. For this reason, the country is so attractive to tourists.
Watch in this video Interesting Facts about the Czech Republic:
The official name of the Czech Republic is Czech Republic. This state is located in Central Europe. The state has no access to the sea. The land border of the Czech Republic is 1990 km. Detailed map The Czech Republic gives you the opportunity to get acquainted with small cities, towns and even streets.
The Czech Republic differs from other countries in its abundance of lakes (more than 15 thousand) and mineral springs(more than 2 thousand). In the north-west of the Czech Republic are the Ore Mountains, and the south-western part is occupied by the Bohemian Forest.
Czech Republic on the world map: geography, nature and climate
The Czech Republic on the world map is located right in the geographical center of Europe. More than half the country is located on Bohemian plateau. The Czech Republic borders with such European countries like Germany, Slovakia, Austria and Poland.
The total area of the Czech Republic is 78.9 thousand km 2.
The most high point old - Mount Snezka(Sudeten Mountains). Its height is 1602 meters.
The largest lake in the country is Lipno, an artificial reservoir whose area is 4870 hectares.
Relief
The map of the Czech Republic in Russian clearly highlights landscapes that are very diverse: the west and center of the country are located in the Bohemian Massif, represented by hills and hills (Snežka is also located here), and the eastern part of the Czech Republic, Moravia, is dotted with hills and medium-height mountains (the Carpathians ).
On the territory of the Czech Republic (namely in Western Bohemia) there is a volcano: extinct volcano Komorni-Hurka, as well as mud volcanoes, which emit mineral waters instead of lava.
The karst cave complex Koneprusskie Caves, which are located near the town of Beroun, goes underground at least 70 meters. The average temperature in the caves is 10 degrees.
Nature of the Czech Republic (flora and fauna)
About 30% of the entire territory of the Czech Republic is occupied by forests (mainly coniferous trees). The largest Czech forest is located in the southwest of the Bohemian Massif. Thanks to forests, the Czech Republic has become one of the largest European producers of wood materials.
There are also many nature reserves in the Czech Republic. The most famous is located in the west of the country - Šumava Park. It occupies 125 km near the borders of Germany and Austria. Not far from the town of Znojmo there is the Hranice Forest Park, which, in addition to trees, has mountains, rocks and water streams.
The most large rivers Czech Republic - Vltava and Laba (Elbe). The Elbe, in addition, is the lowest altitude in the country - 115 meters. The east of the Czech Republic is famous for the Morava River, which is 329 km long. Several rivers that originate in the Czech Republic flow into the Baltic, Black and North Seas.
There are many ponds in the south of the country. The most popular of them are Carp ponds. Not far from the capital of the Czech Republic, Prague, is the famous artificial reservoir Machovo Lake.
The most common animals in the Czech Republic are hares, martens, wild boars, and otters. Slightly less common brown bears, wolves, herons.
Climate of the Czech Republic
The Czech climate is temperate. It is created by air masses that move towards the state from the side Atlantic Ocean. The lowest temperatures are observed in January: at this time the thermometer can drop to -4 degrees. The average temperature in spring is 0 degrees. In the summer in the Czech Republic there is no intense heat, maximum temperatures are 30-35 degrees. In October the approximate temperature is 10-15 degrees, and in November snow begins to fall. The lowest temperature threshold in the Czech Republic is about -17 degrees.
Map of the Czech Republic with cities. Administrative division of the country
A map of the Czech Republic with cities in Russian will allow you to see the capital - Prague and 13 edges (regions), each of which has its own administrative center and its own control system. Moreover, each region has several districts. There are 77 districts in the Czech Republic.
The Czech Republic is divided into three historical regions: Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. The centers of each are cities such as Prague, Brno and Ostrava (respectively).
- Prague- the capital and the most Big City Czech Republic. The city is located in the northwestern part of the country and is divided by the Vltava River into two parts (west and east). During its entire existence, the river created seven islands right in the capital of the Czech Republic. Prague consists of fifteen districts.
- City of Brno is located in the South Moravian Region (in the south of the country). It is home to about 370 thousand people. In terms of area, this city is in second place after the capital of the Czech Republic (230 km 2). A little further from the city limits there are the large rivers Svratka and Svitava. Location Brno is the Danube region.
- Ostrava– this city is located in the northeast of the Czech Republic, not far from the Polish border (15 km). The city has a population of just over 300 thousand people. The area of the third largest Czech city is 214 km 2 . In Ostrava there is the intersection of rivers such as Ostravica, Opava and Odra.
