Lecture 2 hours.
· The length of the car is 22.5 meters.
"OPTIMA-850 S",
:
FU - fuse
FV - lightning arrester
QF - circuit breaker
G - generator
GB - battery
K - contactors, relays
KV - voltage relay
KM - contactor
L - inductor
SA - switch
SF - VU
X - contact connections
XA - pantograph
XT - detachable connection
XTA - emergency start (switch contacts)
XT3 - rear post
Y - mechanical device with electromagnetic drive
YA - electropneumatic valves
YB - BRT coils
HL - warning lamps
HA - call
The low-voltage circuits are powered by two batteries, each of which is switched on by its own VNC. The batteries are connected in parallel, voltage 24 volts, total capacity 250 A/hour. Each battery has its own 200 amp fuse ( FU-11 and FU-12). Power to the low-voltage circuit from the battery is connected using the KCU contactor (the “Battery” toggle switch on the additional remote control, the KCU contactor protects the fuse FU-19).
Procedure for checking batteries.
Each battery is tested separately. To turn on one or the other battery, you must turn on the corresponding VNC and the “Battery” toggle switch on the additional remote control. Checking the performance of the battery under load is carried out in the same way as on the LM-68M car, by turning on the rail brake from the switch on the remote control. The discharge current reading on the ammeter of low-voltage circuits should be within 120 amperes, because There are 6 rail brake shoes installed on the car; the battery voltage according to the low-voltage circuit voltmeter must be at least 16 volts. BRT coils are protected by fuses FU-13, FU-14 and FU-15.
Topic No. 6. CONTROL OF THE CAR FROM AN ADDITIONAL CONTROL PANEL ON THE REAR PLACE (FROM THE REAR POST).
In order to switch to control of the LVS-86K tram car from an additional control post on the rear platform (rear post), you must:
· Stop the carriage.
· Set the HF handle to “0”.
· Make sure that all doors of the carriage are closed, close the doors if necessary.
· Remove the reverse shaft handle and take it with you.
· Turn on the “Rear post” switch (SU) in the driver’s cabin.
· Go to the rear platform of the car, open the rear post cover and place it on the stop.
· Install the reverse shaft handle on the rear post HF.
· Press the “Unlock” button and hold it until the end of the work, because This is PB's understudy.
When controlling a tram car from the rear position, all wires of the control circuit work, both in the running and brake positions. To move the car you need to use only “X-M” and “X-1”. All brakes operate in the braking positions: electrodynamic, electromagnetic (rail) and mechanical. From the rear post you can open and close doors, turn on the turn signal, and sound the horn.
When switching to controlling the car from the driver’s cabin, it is necessary to turn off the “Rear Post” switch. Otherwise, automatic additional braking will not work on the car, because When the rear post switch is on, wire 9 loses power.
FEATURES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ARTICULATE TRAM CAR “LVS-86K”.
Lecture material for conducting classes with students of tram driver training groups.
Topic No. 1. DESIGN FEATURES OF THE “LVS-86K” CAR.
Lecture 2 hours.
The name of the car “LVS-86K” is deciphered as follows: Leningrad articulated car, design year - 1986, contactor design. First, let’s briefly get acquainted with the entire model range of cars of the “LVS-86” type:
· Car “LVS-86K” is an articulated car of contactor design.
· The car “LVS-86 TISU” is an articulated car with a thyristor-pulse control system, two-module.
· The LVS-86 MERA car is an articulated car with a thyristor-pulse control system, single-module. The abbreviation “MERA” consists of the first letters of two names: the organization that designed and the manufacturer of the electronic “filling” of this car: these are the Moscow Energy Institute and the St. Petersburg Joint Stock Company “Radiopribor”.
We will not study cars equipped with TISU; there are literally only a few of them left in the city, but we will talk in detail about the LVS-86K tram car.
Brief technical specifications car "LVS-86K".
· The length of the car is 22.5 meters.
· Car weight – 29.3 – 29.5 tons.
· Braking performance at rated load: service braking – 70 meters, emergency braking – 36 meters.
· Braking performance of an empty car: service braking – 64 meters, emergency braking – 25 meters, emergency braking – 62 meters.
· Traction electric motors – DK-259 G-3.
· Normal passenger capacity – 196 people, maximum passenger capacity – 305 people.
· Design speed of the car is 57 km/h.
