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Slide captions:
Who lives in a river without a head?
identify varieties of shellfish; get acquainted with life activities and their habitat; identify the benefits that shellfish bring; develop cognitive activity. Target:
1 Types of river mollusks. 2 How does toothless move? 3 How does toothless breathe and eat? 4 What benefits do shellfish bring to a pond? Plan
Look here, the water is quietly splashing, Duckweed, lilies, cattails, and water capsule and reed. There is a toothless one, a pond snail, and a water strider is running. Everywhere you can see that life is in full swing... (river)
Toothless is a freshwater mollusk that lives at the bottom of reservoirs. Its oval shell is about 10 cm long.
The anterior end of the shell is rounded, the posterior end is slightly pointed. The sink consists of two symmetrical valves - right and left.
The toothless shell is made of lime and is covered on the outside with a horn-like brown-green substance.
The inner surface of the shell is covered with light, iridescent mother-of-pearl.
Mollusks that have a shell of two halves-valves, like a toothless one, are called bivalve.
Both valves are connected to each other using an elastic flexible ligament on the dorsal side. On the ventral side they can open, and the leg of the mollusk protrudes into the resulting gap.
Toothless has no head. Toothless's leg looks like a muscular wedge pointing forward.
When moving, the toothless pushes its leg forward and anchors it in the ground, and then pulls up its body. So she takes small steps, 1-2 cm each, and moves only 20-30 cm in an hour.
Toothless retracts its leg into the shell and tightly closes the valves with the help of closing muscles. When the muscles are relaxed, the flaps from below move apart under the action of a springy ligament.
The gills and the inner sides of the mantle folds are covered with cilia. They move continuously and draw water through the lower siphon.
Water passes throughout the mantle cavity and exits through the upper siphon.
Together with the water, small organisms living in it are brought in - protozoa, crustaceans. They are carried by a stream of water to the mouth, located near the base of the leg, and from the mouth they enter the digestive system.
Water also provides breathing. Oxygen enters the gills from the water, and carbon dioxide is released into the water.
Bivalves play an important role in freshwater bodies, being natural biofilters and water purifiers,
Literature: “Our World” reader (Page 97-99) Internet
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Pike is a strong predatory river fish. Young pike are found weighing 2-3 kg, under favorable conditions reaching 16-25 kg in weight, and as an exception, super-large weight. Spawns at the age of 3-5 years in small groups and pairs in early spring when the water is full, in creeks, in small grassy places. Male pike are smaller and have a narrower body than females. Pike have different colors - from a green, grassy shade with transverse stripes to a dark brown color with worn spots. Pike hunts not only river fish, but also small waterfowl. Its spawning coincides with the migration of waterfowl. And pike caviar falls on the feathers of the bird, which carry it into the most remote bodies of water. If the melting of the ice is delayed, the pike goes to the edges to spawn. She has average fertility. The number of eggs can reach 215 thousand pieces, with especially large ones up to 1 million. Eggs develop normally in small, grassy and well-warmed areas. The juveniles grow in good feeding places, quickly reaching 20 cm in length and weighing 250 grams or more by the end of the year. Many pike eggs die during the rapid decline of high spring waters. Naturally, for this reason, the number of pike in reservoirs is decreasing, which negatively affects the condition of the entire fish population. Some people mistakenly consider pike to be a harmful predatory fish. Meanwhile, the pike is a water orderly, because it cleans the reservoir of weeds and weakened fish.
Perch
The favorite habitats of perch are underwater slopes of islands, flooded ridges, areas near large stones and snags lying on the bottom, deep steep areas with hard soil. In the river, perch usually lives in deep holes and places with slow currents. Hunts near bridge piles, flooded trees, bushes and snags. Loves backwaters, sometimes overgrown with aquatic vegetation. From the thickets, with lightning speed, it pounces on a fry or fish swimming past.
Before the onset of freeze-up, perch are often observed moving; schools break up into smaller ones. After the ice freezes, the perch again gather in schools, grouped by age. In winter, when the water recedes, perch moves to deeper areas and groups in pools.
Spawning of perch begins in May, and sometimes it is delayed, and some specimens arrive with milk even in June. During spawning they do not gather in large flocks. Eggs are usually laid near last year's aquatic vegetation, at shallow depths.
Feeds on aquatic insects. Growing up, it becomes a predator.
