Brief information about the country
Independence Date
Official language
Arab
Form of government
A constitutional monarchy
Territory
83,600 km² (114th in the world)
Population
5,473,972 people (114th in the world)
UAE Dirham (AED)
Timezone
The largest city
$271.1 billion (49th in the world)
Internet domain
Telephone code
United Arab Emirates, the most spectacular showcase of the Middle East and one of the best holiday destinations on the planet, is located in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula and is washed by the azure waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs. Al-Arabiya al-Muttahida Emirate, as its inhabitants call their country, is a federal state and includes 7 emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah, Fujairah, Umm al-Quwain and Ajman . Each of them has its own flavor, its own customs and natural characteristics.
Video: UAE
Basic moments
This eastern country, which has not yet celebrated its 50th anniversary, owes its prosperity not to the command of a fairy-tale genie, but to the colossal deposits of oil and gas found in this region, as well as a reasonable, far-sighted and fair approach to the use and distribution of the natural treasures it has inherited.
By harmoniously combining the traditions of East and West, the United Arab Emirates has managed to expressively combine the past and the present. Here, buildings made of concrete and glass coexist with ancient mosques built from clay, modern shopping centers coexist with exotic oriental markets, and the strict laws of Islam do not apply to tourists who want to have a lot of fun in their hotel or take care of the supply of alcohol in duty free. .
The sunny country, where there is almost no rain, is ready to receive tourists all year round. In winter, the air temperature in the UAE does not fall below +20 °C, and in summer it usually exceeds +40 °C. But since the climate here is dry, the heat is tolerated quite easily, and all rooms and even bus stops are equipped with air conditioning.
Hotels in the UAE will give you comfort, and the beaches will amaze you with the contrast of colors, incorporating the whiteness of the sand, the emerald shades of the foliage of date palms, randomly located on the shore, and the azure of gentle coastal waves. You can discover the wonders of the underwater world by diving in coral reefs or ride a camel and head into the desert to feel its hot breath. In the United Arab Emirates, curious travelers will find ancient architectural monuments and interesting museums. For tourists who prefer active recreation, there are tennis courts, golf courses, football fields, and the opportunity to engage in horse riding, archery, and water sports, including extreme ones. Passionate shopping lovers should be reminded that the UAE is the best place on the planet for this exciting activity.
UAE cities
All cities in the UAE
Sights of the UAE
All attractions of the UAE
History of the United Arab Emirates
The entire history of the United Arab Emirates is divided into pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. It is known that before the advent of Islam, this territory was inhabited by nomadic tribes. They were engaged in hunting, fishing, and pearl fishing. A special place in the way of life of the Arabs was occupied by the breeding of camels - animals, without which life in the harsh desert conditions would have been even more difficult. Camel hair was used to make clothing, animal meat was used for cooking, droppings were used to make fire, and their endurance helped nomads overcome the hot sandy terrain.
For a long time, the scarce land did not attract conquerors from the great empires that existed in the neighborhood; at that time, even merchant ships rarely came here. However, life here was not peaceful: the tribes constantly fought among themselves for water and more suitable areas of land for life. The Arabs themselves call this period “jahiliya,” which means “primitive rudeness, ignorance.”
Despite the harsh natural conditions, progress occurred in the life of the nomads: they learned to extract groundwater and use it in agriculture. By the 7th century, when the power of the Arab Caliphate, which brought Islam here, was established in this territory, large settlements with dwellings already existed here, which were built from clay and fragments of coral reefs. The most significant of them - Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah - soon became cities.
As the Arab Caliphate weakened, this territory gradually left its sphere of influence, and independent sheikhdoms (emirates) - small states - were formed here. On these lands of the Arabian Peninsula, located at the intersection of sea routes connecting the Mediterranean countries and India, trade began to develop. Ships increasingly moored to the shores of the Persian Gulf, and merchants from all over Arabia, India and Persia set out for local pearls in caravans.
In the 10th-11th centuries, the sheikhdoms came under the influence of neighboring Oman, and from the 15th century, Europeans began to show interest in this territory. Over time, the Portuguese and then the British gained a foothold here and controlled sea routes and trade. The British protectorate existed here until 1971.
In the 20s of the last century, colossal oil reserves were discovered in the Persian Gulf, but active production of “black gold” began thirty years later. In 1964, the Arab League, which declared the right of Arab countries to independence, opposed the protectorate, and in 1968 the British government announced its decision to withdraw its troops from this Middle Eastern region.
The meeting of the sheikhs in Abu Dhabi on December 2, 1971 is considered to be the starting point for the history of the realization of the “great Arab dream”. It was then that the six emirates of the Persian Gulf decided to pool their territories and resources. The seventh emirate, Ras al-Khaimah, joined the federation a year later.
The political system of the UAE is unique in its own way: it combines elements of a republican (elective) system with a monarchical form of government, where the ruler of each emirate is an unquestioning authority.
Modern country
Today it is difficult to imagine that 50 years ago in the UAE, a hellish desert stretched from the shores of the bay to the horizon. The impetus for the phenomenal development of the region was given by the oil boom that began in the 70s. In the desert scorched by the Arabian sun, crowded cities with skyscrapers and palaces, wide highways and green parks began to appear.