The LVS-86K car has three bogies, two of which have traction electric motors. The middle trolley, which is called the support trolley, does not have engines, but a mechanical brake (brake bush) is installed on each wheel pair. As a power source for low-voltage circuits, two batteries are mounted on the car, each of which has its own low-voltage circuit breaker (VNC). When accepting and switching on the car, first one battery is checked, then the other and, finally, both batteries are checked together. On cars that have undergone a major overhaul, one lead-acid maintenance-free recombination battery is installed "OPTIMA-850 S", made using spiral element technology.
To perform shunting operations, the car is equipped with an additional control post on the rear platform, which is called the “rear post”. The rear post allows the driver to independently control the tram car, which is moving in reverse, without involving other persons to control and ensure traffic safety.
In the event of a control circuit malfunction, the car can be removed from the line and to the nearest terminal station or to the depot using the emergency start system with which the car is equipped. The operation of the system will be discussed during the study of a special topic.
This type of car is equipped with an emergency shutdown system for traction motors in the event of a cardan shaft break, a fire in the equipment compartment (high-voltage cabinet), as well as when the door to the equipment compartment is opened while the car is moving. An additional signal lamp is installed on the control panel to monitor the return of the main control valve to the first position. Cars of the LS-86K type can operate using a system of many units.
New designations of devices in the electrical circuit:
FU - fuse
FV - lightning arrester
After a long time, this is my first report, which I am already doing “in civilian life,” but about the events that took place during my service in St. Petersburg. Many reports have accumulated both during the service period and since last year, and it seems that this lump can no longer be cleared up. However, I aim to do this and breathe life into my dormant blog. Today I’ll tell you about my acquaintance with the St. Petersburg tram, as I saw it. I promised to tell you - I keep it.
The tram itself is a rather unique transport. This is a miniature railway running through city streets, under someone’s own window. But the trains here are also adapted to urban conditions - they are of a special size, can pass ultra-small radius curves and have a large passenger capacity. In many cities, the tram is dying out due to unprofitability; in some places, only a small section with a couple of routes remains of the once extensive network, and in others there is only one route with one single tram, running 4 times a day.
The St. Petersburg tram is unique in its own way. Until recently, the city completely provided itself with tram equipment, and it is on the streets of St. Petersburg that you can find cars such as LM or LAN, as well as numerous track and repair cars based on them. The old LM-68M (in the language of tram drivers "Mashki") is now being modernized and modern models LM-68M2 and LM-68M3 are being made on their basis. At the moment, on the streets of St. Petersburg you can find carriages from the Ust-Katavsky and Tver factories, imported Alstoms and even one UralTransMashevsky carriage.
The St. Petersburg tram has distinctive feature, which consists in the color designation of routes. Colored lights, “spotlights,” were invented so that passengers from afar could distinguish their tram number. Color combinations are repeated several times, but it is impossible to find routes with the same color combinations in one place - everything is distributed across different areas of the city.
What prompted me to photograph these miniature city trips? Everything is quite prosaic - several times when I took leave on Sunday, when they let me go in the morning, I was transferred to Saturday, when I could only leave at lunchtime. Stump of dismissal railway to dedicate it would be very unproductive, and therefore I decided to perpetuate such street equipment as a souvenir. When will you have another opportunity to explore it? Next time, in civilian life, I certainly won’t waste time on something like this, but then, when I just needed to spend my time somewhere, this was just the thing.
Of course, such moments with reassignment to dismissal were very upsetting. For example, on May 22, 2016, a grand parade of all kinds of retro equipment was planned, which was supposed to take place, on top of everything else, in good weather. I carefully thought through the plan for filming this event, but I was forced to ride in the rain on rail roads in rattling LANs, sadly sipping beer, looking out the window through the glass cut by drops on the afternoon of May 21.
Let's plunge into those days and look at the variety of tram technology in St. Petersburg. We start our journey from the Finlyandsky Station along Botkinskaya Street, where near the Square of Military Medics we stand under the linden trees and hide from the rain. Six runs past - one of the few routes close to the center of St. Petersburg. The St. Petersburg tram itself is developed on the outskirts, and in the center there are mainly retro excursion cars.
1. Here comes the 3506+3505 clutch from LM68M3 - OEVRZshnoy alteration of the old LM68M, a rather fresh craft this year. Looks cool, but very noisy. The sixth route is two blue spotlights, or “SS”, as I call this combination for short.