High fertility, 200-300 thousand or more eggs, the ability to destroy eggs and juveniles of other fish put perch in the position of a competitor to more valuable fish.
Ruff
The ruffe is a small fish that avoids strong currents and lives in deep places. It stays near steep banks with trees hanging over the water among stones; in hot weather it hides in the shade. Spawning at the end of May. It feeds on crustaceans, insect larvae, eggs and juveniles of other fish.
Taimen
Reaches a weight of 40 kg. For spawning it rises to the upper reaches of the river. Spawning migration begins with ice drift. Spawning occurs in small rocky areas in May-June at a temperature of 9-12 degrees. The eggs are laid in nests in sand and pebbles.
After spawning, taimen begins to gradually move to the lower reaches of rivers. In the river it stands in the pools. Loves the confluence of small rivers. Keeps in groups, large ones live alone.
First, juvenile taimen feed on invertebrates, then small fish. Adult taimen are a typical predator, feeding on fish - dace, burbot, and rarely catches small rodents, frogs and ducklings.
Dace
Reaches a weight of 100-200 g, rarely 400.
Lives in clean water. Prefers places with moderate currents, shallows with moderate currents, areas below riffles, near the mouths of flowing streams and rivers, water streams, below dams and bridges.
Spawns immediately after pike spawns, at a temperature of 6-7 degrees. The eggs stick to reeds and pebbles.
It feeds on various insects, their larvae and algae (especially mulberries), as well as rare flies, mosquitoes, bloodworms, and grasshoppers. In spring it eats the eggs of other fish.
Gudgeon
This river schooling fish avoids cold water. In autumn it becomes more deep places with a muddy or sandy bottom near the rifts, and in winter it slides into holes. Spawns in April-June in shallow places with a rocky bottom. It feeds on bloodworms, mayfly larvae, small mollusks, and eggs of other fish. Reaches a length of 22 cm and a weight of more than 100 g.
Conclusion: The fresh water of Kii is home to many species of fish. They eat different foods. Some eat algae, others eat aquatic insects and shellfish. Some fish eat other fish and are true predators.
In spring, juveniles mainly feed on the eggs of other fish. Each species has its own favorite places, a certain form of behavior, and dependence of nutrition on river vegetation and river plankton. Spawning of all fish species occurs in shallow coastal areas and depends on temperature conditions. This means that a sharp decline in water can cause significant damage to the quantitative increase in fish stocks.
Fish - source of nutrition
The role of fish in human life is great. One of the elements in the human food chain is fish. Fish are a source of nutrition and medicinal raw materials. In terms of nutritional and taste properties, fish is not inferior to meat, and in terms of digestibility, it is superior to it. Fish food, especially the extractive substances of fish broth, causes a larger secretion of gastric juice than meat food.
The value of fish is determined by the presence in its composition of 15% to 26% proteins. Fish proteins contain 20 amino acids, 8 of which are essential for the human body (lysine, methionine, valine, leucine, threonine and phenylanine). These amino acids are not synthesized in the human body and must be supplied in certain proportions with food. The absence of any of the listed amino acids in food causes problems with human health.
Fish also contains fats up to 30%, vitamins and minerals up to 2%. Unlike the fat of mammals, fish fat is liquid, because contains a large number of polyunsaturated fatty substances. The lack of such fatty acids in food disrupts cholesterol metabolism, which contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in humans and weakens the body's resistance to disease. Meat river fish It is recommended for students to use during exams, because it stimulates the brain.
At all times, people caught fish for food, and it did not decrease. Consequently, fish were caught in such quantities that allowed the species to recover and the river water to be clean.
The law prohibits the use of mass harvesting of fish and animals. Specific measures for the protection of fish include the minimum mesh size established by law for fishing nets, the protection of spawning grounds and wintering pits, the rescue of juveniles, and the fight against winter kills and water pollution.
Since the dawn of time, fishing has been a source of food for primitive man. That is, in a sense, fishing helped our ancestors survive.
And today, fishing is a lifeline for men who are oppressed by women. Women are all around: they pump up their muscles, learn to shoot, drive a car, work as bank directors. There is nowhere to hide from them except... Yes, this “niche” remained unoccupied by women. Fishing is the only male activity that women cannot and do not want to master. And thank God!
So, here is a book for a real man who, early on a stormy morning on a day off, so as not to spend the whole day with his wife, rushes to collect gear - reels in fishing rods from the house, so to speak - and runs to a river, pond or something in this kind of thing. There he receives primitive pleasure from silence, fresh air and a beautiful view of the water surface. Our book will begin with several interesting facts about fishing and fish.
