Real-time ship traffic map. AIS
AIS (Automatic Identification System) is a system in shipping that serves to identify ships, their dimensions, course and other data using VHF radio waves.
IN Lately There has been a tendency to interpret AIS as an Automatic Information System (English: AIS Automatic Information System), which is associated with the expansion of the functionality of the system compared to the ordinary task of identifying vessels.
In accordance with the SOLAS 74/88 Convention, it is mandatory for ships of over 300 gross tonnage operating international flights, ships of 500 gross tonnage or more not engaged in international voyages, and all passenger ships. Vessels and yachts with a smaller displacement can be equipped with a class B device. Data transmission is carried out on international communication channels AIS 1 and AIS 2 in the SOTDMA protocol (Self Organizing Time Division Multiple Access). Frequency modulation with GMSK keying is used.
Purpose of AIS
AIS is designed to increase the level of navigation safety, efficiency of navigation and operation of the vessel traffic control center (VTCS), environmental protection, ensuring the following functions:
as a means of preventing collisions in ship-to-ship mode;
as a means of obtaining information about the vessel and cargo by competent coastal services;
as a VTS tool in ship-to-shore mode for controlling vessel traffic;
as a means of monitoring and tracking ships, as well as in search and rescue (SAR) operations.
AIS components
The AIS system includes the following components:
VHF transmitter,
one or two VHF receivers,
global satellite navigation receiver (for example, GPS, GLONASS), for ships flying the Russian flag, the GLONASS module in the AIS device is strictly required, the main source of coordinates. GPS is auxiliary and can be taken from a GPS receiver using the NMEA protocol;
modulator/demodulator (converter of analogue data to digital and vice versa),
microprocessor based controller
equipment for input/output of information to control elements.
Operating principle of AIS
The operation of AIS is based on the reception and transmission of messages in the VHF range. The AIS transmitter operates at longer wavelengths than radars, which allows the exchange of information not only over direct distances, but also in areas with obstacles in the form of small objects, as well as in bad weather conditions. Although one radio channel is sufficient, some AIS systems transmit and receive on two radio channels in order to avoid interference problems and not disrupt the communication of other objects. AIS messages may contain:
identification information about the object,
information about the state of the object, received automatically from the object’s control elements (including from some electro-radio navigation devices),
information about geographic and time coordinates that AIS receives from the global navigation satellite system,
information entered manually by facility maintenance personnel (security-related).
The transfer of additional text information between AIS terminals (paging) is provided. Transmission of such information is possible both to all terminals within the range, and to one specific terminal.
In order to ensure the unification and standardization of AIS, the International Radio Regulations stipulate two channels for use for AIS purposes: AIS-1 (87V - 161.975 MHz) and AIS-2 (88V - 162.025 MHz), which should be used everywhere, with the exception of regions with special frequency regulation.
The digital information transmission rate in the AIS channel is selected at 9600 bps.
The operation of each AIS station (mobile or base) is strictly synchronized to UTC time with an error of no more than 10 μs from the built-in GNSS receiver (in the Russian Federation, according to signals from the combined GNSS receiver GLONASS/GPS). To transmit information, continuously repeating frames lasting 1 minute are used, which are divided into 2250 slots (time intervals) each lasting 26.67 ms.
Text uses 6-bit ASCII codes.
Displaying information about the environment in modern AIS is possible in 2 modes - both textual in the form of a table with a list of nearby vessels and their data, and in the form of a simplified schematic map depicting the relative positions of vessels and distances to them (calculated automatically based on the data transmitted by them geographical coordinates.) AIS is included in the list of equipment required to be provided with uninterruptible power supply from batteries.
Ship movement map in real time is an interactive map on which you can online observe the movement of sea vessels. Also, by clicking on the map you can find out information about a specific vessel. The map is currently set to the Italy region. But the map can be dragged with the mouse right in the interactive window. If you want to see more ships, drag the map with the mouse to another area. Ships can be sorted using the menu in the upper right corner of the map map options. You can also reduce the map scale:
In honor of the Black Sea Fleet Day, I have prepared a short review related to maritime topics.