2. For a long time nothing comes towards us, but finally a neat LAN-86K number 3472 taxis out, with the wrong number 6 on the route sign.
3. But the next one is the same LAN-86K number 3053, 5 years older than the previous one and a different color, more shabby in appearance and with fogged up windows.
4. What is coming from Finban? An unusual combination of "KZh" and route 64. Yeah, park paddock, “nulevka” in the dialect of tram drivers. LAN-86K number 3035. This tram is already 25 years old.
5. And then my six 3472 turned around, we got into it, bought a ticket and went! By the way, the wrong 6 suddenly became correct.
6. The tram thunders along the curved Kronverksky Avenue, skirting Petropavlovka, turning towards Sportivnaya. We’ll get out there - it’s interesting to capture something against the background of the stadium, especially since another route is being added there - the fortieth “ZZ”.
Here you come across a modernized LAN-86K-M, an ancient one that passed the CVR in 2003.
7. And here is the “magpie,” also a modernized LAN-86K, but much more recent, KVR 2014.
8. But another old LAN-86K No. 3474 crawls out from Bolshoy Petrogradka Avenue onto Dobrolyubov Avenue.
9. And here is a very rare model of a tram at the moment - the classic “Mashka” LM-68M, there are less than 30 of these left in operation. This carriage is almost 30 years old. There are only such cars left in parks 5 and 7.
10. It's time to change your dislocation and move closer to the center. There we’ll have a snack in canteen No. 1 on Marata, and at the same time we’ll see what lives there. Here is one example - route 49 "SK" represented by LAN-86K No. 1096.
11. At the intersection of Kolomenskaya Street and Kuznechny Lane there is another forty-ninth. This tram is interesting in its own way - it is no longer the usual 86th model, but the 97th. It differs in the location of the middle trolley - not on the joint, but under the first half, as well as in the location of the doors in the first section - both hinged doors are in the center. There are also a lot of small details such as more widely spaced buffer lights, red piping on the roof, and so on. LAN-97K No. 1031.
12. After that, fate threw me all the way to Avtovo on Paratroopers Street. I went to Strelna, but didn’t get there - the tracks were being repaired. There are only LANs living there, and I won’t post all their photos - there are already a lot of them in the report. But I'll show you some. Here are 60 "BS" LAN-86K No. 8168.
13. Here 36 "KK" deviates from its usual route. Again the usual LAN.
14. And here is another 97th model. Here you can see the differences in both the middle cart and the doors. LAN-97K No. 8104.
15. Small experiments with wiring. LM-99K No. 8332. Such trams can also be found in Moscow.
16. Wiring again and the boring LAN-86K.
After this tram epic, I still decided to take a chance and have time to photograph the thermal electric train on the Primorskaya line, and I did, but I’ll tell you about this separately - this is a whole separate story.
Meanwhile, we are moving to another day - June 4, when I had no choice but to implement one of my ideas, namely, to hunt for a three-ruble coin, filming it on bridges. And of course, the first bridge was the bridge over the Kryukov Canal on Sadovaya street. It is called Staro-Nikolsky, and the Nikolsky Monastery is visible in the background.
17. 71-631-02 №5215
18. Wider angle. 71-631-02 No. 5216.
19. But every time the BKMs were driving, the sun tried to hide in a cloud. BKM 84300M No. 5211.
20. Another one like this. No. 5212.
21. But when the KTM drove by, it was certainly in the sun.
22. On route 16 "BZ" the same LM-99AVN operate, which are so identical and clean that they differ only in number. Here is one of these walking across the bridge over the Fontanka.
23. And here is Sadovaya again, the lapel in front of Pokrovsky Square. What's rolling behind you?
24. And behind them trudges the retro tube car MS-4. You can meet him in St. Petersburg without much effort - you just need to come to the city center, and the carriage will find you on its own.
25. But we will wait for at least one BKMku in the sun and move on.
26. The old man stands at the fork, letting the young people through.
27. The old carriage stood for a while and then moved back.
28. There were many different trams, but AVNki were the best.
29. Meeting of two KTM “three rubles”.
30. LM-99AVN No. 1368 storms the Malo-Kalinkin bridge.
31. Also AVN, also Malo-Kalinkin Bridge, but in profile.
32. LAN-86K No. 8132 on route 41. It also has two green spotlights, like the adjacent 40th, but here they don’t light up. The tram also has an interesting asymmetrical current collector.