Do you know how the Christian prayer “Our Father” is translated into the Eskimo language? There is no need to quote the entire translation, but one phrase is of interest and fully corresponds to the theme of this book: “Give us this day our daily fish.” It is true that fish in its importance for many peoples surpassed and surpasses their daily bread. For a person of European civilization, river fish does not provide daily food, but despite this, fishing has become a sport for him, and river fish, including trophy fish, still plays the role of decorating the dinner table.
How did a person master fishing? Researchers were once firmly convinced that man copied the fishing behavior of his four-legged and feathered counterparts. Many land animals are not averse to eating fish.
Firstly, birds such as the osprey or the eagle, which have not switched to an aquatic lifestyle, like the waterfowl pelican or, say, penguins. An excellent four-legged fisherman is the otter. When she catches a fish, she doesn’t always eat it right away, but first plays with it: then she lets it go, then she catches it again - like a cat with a mouse. But the otter swims no worse than a fish. Another thing is a bear. Many peoples compared the bear to a man. The Yakuts, for example, believed that the bear is as smart as a person, he can even speak, and does not speak only because of his gloomy character. Clubfoot walks along the river for a long time, looking for a “fishing place.” At the fishing spot, the bear sits down comfortably and at the right moment hits the water with its paw, drowning out the fish. The bear also knows other methods of fishing. Wolves and many other animals fish.
However, it is possible that a person is a fisherman by nature. Scientists were interested in the fact that man is the only one among his monkey relatives who can swim. Was it adapted to an aquatic lifestyle in the past? Quite possible. According to one of the theories of the origin of man, his ape-like ancestors came down from the trees and, instead of jogging across the savannah, where even a clumsy baboon would overtake them, not to mention other living creatures - predators and antelopes, went to the river.
The only place where pre-humans could hunt was the banks of reservoirs, rich in all kinds of food. On the banks, he mastered walking upright, as he collected “gifts of nature” and guarded fish, standing waist-deep in water. Fishing contributed to the development of his intellect, since this activity is completely useless if the fisherman is not observant, does not know how to invent ways of catching fish and find “fishing spots.” That is, we can say that fishing created man. We congratulate the fishermen!
What was fishing like before the invention of fishing rods and nets? Initially, the person most likely did not catch fish, but hunted it with a harpoon: he waited, standing in the water, and, having noticed it, struck. Some peoples even today catch fish with their bare hands, having previously poisoned the water of the reservoir with the juices of poisonous plants. For example, in Southeast Asia, plants are used that contain rotenones and rotecondas - strong plant poisons that negatively affect humans. And only then the fishing rod, net and top were invented.
Fishing has always required a special attitude. And even today, “fishy” topics are prohibited among friends going fishing. The word “fish” is not mentioned in conversation; it is replaced with the allegorical “er” or something else. Once upon a time there was an opposite wish for a fisherman: - “Neither a feather nor a scale” (a feather is a fish fin). This is so as not to jinx it and so that the fish will bite. The word “fish” itself was born from an allegory: the ancient Slavs called the fish tsivs, but were afraid to use it so as not to scare away both the fish and luck, and therefore replaced the name German word“ruppe” is the larva of a water eel. Gradually, the group was distorted into the fish we are familiar with, and under this nickname the fishing object began to be mentioned in speech as under its own name.
Now let's talk about the fish itself - proof of the fisherman's skill. Pisces are extremely interesting. These are the lords water element. While liners, aircraft carriers and tankers are sinking, professional swimmers are dying and being crushed into a pile of metal submarines, coastal buildings are swept away by the tsunami, and the fish’s habitat does not cause any particular problems. And the sharks that people encounter from time to time prove to us once again that water will never be our home, but will remain the kingdom of fish.
Fish are a superclass of lower vertebrates, numbering about 20 thousand species. The respiratory organs of fish are gills. The heart is two-chambered, having one circle of blood circulation. Many fish have a swim bladder that performs a hydrostatic function. Fish have vision and smell; some navigate using electrical impulses emitted by a special organ. Most fish navigate by water fluctuations using the lateral line organs. Fish reproduce by spawning; viviparous species are also known.