Brief information:
Black Sea Fleet Day is an annual holiday celebrated on May 13 in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet. The day was established in 1996.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Empress Catherine II signed a decree establishing the Black Sea Fleet. On May 13, 1783, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla under the command of Admiral Fedot Klokachev entered the Akhtiar Bay of the Black Sea. This happened two months after the annexation of Crimea to Russia.
Soon, construction of a city and port began on the shores of the bay, which became the main base Russian fleet and received the name Sevastopol.
Since the topic is maritime, there is a corresponding map - “Real Time Ship Movement Map”, presented by the MarineTraffic.com portal: 
Initially, the map is divided into squares; as you zoom in, multi-colored boats appear, which determine the location of specific ships. You can click on any vessel, the corresponding information, photo, route sheet, etc. will appear. Information about ships can be received within an hour, so the data arrives in almost real time. At the moment, there are more than 10,000 ships in the database, each of them can be found in the website gallery. 
Also on the site you can look at photos of ports from anywhere on Earth; places where there is a broadcast are collected separately panoramic views via webcams, and a lot interesting information on marine topics.
And once again I congratulate everyone on Black Sea Fleet Day!
Marine site Russia no October 15, 2016 Created: October 15, 2016 Updated: July 25, 2017 Views: 77111Based on data from AIS. All vessel positions, departure from the port and arrival at the destination port in real time. Attention! The positions of the vessels may sometimes not correspond to the real ones and may lag behind by an hour or more. All coordinates of vessel positions are presented for informational purposes only.
Search data from AIS cannot be used for routing. When searching, you will find accurate information about the movements of ships on the map using AIS data and can view their photographs. In order to find a ship, select a sector on the map where the number of ships currently located there is indicated.
We click with the mouse, for example, on the region of Europe and get the picture that you see below. If you zoom in on the area, you will see specific vessels. The map receives updates every few seconds.
When you hover your cursor over a ship, you can see its name; on the site you can get other information you are interested in for searching. To find the ship you are interested in, enter the name of the ship and, if possible, its location in the search bar and press the search key. The AIS map will show the vessel's position in real time.
What is AIS?
To reduce the risk of ship collisions, AIS - Automatic Identification System was developed in 2000. Its functionality turned out to be so successful that just two years later the International Maritime Organization required the mandatory installation of AIS terminals on all cargo ships with a displacement of more than 500 registered tons, on “trucks” over 300 tons on international voyages, and on all ships for passenger transportation regardless of tonnage.
Unlike radars, which can detect the appearance of large floating objects near the ship and approximately estimate their current direction and speed of movement, AIS allows you to obtain much more detailed and accurate information about the navigation situation.
To better understand the capabilities of the new system, let’s first understand how it works.
The ship's AIS module is a digital VHF transceiver interfaced with ships' navigation systems. Depending on the speed of the vessel, every 2–10 seconds (every 3 minutes when stationary), it automatically transmits the following operational information: MMSI identification number, navigation status (“at anchor”, “underway”, etc.). ), current coordinates, true course and speed, angular rate of turn and exact time stamp.
In addition to dynamic data, static data is transmitted every 6 minutes: the IMO vessel identification number, its type, name, radio call sign, dimensions, type of positioning system (GPS, GLONASS, LORAN) and even the position of its antenna relative to the bow of the vessel. Route information is transmitted at the same frequency: destination with estimated time of arrival, draft, cargo category and number of people on board. In addition, in the event of a threat to the safety of the vessel, it is allowed to send text messages entered manually from it.
The received information can be displayed on the terminal in the form of a table with information about nearby vessels, as well as in the form of their symbols superimposed on navigation maps (for example, in a chartplotter) - of course, in this case it is much easier to assess the relative position and dynamics of movement.