33. But here is the already familiar LAN-86K, not KVRenny, with the spotlights on.
Well, in conclusion, the previously mentioned service car S-577, converted from a regular LM-68M. All service equipment, including training trams or pens, are indicated by two red spotlights. But provided that they don’t neglect this, or the equipment even has these spotlights. But here the tram has a flashing light - also not bad.
34. S-577 on Novocherkassky Avenue.
Here is a short excursion into the rather extensive topic of the St. Petersburg tram. This is only a small part, but quite enough for a first acquaintance. I’m not sure that I’ll ever purposefully photograph them on the streets of St. Petersburg again, but who knows... With this, I’m returning to the railway theme of the blog and setting a course for its revitalization. I won’t be able to sort out any of them, but I’ll definitely tell you about the most interesting ones.
186 (5 people/m²)
387 (8 people/m²)
incandescent lamps "tablet" type
after KRM luminescent
4 x two stage
Story
After successful experience with articulated carriages of the type LAN-66 And LAN-80, the plant was supposed to produce a modified model of the articulation and body of the car, in connection with this, in 1986 at the VARZ plant (later PTMZ) a prototype of the LAN-86 model was developed. Unlike the LVS-80, the equipment and cabin were changed to those of the LM-68M.
Since 1990, the cars have been produced with minor changes: the first door was half given to the driver, half remained in the cabin; the seats were installed according to the 1+1 scheme (before that they were installed according to the 2+1 scheme).
The last LVS-86 car was released in September 1997 with corrugations on the sides of the body, which were removed in 2008 during a major overhaul. Works in tram depot No. 7 under number 7030.
Overhaul and restoration
In 1998-2003, major repairs of cars were carried out at PTMZ. During the CD, only the equipment and handrails in the cars were replaced (handrails from LM-99 were installed). In 2006-2008, the procedure took place in tram depot No. 1, lighting was replaced (sometimes) and seats (installed from LM-99).
In 2002-2004 At PTMZ, the LVS-86T and LVS-86M cars were upgraded to contactor ones, as a result of which they received the designation LVS-86K-M (some LVS-86T cars were converted into LVS-86K in 2000-2001). A new driver's cab and equipment were installed, new seats were installed in the interiors, and a second electrical cabinet was removed. In September 2016, LAN-86T No. 3210 was converted into asynchronous. There are only 2 real LAN-86Ts left in the city.
Currently (2016) the CWR provides for:
- replacement of the driver's cabin mask (installation of a mask from LM-99);
- replacing doors with fiberglass ones;
- replacement of seats (installation of seats according to the 2+1 scheme);
- replacement of heating (heater);
- replacement of lighting (fluorescent “light strip” type)
- replacement of pneumatic equipment;
- replacement of panels (fiberglass);
- installation of new handrails;
- replacement of flooring;
- installation of an information system and an IR-650 autoinformer (until 2016, the usual route indicator and Iskra-02 informer were installed);
- installation of bulwarks on the first section;
- installation of a new pantograph.
During major repairs of LS-86 cars from the first years of production, the driver's cabin is enlarged. As a result, only 3 doors are available for passenger entry.
| Comparison of design options for the LVS-86 car |
|---|
LVS-86 tram2.jpg |
Tram LVS-86 on Petergofskoe highway.jpg LVS-86-Dobrolyubova.jpg TramsKronshtadskaya2008-02-18-78.jpg |
First version of the interior (without fluorescent lighting) |
| KVR 2008-2010 |
Oak interior trim Some of the oldest carriages had an expanded driver's cabin |
| CWR 2014 -2015 |
| KVR 2016 |
Technical details
LAN-86 - broad gauge(1524 mm or 60 inches) high-floor all-metal unilateral articulated six-axle tram car. The body consists of two equal sections connected through an articulation unit, which rests on a central bogie. The doors are rotating and folding (screen), located in the front overhang (on most cars, one leaf leads to the driver’s cabin), in the middle between the first and second, second and third bogies, and in the rear overhang. There are four traction motors, two each in the first and third bogies. The central trolley is non-motorized. The current control system through traction motors is indirect: rheostat-contactor or thyristor-pulse. The main braking is electrodynamic, using traction motors. For additional braking, a drum-shoe brake with a pneumatic drive is used. There are also magnetic rail brakes. The car has 27 or 38 seats and is theoretically capable of carrying 327 passengers with a full load (actual capacity is half that). The dimensions of LAN-86 are: 22500 mm total length, 2550 mm width and 3146 mm height; total weight without passengers 29.5 tons. The car is capable of operating system of many units(CME) in a train of up to 3 cars.