Fish are characterized by disjunctive coloration - an evolutionary invention that allows fish to blend into the background of their underwater environment. This coloring does not match the shape of the fish’s body, thereby “dismembering” the fish and making it invisible. An example of dismembering coloration is, for example, the stripes of a tiger, which camouflage the predator among thickets of tall grasses. The distinct coloration of fish includes stripes and spots, but its main feature, common to all fish, is the division of the body into a dark back and a light, white belly. This coloring is explained by the fact that the light belly merges with the light surface of the reservoir, making the fish difficult to notice from the bottom, and the dark back merges with the dark bottom, and the fish is invisible from above.
Fish live in waters with very different temperatures: from Antarctic to thermal waters (40 degrees Celsius!). Fish live in the underground waters of caves, at the 11-thousand-kilometer depth of the Mariana Trench, and even in damp coastal foliage and on bushes, like frogs, not paying attention to the lack of moisture. The sizes of fish are as varied as their habitat. The superclass of fish includes one of the largest vertebrates on the planet - the whale shark (20 meters), and the smallest - the Pandaka pygmea goby (8 mm). Small fish live for 2 years, but there are also long-livers - pike and carp, living up to 50–70 years, all others live no more than 15 years.
In terms of fertility, fish are probably second only to insects. For example, roach lays 25,000 eggs, tench - about 300 thousand, bream - a hundred thousand more, pike - a million eggs, and carp - one and a half million. True, of this countless number of eggs, very, very few will survive, because the fish do not care about their offspring, and the mass of eggs is devoured by insatiable aquatic inhabitants, primarily other fish. However, there are exceptions here too. Som is a caring father. It is the father: the male catfish guards the eggs laid by the female until the fry hatch. The male of another common river fish, the stickleback, also guards the eggs, for which he independently, without the help of the female, makes a nest from aquatic vegetation. The female does not take any part in protecting the nest. But this is not necessary, since the male copes brilliantly with the task he has taken on. Surprisingly, this 6-centimeter-long fish boldly attacks large fish, trying to prick them with its dorsal fin spines. The fish is irritated by any object that floats past the nest, even a plant leaf.
Fossilized remains of fossil fish have been found in sediments of the Silurian period, much more than 450 million years old. Thus, fish are the oldest vertebrates on our planet. Other vertebrates evolved from fish. The ancestor of terrestrial vertebrates - the coelacanth fish - still lives in the waters of the Indian Ocean near the Seychelles.
However, this is not the only example of relics among fish. The devil shark, accidentally discovered at the very end of the 19th century and described by ichthyologists Mitsukuri and Jordan, turned out to be a relic of the Cretaceous period, that is, it lived more than 90 million years ago, at the end of the era of the dominance of giant lizards. Paleontologists (specialists in fossil life forms) know such sharks well and call them shovelnose sharks. The remains of these sharks were found in different places, for example, in marine rocks of the Saratov region. There are other examples.
It is difficult to underestimate the importance of fish in human life and nature. Fish feed on algae and aquatic invertebrates, being an important part of the ecological balance of water bodies. For humans, fish provide meat, caviar, and fat. Fishing waste produces fishmeal, pet food, glue, and fertilizer.
60 countries of the world are engaged in commercial fishing, of which Japan is the leader. The fishing industry has long been isolated from the rest of the food industry. The fishing industry is engaged not only in the extraction, processing and processing of fish, but also in the artificial breeding of valuable commercial fish in fish factories and reservoirs. For fish breeding, special enterprises have been created - fish hatcheries, engaged in the fertilization and incubation of eggs, followed by raising fry and dispersing them for rearing in ponds. Fish hatcheries are also called fish hatcheries.
Fish hatcheries should be distinguished from fish hatcheries - farms that fertilize eggs and raise young fish until they produce marketable products, which are often sold live. In the latter case, the fish farm is called a live fish farm.
Pond farms more closely replicate the natural habitat of farmed fish. Fisheries on river reservoirs have to be equipped, among other things, with technical devices for the passage of fish through the dam, the so-called fish ladders. Fishways are differentiated into fish passages and fish lifts.
A fish pass is the construction of a passage for fish from the upstream to the downstream in order to preserve the former migration routes of fish and eliminate interference from migration from hydraulic turbines. (A tailwater is a section of a reservoir bounded by a dam or sluice.)
The fish lift has the opposite purpose and helps the fish going to spawn to pass up from the lower tail to the upper one. The main type of fish lift is the elevator. All types of fish lifts are ineffective because no more than 1% of fish pass through them.