In short, according to AIS messages, the captain can absolutely accurately assess the current navigation situation. By the way, radio traffic in the system is carried out in the range of 162 MHz, that is, at a much lower frequency compared to radar radiation. Longer radio waves are able to avoid obstacles such as large ships and low islands, and therefore the range of AIS is pleasantly impressive. Under favorable conditions, it can exceed 40 miles, but keep in mind that the height of the antenna here, as with other airborne transmitters, plays a decisive role.
For yachtsmen, at least those whose vessels do not appear in the Forbes magazine charts, the subtlety of using the system lies in the fact that only simplified version terminals, designated “Class B”, are allowed to be installed on ships with a displacement of less than 300 tons.
They feature a noticeably reduced transmitter power (2 W versus 12.5 W), which limits their transmission range to approximately five miles. Another nuisance is a simplified data transmission algorithm that allows you to send information only if there is free space on the air during the radio exchange of older brothers equipped with class A terminals. The trick here is that at any given time on any of the two AIS channels It is possible to transmit one single block of digital data, and Class A devices are able to agree with each other in advance about the order in which they are issued.
However, you must agree: despite such discrimination, being in a rough sea at night, it is very pleasant to know that on a supertanker passing nearby, the watchman probably knows about the presence of your 45-foot yacht at his side.
There is another way to use AIS, and it involves installing a receiver that does not allow sending any data at all, but is capable of tracking the movements of all ships equipped with full-fledged terminals. By and large, you don't even need a separate device for this, since manufacturers like Icom and Standard Horizon have begun to equip high-end models of mounted VHF radios with this function.
Convenient, compact, not expensive, but there is one big “but” - it’s problematic to place even a text table on a small low-resolution screen, let alone build even the most primitive semblance of a map...
That is why AIS receivers were developed that do not display graphic information at all, but are able to convert data into packets of the standard NMEA protocol, which is understood by the vast majority of chartplotters. Plus, some of them can connect to computers via USB, or even transfer data via Wi-Fi to mobile gadgets running Android or iOS. Similar devices are produced, for example, by Weather Dock.
By the way, when installing AIS equipment, even an additional antenna is not absolutely necessary due to operation in the same frequency range with the on-board radio. However, keep in mind that splitters used to connect two different devices to an antenna tend to reduce the signal level slightly, and if there is a problem with a single antenna, you will lose two security systems at once.
It would be naive to believe that such an advanced information exchange system was created solely to assist helmsmen in operational maneuvering. AIS also includes global monitoring of vessel movements for the benefit of a variety of shipping companies, traffic control centers, and government agencies that may require information about the location of certain vessels or cargo. For this reason, AIS equipment can be based not only on ships, but also on coastal stations, many of which are connected to a global network.
Well, in order to more effectively use the system for searching and rescuing sailors in emergency situations, emergency buoys are being issued that are capable of transmitting AIS information with increased priority. There are also so-called virtual buoys - this is the only type of device in the system, whose real location may not coincide with the coordinates in their messages. As a rule, these are transmitters installed on the shore, warning passing ships of dangers such as poorly visible rocks or capes devoid of lighthouses jutting far out to sea.
It must be said that AIS receivers are even located on satellites. It is only on the surface of the Earth that the radius of propagation of its signal is limited by visibility to the horizon, but in space it can be received from hundreds of kilometers without any problems. Today, more than a dozen spacecraft are orbiting the planet, monitoring maritime traffic.
It’s especially nice that you can get to data on the global movement of ships without being the owner of a shipping company or a secret service agent. Information is available on a paid basis (for example, in the full version Google Earth), however, in a somewhat truncated form, it can be seen for free, for example, on the resource www.marinetraffic.com, whose interactive maps and user-friendly interface are replicated on many other sites on nautical topics.
Marine searchers can now track their position on interactive map in real time. you can find detailed information about the movement of each vessel on the map below online and even look at photographs of many of the ships shown on the map.