Initially, the articulation unit had a different design - the rubber seals between the semicircular walls of the hinge and the side walls of the car were concave towards the side walls, but in 1988 an accident occurred - a child, while moving a tram in a curve, stuck his head into the expanded space, which narrowed when returning to a straight line area and pinched the child's head. Then the passage through the articulation unit was urgently closed, and then, over the course of several months, seals were installed in the cars, bent towards the passenger compartment.
Modifications
- LAN-86K Rheostat-contactor control system. Basic modification.
- LAN-86T Thyristor-pulse control system. Has two cabinets with electrical equipment in the salon.
- LAN-86M Transistor control system "MERA". Has two cabinets with electrical equipment in the salon.
- LAN-86A Asynchronous traction motors. The only car, converted from LVS-86T No. 1018 in June 1995. The inscription on board reads: “The first in Russia with AC engines.” Also in September 2016, LVS-86T car No. 3210 was added to LVS-86A.
- LAN-86K-M Rheostat-contactor control system, fiberglass lining of the front panel. Before modernization, these were LAN-86T and LAN-86M.
Gallery
Tram car LVS-86A No. 2200 in the Museum of Electric Transport
LVS-86K No. 3086 at Vasileostrovsky depot.jpg
Tram LVS-86K No. 3086 on the fan of tram depot No. 2
MalayaOkhta-2007-11-20-e.jpg
The tram in park color No. 7 turns to the Malaya Okhta checkpoint. 2007
Tram St Petersburg.jpg
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Notes
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Excerpt characterizing LAN-86
“They are expecting a younger son,” said Pierre. “He joined Obolensky’s Cossacks and went to Bila Tserkva. A regiment is being formed there. And now they transferred him to my regiment and are waiting for him every day. The Count has long wanted to go, but the Countess will never agree to leave Moscow until her son arrives.“I saw them the other day at the Arkharovs’. Natalie looked prettier and cheerful again. She sang one romance. How easy it is for some people!
-What's going on? – Pierre asked displeasedly. Julie smiled.
“You know, Count, that knights like you only exist in the novels of Madame Suza.”
- Which knight? From what? – Pierre asked, blushing.
- Well, come on, dear Count, c "est la fable de tout Moscou. Je vous admire, ma parole d" honneur. [all of Moscow knows this. Really, I'm surprised at you.]
- Fine! Fine! - said the militiaman.
- OK then. You can't tell me how boring it is!
“Qu"est ce qui est la fable de tout Moscou? [What does all of Moscow know?] - Pierre said angrily, getting up.
- Come on, Count. You know!
“I don’t know anything,” said Pierre.
– I know that you were friends with Natalie, and that’s why... No, I’m always friendlier with Vera. Cette chere Vera! [This sweet Vera!]
“Non, madame,” Pierre continued in a dissatisfied tone. “I didn’t take on the role of Rostova’s knight at all, and I haven’t been with them for almost a month.” But I don't understand cruelty...
“Qui s"excuse - s"accuse, [Whoever apologizes, blames himself.] - Julie said, smiling and waving the lint, and so that she had the last word, she immediately changed the conversation. “What, I found out today: poor Marie Volkonskaya arrived in Moscow yesterday. Did you hear she lost her father?
- Really! Where is she? “I would very much like to see her,” said Pierre.
– I spent the evening with her yesterday. Today or tomorrow morning she is going to the Moscow region with her nephew.
- Well, how is she? - said Pierre.
- Nothing, I’m sad. But do you know who saved her? This is a whole novel. Nicholas Rostov. They surrounded her, wanted to kill her, wounded her people. He rushed in and saved her...
“Another novel,” said the militiaman. “This general elopement was decidedly done so that all the old brides would get married.” Catiche is one, Princess Bolkonskaya is another.
“You know that I really think that she is un petit peu amoureuse du jeune homme.” [a little bit in love with a young man.]