The river itself is a significant watercourse, much larger than a stream. The river flows in a natural channel, fed by surface and underground runoff waters, which together form the river's drainage basin. Rivers serve as a source of electricity for humans and are also used for water intake for economic purposes. Rivers are breeding grounds and natural habitats for many valuable commercial fish that do not take root in stagnant bodies of water.
The story about river fish will open with asp, one of the most popular fishing trophies. If your friend claims that he caught “such a fish,” you know that he is either lying or caught an asp, or, as it is also called, a shelesper.
Common asp is a common fish in rivers throughout Eastern Europe, including the Eastern European part of Russia. And, unlike other fish that become smaller due to fishing, the asp manages to grow up to 1 m and weigh more than 8 kg. Juvenile asps catch small benthic invertebrates, usually insect larvae, and feed on them. An adult asp is a predator, hunting small fish. Asps, hunting for fish, arrange a “fight” for it, that is, they surround a school of fry and stun the fish by striking the water with their tails. The fight of asps can be seen even from afar. Trying not to scare the asps, fishermen swim up to the battle site, cast a spoon and immediately begin to pull. The asp only bites on the move; during a fight, a stationary spoon does not attract its attention.
Another fish that is much smaller in size than asp, but which is more often caught on the bait - sabreed fish, also organizes a fight between the fry. In which rivers is the saberfish not found? It lives in the basins of the Baltic, Azov, Black, Caspian and Aral seas. The mass of sabrefish is found to be much less than a kilogram, and only occasionally fish weighing 2 kg are caught.
The common gudgeon lives in flowing reservoirs with a rocky or sandy bottom. This is a small carp fish, no more than 15 cm in length. The gudgeon is distributed throughout almost all of Eurasia. In many European countries(France, etc.) this fish is recognized as a delicacy. The gudgeon feeds on bottom living creatures. His mustaches help him find food - special outgrowths at the corners of his mouth. Minnows often swim in small schools.
In the waters of the Baltic Sea basin, the river eel is found, a fish with a serpentine body belonging to the eel order. Female river eels live at the bottom of silted rivers. The mature ones go to the mouths of rivers and meet males there. Spawn on great depths Atlantic. The Gulf Stream transports eel larvae to the Baltic. Along the way, which lasts 4 years, the larvae manage to turn into eels. In the Baltic, the juveniles are divided: the males remain in the sea, and the females swim into the rivers. Eels are famous for their tasty meat, which is also very nutritious.
“Ram”, also known as ram, is a type of roach. It has solid dimensions: its weight reaches a kilogram. It lives in desalinated areas of the Azov and Black Seas. Taran is well caught with worms: 3–5 fish bite per worm. Another variety of roach is the well-known Caspian roach.
In addition to mountain rivers and northern reservoirs, ides live in the rivers and lakes of Eurasia. Ide prefers deep rivers with a quiet current, loves flowing lakes, where it finds a wide variety of food: from algae to insects, crustaceans and worms. The ide has a thick body and often reaches half a meter in length; there are specimens up to 70 cm. The back of the ide is black and blue. The head is thick, the eyes are large, greenish-orange. In mid-spring, it is time for ides to spawn. For it, the female chooses shallow places with dense underwater vegetation at a water temperature of an average of 10 degrees Celsius.
Streams with fast currents and cold water, as well as rivers, are inhabited by minnows, 10-centimeter fish with a brown, bronze-cast back. The fish mature at 3 years of age. Eggs are laid in late spring - early summer. They lay them a little: only 200–600 eggs. Minnows feed on algae, crustaceans, and insect larvae. Fishermen catch minnows to later use as bait. There are also lake minnows that are quite suitable for bait. We will talk about the lake galyan a little lower, in the chapter devoted to fish of ponds and lakes, that is, stagnant bodies of water.
Pike lives in rivers and desalinated estuarine areas, preferring low-flowing waters. This fish from the order Salmonidae is the largest active predatory fish fresh water Eurasia. Pike can chase prey like a cheetah. This ability manifests itself half a month after hatching from the eggs. At first, the pike (more precisely, the little pike) feeds on algae and larvae. At the age of one month, it switches to feeding on fish fry, and even attacks its fellows by mistake. A mistake is a mistake, but the unfortunate brothers are still swallowed whole. It is curious that the size of the little puppy at this age is only 5 cm - the size of a matchstick. In general, pike often reach 2 m in length. In addition to fish, adult pike feed on chicks of waterfowl and frogs. Pike spawns in shallow water in spring.