The map can be dragged with the mouse directly in the interactive window. Ships can be tracked worldwide. If you want to see more ships, drag the map with your mouse to another area. Ships can be sorted using the menu in the upper right corner of the map map options.
Use the slider on the left to zoom in and out on the map:
Search vessels in real time begins with the fact that you are asked to select a sector on the map, which indicates the number of ships currently located there.
We click the mouse, for example, on the region of Europe and get the above picture.
For example, this is what it looks like coastline Germany:
If you hover your mouse over a boat, its name will appear. Also, the resource has another important vessel search function.
To search for the required ship, you need to enter its name (and localization, if known) into the search bar on the map and click search. Will be indicated real-time location and position of the vessel.
This map can also be very useful for those who are interested in international transport, as it allows you to track the movement of goods on sea vessels.
And functional automated project management systems in an enterprise will help make the business efficient and stable.
On this page you can see the movement of sea and river boats in real time.
AIS (Automatic Identification System) - in shipping, a system used to identify ships, their dimensions, heading and other data using VHF/VHF radio waves.
Recently, there has been a tendency to interpret AIS as an Automatic Information System (English: AIS Automatic Information System), which is associated with the expansion of the functionality of the system compared to the ordinary task of identifying vessels.
In accordance with the SOLAS 74/88 Convention, it is mandatory for ships with a displacement of more than 300 register tons on international voyages, ships with a displacement of more than 500 register tons not engaged in international voyages and all passenger ships. Vessels and yachts with a smaller displacement can be equipped with a class B device. Data transmission is carried out on international communication channels AIS 1 and AIS 2 in the SOTDMA protocol (Self Organizing Time Division Multiple Accsess). Frequency modulation with GMSK keying is used.
Purpose
AIS is designed to increase the level of navigation safety, efficiency of navigation and operation of the vessel traffic control center (VTCS), environmental protection, ensuring the following functions:
As a means of preventing collisions in ship-to-ship mode;
as a means of obtaining information about the vessel and cargo by competent coastal services;
as a VTS tool in ship-to-shore mode for controlling vessel traffic;
as a means of monitoring and tracking ships, as well as in search and rescue (SAR) operations.
AIS components
The AIS system includes the following components:
VHF transmitter,
one - two VHF receivers,
global satellite navigation receiver (for example, GPS, GLONASS), for Russia the GLONASS module in the AIS device is strictly mandatory, the main source of coordinates. GPS is auxiliary and can be taken from the GPS receiver via the NMEA bus;
modulator/demodulator (converter of analogue data to digital and vice versa),
microprocessor based controller
equipment for input/output of information to control elements
Operating principle of AIS
System Overview from US Coast Guard
The operation of AIS is based on the reception and transmission of messages via VHF waves. The AIS transmitter operates at longer wavelengths than radars, which allows the exchange of information not only over direct distances, but also in areas with obstacles in the form of small objects, as well as in bad weather conditions. Although one radio channel is sufficient, some AIS systems transmit and receive on two radio channels in order to avoid interference problems and not disrupt the communication of other objects. AIS messages may contain:
Identification information about the object,
information about the state of the object, received automatically from the object’s control elements (including from some electro-radio navigation devices),
information about geographic and time coordinates that AIS receives from the global navigation satellite system,
information entered manually by facility maintenance personnel (security-related).
The transfer of additional text information between AIS terminals (paging) is provided. Transmission of such information is possible both to all terminals within the range, and to one specific terminal.
In order to ensure the unification and standardization of AIS, the International Radio Regulations stipulate two channels for use for AIS purposes: AIS-1 (87V - 161.975 MHz) and AIS-2 (88V - 162.025 MHz), which should be used everywhere, with the exception of regions with special frequency regulation.
The digital information transmission rate in the AIS channel is selected at 9600 bps.