- Fine! Fine! Fine!
– But how can you say this in Russian?..
When Pierre returned home, he was given two Rastopchin posters that had been brought that day.
The first said that the rumor that Count Rostopchin was prohibited from leaving Moscow was unfair and that, on the contrary, Count Rostopchin was glad that ladies and merchant wives were leaving Moscow. “Less fear, less news,” the poster said, “but I answer with my life that there will be no villain in Moscow.” These words clearly showed Pierre for the first time that the French would be in Moscow. The second poster said that our main apartment was in Vyazma, that Count Wittschstein defeated the French, but that since many residents want to arm themselves, there are weapons prepared for them in the arsenal: sabers, pistols, guns, which residents can get at a cheap price. The tone of the posters was no longer as playful as in Chigirin’s previous conversations. Pierre thought about these posters. Obviously, that terrible thundercloud, which he called upon with all the strength of his soul and which at the same time aroused involuntary horror in him - obviously this cloud was approaching.
“Should I enlist in the military and go to the army or wait? – Pierre asked himself this question for the hundredth time. He took a deck of cards lying on his table and began to play solitaire.
“If this solitaire comes out,” he said to himself, mixing the deck, holding it in his hand and looking up, “if it comes out, it means... what does it mean?” He didn’t have time to decide what it meant when a voice was heard behind the office door the eldest princess asking if she could come in.
“Then it will mean that I have to go to the army,” Pierre finished to himself. “Come in, come in,” he added, turning to the prince.
(One eldest princess, with a long waist and a petrified face, continued to live in Pierre's house; the two younger ones got married.)
“Forgive me, mon cousin, for coming to you,” she said in a reproachfully excited voice. - After all, we finally need to decide on something! What will it be? Everyone has left Moscow, and the people are rioting. Why are we staying?
“On the contrary, everything seems to be fine, ma cousine,” said Pierre with that habit of playfulness that Pierre, who always embarrassedly endured his role as a benefactor in front of the princess, acquired for himself in relation to her.
- Yes, it’s good... good well-being! Today Varvara Ivanovna told me how different our troops are. You can certainly attribute it to honor. And the people have completely rebelled, they stop listening; My girl started being rude too. Soon they will start beating us too. You can't walk on the streets. And most importantly, the French will be here tomorrow, what can we expect! “I ask one thing, mon cousin,” said the princess, “order me to be taken to St. Petersburg: whatever I am, I cannot live under Bonaparte’s rule.”
- Come on, ma cousine, where do you get your information from? Against…
- I will not submit to your Napoleon. Others want it... If you don't want to do it...
- Yes, I will do it, I’ll order it now.
The princess was apparently annoyed that there was no one to be angry with. She sat down on a chair, whispering something.
“But this is being conveyed to you incorrectly,” said Pierre. “Everything is quiet in the city, and there is no danger.” I was reading just now...” Pierre showed the princess the posters. – The Count writes that he answers with his life that the enemy will not be in Moscow.
“Oh, this count of yours,” the princess spoke angrily, “is a hypocrite, a villain who himself incited the people to rebel.” Wasn’t he the one who wrote in those stupid posters that whoever he was, drag him by the crest to the exit (and how stupid)! Whoever takes it, he says, will have honor and glory. So I was quite happy. Varvara Ivanovna said that her people almost killed her because she spoke French...
“Yes, it’s so... You take everything very much to heart,” said Pierre and began to play solitaire.
Despite the fact that the solitaire had worked out, Pierre did not go to the army, but remained in empty Moscow, still in the same anxiety, indecision, in fear and at the same time in joy, expecting something terrible.
The next day, the princess left in the evening, and his chief manager came to Pierre with the news that the money he required to outfit the regiment could not be obtained unless one estate was sold. The general manager generally represented to Pierre that all these undertakings of the regiment were supposed to ruin him. Pierre had difficulty hiding his smile as he listened to the manager’s words.
“Well, sell it,” he said. - What can I do, I can’t refuse now!
The worse the state of affairs, and especially his affairs, was, the more pleasant it was for Pierre, the more obvious it was that the catastrophe he was waiting for was approaching. Almost none of Pierre's acquaintances were in the city. Julie left, Princess Marya left. Of the close acquaintances, only the Rostovs remained; but Pierre did not go to them.