Pike is a long-liver. Most freshwater fish live for 2 years (isn't it the fault of the pike itself?), while pike matures only at 3 years. In total, pike live up to 50–70 years. A caught pike must be hooked with a net, as this fish is quite restive. And of course, you shouldn’t put your finger in a pike’s mouth for the sake of a joke: the jaws of this fish are designed in such a way that they tightly capture everything that gets into the predator’s mouth.
In the same waters as the pike, the river bully lives - the ruffe, a small (no more than 25 cm in length) fish of the perch family. It is common in water bodies of Europe, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. Popular rumor has long attributed to the ruffe a bad character for its “bristles” - spiny fins, but today the ruffe also enjoys a bad reputation: it is considered a pest in fish farming because it eats the eggs of commercial fish and competes with them by eating the plant food of reservoirs.
The freshwater bodies of the entire Northern Hemisphere are home to the common perch, which gives its name to the entire order of perciformes. Perch is relatively small in size. Individuals living in cold water do not exceed 15 cm in length. On average, perch reaches a length of 25 cm, although specimens up to half a meter in length are known. This predatory fish, capable of cannibalism, namely eating its own young. This explains the fact that perches are able to live in bodies of water where other fish are not found. And at the same time, perches are collectivists; they live in schools. Perch spawns in spring. Lays eggs in the form of long ribbons, placing them on sunken and underwater vegetation.
Another predator belongs to the order of perciformes - pike perch. Pike perch lives in fresh and estuarine waters throughout almost all of Europe. Pike perch is divided into three ecological forms: permanent river inhabitants, semi-marine fish and semi-anadromous fish. The latter rise upstream during the spawning period, but do not go far. Unlike perch, pike perch is a very large fish: its average size is half a meter, although there are specimens up to 1 m long and weighing about 20 kg.
On the jaws and palatal bones of the pike perch there are fangs - an excellent adaptation for hunting fish, which the pike perch begins to catch upon reaching the age of one month and which is its only source of food for the rest of its life. Pike perch is considered a valuable commercial species due to its tasty meat - white, fatty and devoid of muscle tendons. Pike perch are quite fatty fish, which is why they are often called “piglets”. This is one of the most favorite fish of all fishermen.
The objects of sport fishing include the common dace, one of the ten species of the dace genus. Another species of the same genus - the chub - is of interest for fishing in some places, since it is a large fish, weighing up to 4 kg. The chub is extremely voracious and easily eats beetles and berries such as cherries.
The truly royal fish is the catfish, which is also a commercial fish. He inhabits large rivers, is found in riverbed lakes, swims into the near-estuary waters of rivers with a high concentration of salt, which it is able to tolerate. This is a giant fish, species up to 10 meters in size are known. But our ordinary river catfish also has respectable dimensions: it grows up to 3 meters in length and weighs about 2 centners! Catfish cannot be called an active predator; it prefers to lie in wait for prey, lying on the bottom, instead of chasing its victims. But, despite its inactivity, the catfish is a formidable and omnivorous predator. It feeds on fish and attacks waterfowl and animals - anyone it tracks on the surface of the water. Catfish meat is extremely tasty; in addition, it does not cause problems when cooking and eating bones and scales: the catfish has a naked body, and it is not as “bony” as others, even small-boned pike perch.
Another favorite fish for many is burbot. There are 4 known species of burbot, of which the common burbot is found in fresh water bodies of the European part of Russia. It is found in cold rivers and lakes, but sometimes enters desalinated sea bays. Burbot is a large fish, up to half a meter in length and weighing up to 15 kg. This fish is known for spawning in December. Every winter fishing enthusiast dreams of catching a burbot stuffed with caviar.
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A lesson on speech development and familiarization with the environment in a preparatory group on the topic “Who lives in the river.”
Borodina Tatyana Gennadievna, teacher, Moscow State Budgetary Educational Institution "School No. 285 named after V.A. Molodtsov", structural unit No. 13.Description of material: I bring to your attention a summary of a lesson on speech development and familiarization with the environment for children preparatory group kindergarten. This methodological development may be useful for preschool teachers and parents.
Target: Introducing children to the inhabitants of freshwater rivers.