The operation of each AIS station (mobile or base) is strictly synchronized to UTC time with an error of no more than 10 μs from the built-in GNSS receiver (in the Russian Federation, according to signals from the combined GLONASS/GPS GNSS receiver). To transmit information, continuously repeating frames lasting 1 minute are used, which are divided into 2250 slots (time intervals) each lasting 26.67 ms.
Text uses 6-bit ASCII codes.
Displaying information about the environment in modern AIS is possible in 2 modes - both textual in the form of a table with a list of nearby vessels and their data, and in the form of a simplified schematic map depicting the relative positions of vessels and distances to them (calculated automatically based on the data transmitted by them geographic coordinates.) AIS is included in the list of equipment that is required to be provided with uninterruptible battery power.
Message structure
Static information
MMSI number
International Maritime Organization (IMO) number
Radio call sign and name of the craft
Dimensions
Type of craft
Antenna location data (from GNSS Glonass or GPS)
Data is transmitted every 6 minutes
Dynamic information
Location (latitude and longitude)
Time (UTC)
Age of information (how long ago it was updated)
True heading (relative to the ground), heading angle
True speed
Roll angle, trim
Pitch angle
Angular rate of turn
Navigation status (for example: Unable to steer or Limited ability to maneuver)
And other information from repeaters and sensors of electro-radio navigation devices and systems
Other information
Destination
Arrival time (ETA)
Vessel draft
Cargo information (cargo class/category)
Number of people on board
Messages for warning and safety of cargo transportation
The throughput of each channel is up to 2000 messages per minute.
Source wikipedia
MarineTraffic
This open, community project is designed to collect and present data that can be used in research such as:
- Study of maritime telecommunications regarding efficiency and propagation parameters
- Simulation of ship traffic to assist in the field of maritime safety and resolution of critical situations
- Interactive design information systems
- Design of databases that provide information in real time
- Statistical processing of port traffic using applications in operational research
- Development of applications for identifying sources of pollution
- Development of efficient algorithms for sea route and estimation to determine the estimated time of arrival of the vessel
- Correlation of the received information with meteorological data
- Cooperation with Institutes involved in environmental protection.
This project provides free, real-time information to the public about ship movements primarily along the coastlines of many countries around the world.
The project is currently being organized by the Department of Products and Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Greece.
Primary data collection is based on the Automatic Identification System (AIS).
There is a constant search for partners to work in the community.
They will have an AIS receiver installed and will be able to share their area data with others to cover as many destinations and ports around the world as possible.
The system is built on the basis of AIS (Automatic Identification System). Since December 2004, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has required that every ship over 299 GT be equipped with an AIS transmitter, which transmits position, speed, course and various static information such as the ship's name, dimensions and flight details.
AIS was originally intended to help ships avoid collisions and also to assist port authorities to better manage maritime traffic.
The AIS transponder on board a vessel includes a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver and a VHF transmitter that transmits data on the vessel's movement on two channels (frequencies 161.975 MHz and 162.025 MHz) and makes this data available to the public. Other vessels or base stations can receive this information and, using special software, display the vessel's location on a chartplotter or computer.
Typically, ships with an SAI receiver connected to an external antenna located 15 m above sea level will receive information in a range of 15-20 nautical miles. Base station located at higher altitude, can extend the reception range to 40-60 nautical miles, even behind mountains, depending on terrain, antenna type, obstacles around the antenna and weather conditions. The most important factor is the height of the antenna. The higher the better. For example, an antenna located on a mountain at an altitude of 700 m can receive signals from ships at a distance of 200 nautical miles!
Base stations that reliably cover a range of 40 nautical miles can periodically receive signals from more distant ships.
The base station is equipped with a marine band antenna, an AIS receiver and a computer connected to the Internet.
The AIS device receives data, which is processed using simple software on a PC, and then this data is sent to a central database via a web service. The software is free to interested users under the GNU license.
The data received by the AIS receiver is encoded into a single NMEA sentence (64-bit plain text).
Example: !AIVDM,1,1,B,1INS<8@P001cnWFEdSmh00bT0000,0*38
Messages include three main types:
1. Dynamic information - vessel position, speed, current position, course and rate of turn.
2. Static information - vessel name, IMO number, MMSI, dimensions.
3. Special information - purpose, ETA and projects.
The central database receives and processes a large amount of data, and stores the most important parts of it. It also includes port and area geographic information, photographs of the vessel and other information. The current positions of the vessel and/or track are displayed on the map using the Google map API.
The received data is loaded into the database in real time and, therefore, it is immediately highlighted on the map. However, some positions shown on the chart may not be constantly updated (for example, when a ship moves out of range). Vessel positions shown on the chart may be up to 1 hour out of date.
The MarineTraffic system only covers certain coastal areas where land-based AIS receiving base stations are installed.
Possible reasons why ship positions are not displayed on the map are as follows:
- The vessel is not equipped with an AIS transponder, the transponder does not work or does not work correctly;
- The vessel is in an area where there is no base AIS receiving station nearby;
- The transponder power is not sufficient for normal reception of signals by the ground station. The power of class A transponders is much lower than the power of class B transponders.
It also depends on the type and height of the antenna and the type of cable.
- AIS transponder is not configured correctly.
Map icons may be slow to display. This may be due to too many vessels being displayed, web technology, javascript and web browsers.
The Internet Explorer browser (especially version 6 and older) is very ineffective in web applications of this kind.
The following browsers show significantly better performance and we suggest using one of them: Opera, Chrome, Firefox.
The system can receive the positions of vessels that have not yet transmitted static information (name, dimensions, etc.) This happens because static vessels transmit information less frequently. In this case, instead of the vessel's name, its MMSI will be displayed (for example, 239923000). There is also a small possibility of incorrect or corrupted data recording. This occurs due to the following reasons:
a) malfunction of the vessel’s AIS transponder
b) Global Positioning System (GPS) error and
c) failure of the ship's crew to correctly configure the information transmitted by the AIS transponder (this refers to static information, such as ship name, type and dimensions, as well as destination and estimated time of arrival).
The system is based solely on information received from ships transmitted by their AIS transponder.
Therefore, correct configuration of the AIS transponder by the crew is very important! In particular, the person who is responsible for operating the AIS transponder can greatly assist in the correct presentation of vessel information by taking care of the following:
a) Correct updating and verification of Static Information that is recorded in the AIS block. These include: vessel name, vessel type, vessel dimensions, IMO, MMSI number, AIS device relative position.
b) Properly updating Travel Information, i.e. destination, ETA and draft, before commencement of each voyage. If this information is correct, the vessel will appear in "Expected Arrival" for each port and an estimated arrival time will be provided for all parties involved. One port should be entered each time, and any additional information (such as country or multiple ports) should be avoided.
Moving ships are displayed as ship icons. Vessels that are not moving or moving at a speed of less than 0.5 knots, are anchored or moored are displayed as squares.
Ship icons and tracks are colored according to their type (cargo, tanker, passenger, etc.)
The MarineTraffic system can be expanded to cover any area around the world. You can independently install an antenna, an AIS receiver, connect it to a computer connected to the Internet and start sending data immediately. You will immediately see on the map the vessels that were received by your receiver. For those who wish to have their area covered on the map, an acknowledgment on the main site, links to a company or personal site, or any other links upon request are included.
If you have a private sailboat that is within MarineTraffic's coverage area, you can install an AIS transponder on board to record your position on a map in real time. Installing an AIS transponder on small boats is optional and you are permitted to use a CLASS “B” transponder. CLASS "B" is cheaper than CLASS "A". CLASS B transponders are intended for ships with a displacement of less than 300GT. Price from 700 to 2000 euros.
Additionally, you can use the iAIS app on your smartphone (iPhone/iPad or Android) on board to report your vessel's position directly to MarineTraffic, without having to operate an AIS transponder.
There are at least 5 different methods for submitting your own position in MarineTraffic.