Tasks:
- To consolidate knowledge about freshwater inhabitants of rivers.
- Develop the ability to classify fish, waterfowl nesting on river banks.
- Develop coherent speech and activate children’s vocabulary.
- Cultivate interest in the life of freshwater inhabitants.
Material: pictures depicting a river and underwater inhabitants (fish, frogs and crayfish).
Preliminary work: looking at paintings on this topic.
Progress of the lesson
Guys, today we will do unusual journey and we will find ourselves on the river bank.
- Guys, who can live in the river and on the banks of rivers?
- There are a lot of fish living in the river. Many birds nest along the river banks.
- Guys, what waterfowl do you know?
- Listen and guess the riddle
Pied Quack
Catches frogs.
- That's right, that's duck.
- Listen to another riddle
They flew from north to south.
And they lost white, white fluff.
- That's right, that's swans.
- Guys, how are these birds similar?
- That's right, they are all waterfowl and feed on small river fish.
- Listen to my riddles.
She wags her tail
Too toothy, but not barking.
Who is this?
- That's right, that's pike.
Stop, roach and crucian carp!
And don't ask for mercy!
I am the mistress here in the pond.
I'm going hunting.
- Guys, who else can live under water?
- Right, fish.
The fish wags its tail
Swims gracefully
Along the river,
Fishermen are not afraid of her!
She doesn't require food
It's amazing how smart she is
The fish has a cunning plan
After all, her river is a screen!
- What river fish do you know? (children's answers)
- Listen to my riddles:
I hid from the toothy pike,
He hid in the thickets.
Swam out of the mud silver...
What's his name?
- That's right, that's crucian carp.
He is omnivorous and big,
Hidden by yellow scales.
Il his favorite belongings...
What are all the fish's names?
-Right, carp.
He is the ancestor of the carp, very large,
He loves emerald reeds.
Very fat, like a boar...
What's his name?
- This, guys, carp.
She looks like a roach
Digging in the mud at the bottom.
Bloody eye, farsighted...
What's the name?
- Right, rudd.
Not big at all, but mustachioed,
Greenish-brownish.
He is a wise secretary in the river...
What does everyone call him?
- This, guys, gudgeon.
He swims naked in the water
Lives in the sand, at the very bottom.
He's a bad rower...
What does everyone call him?
- This, guys, loach.
Lives in a river pool,
He has a huge mouth
Have you heard of this?
Well of course it is...
- That's right, that's som.
There is a demon made of thorns in the river,
With protection against pike fangs.
He's covered in thorns, don't bother him...
What's the name of that fish?
- Right, ruff.
-Listen to a poem about ruffs by Yu. Mogutin
Above the river in silence
The reeds rustle
And in the water by the reeds
Six cocky ruffs
Don't be irritated, you irritants,
Better hide in the reeds.
You ruff kids
The pike is waiting by the reeds.
- What is this poem about, guys?
- And there is also a fish that looks like a snake in the river.
- Who knows what it's called?
You could mix it up
With a snake this fish,
So similar to each other!
But there is only an eel in the water.
-Yes, guys, this is a fish - acne.
- And now you and I will rest a little and play.
Physical education session “We are like fish” is being held
(children go out onto the carpet and pretend to be swimming fish)
- Guys, who else besides fish lives in river water?
- That's right, that's cancer.
-Listen to Mark Lvovsky’s poem about cancer
Cancer moves its claws
He sits at the very bottom,
Deftly backing away
He is very happy with the catch!
- What is this poem about?
-Who else lives in the river?
- That's right, that's frogs.
- Listen to Evgeny Koryukin’s poem about little frogs
At my dacha
There is an overgrown pond.
Lots of tadpoles
In the summer they live there.
When the time comes,
Baby frogs
Jumps ashore
Combat squad.
They will be camouflaged
Lush grass.
The cry will ring out loudly:
Kva-kva-kva-kva-kva!
- Our lesson is coming to an end.
-Now I will read you a short quatrain. Think about it and tell me what it’s about?
For a fish, cancer is neither a friend nor an enemy.
Fish are unlikely to be afraid of cancer.
The fish is afraid of the worm,
Which is hooked.
- Why is the fish afraid of the worm?
- It's right to use worms to catch fish out of water.
Let's summarize and answer my questions:
- Who lives in the river?
- What names of fish do you remember?
- Did you like our “trip to the river”?
- The lesson is over. Well done everyone.