Prudent and wise emirs, the heads of seven emirates, who considered that tourism is one of the best investments of profits from oil and gas trade, showed creative thinking and decided that their tourist paradise would not be like the resorts of Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, and Tunisia. They invited the most talented architects and engineers from all over the world to the country, obsessed with original, sometimes seemingly crazy, ideas, and today, looking at local hotels, shopping complexes, office buildings, it seems that the UAE is a phantasmagoric living illustration of fairy tales from “1000.” and one night." But in the Emirates, instead of fairy-tale palaces, futuristic buildings impress with their splendor, instead of camel caravans, the desert is crossed by luxury cars rushing along impeccable roads at a minimum speed of 160 km/h, and mysterious houris in translucent robes have given way to modern divas in no less seductive beach outfits, which , however, can only be displayed in the resort area.
Every day, incredible sums pass through UAE banks, which are one of the cornerstones of the financial system of the Middle East. And the endless flow of money here is as regular as the ebb and flow of the Persian Gulf. Many residents of the Emirates are the richest people in the world, and the title “Sheikh” today is strongly associated with countless treasures, palaces, yachts and luxury cars. However, other citizens of the United Arab Emirates can hardly be called poor.
Population
After the proclamation of the state, the first population census was carried out. Two hundred thousand indigenous people were entered into the registers and received passports as citizens of the United Arab Emirates. Today their number has increased to almost a million, representing 11% of the country's total population. The majority of those living in the UAE come from other Arab countries, South Asia, North Africa, and they are not covered by the benefits available to native residents: free medicine, education (including at foreign universities), subsidies for utility bills.
When young UAE citizens get married, they receive from the state land or funds for its acquisition, as well as an interest-free loan for building a house, which, moreover, can be repaid from the state budget after the birth of their third child. The houses of local residents are rather palaces surrounded by green gardens. By the way, fertile land and trees in the Emirates are imported items, and landscaping is not cheap at all, as is water for the irrigation system, which is individual for each tree and bush here.
Natives of the United Arab Emirates work in government agencies or in senior positions in commercial firms. All the rest of the work is the lot of visitors, for whom life here is not so bad.
It may seem that the golden shower of petrodollars has severed the connection between past and present. But the residents of a dynamically developing country remain faithful to Islam, strictly adhere to the morals and traditions laid down by the ascetic Prophet Muhammad, and do not change their traditional clothing.
UAE currency
The official currency in the United Arab Emirates is the dirham. The rate of 3.67 dirhams to $1 was fixed in 1980, and has not changed until now. A large number of international banks are represented in the UAE with their branches. It is better to exchange currency in one of them, since the exchange rate at the hotel is noticeably lower.
Customs
The customs laws of the United Arab Emirates, in general, are quite liberal, and any product can be exported from the country in any quantity. The import and export of currency is also not limited. However, there are restrictions on the import of some goods. You can import no more than ten cartons of cigarettes, four hundred cigars, and two kg of tobacco into the UAE. But, first of all, strict import restrictions apply to alcohol. A foreigner who crosses the border of the Emirates is allowed to import no more than 2 liters of spirits and 2 liters of wine per person.
Emirate of Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi is the largest emirate of the UAE by area, where the capital of the country of the same name is located. It is the richest in the community of emirates, which is not surprising, because on its territory there are 20 times more oil fields than in Dubai, Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah combined.
The northern coast of the capital emirate is washed by the warm waters of the Persian Gulf, in the east rises the Jabal al-Hajjar mountain range, and in the south, in the Liwa oasis, dozens of emerald “plots” of land with the beneficial shade of palm trees alternate with the majestic moving sand dunes of the Rub al-Hajar desert. Khali.
Capital
The city of Abu Dhabi is located on the island of the same name, separated from the western coast of the Ruus al-Jibal peninsula by the Al Maqtaa Strait, the width of which is 250 m. The island, in turn, is surrounded by small islands of natural and artificial origin.
On the mainland there is part of the city area, suburbs, and Abu Dhabi International Airport. Here, on the coastal strip, is one of the few historical attractions of the city - Al-Maktaa Fort, built in the nineteenth century to protect the coastal area. For the same purpose, the Al-Maktaa watchtower was built, which can be seen on a stone island in the strait.
The fort, built in Arabic style using wood and soft stone, has now been restored and houses a tourist office where you can purchase educational literature, guides in your preferred language and maps of the city.
Three bridges, two of which are double, lead from the mainland to the central areas of the city, surrounded by the luxurious greenery of gardens and parks. The first thing you will see when crossing the Al Maqtaa Strait across the bridge of the same name is the domes and four minarets of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, which is a symbol of the Muslim faith and the personification of the wealth of the state. This majestic mosque is named after Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the seventeenth Emir of Abu Dhabi, one of the founders of the UAE and its first president. His ashes rest near the walls of the temple.
The luxurious structure is decorated with 1000 columns and 82 domes, the largest of which, 85 m high, is included in the Guinness Book of Records. World record holders include a huge Iranian carpet covering the floor of the prayer hall, as well as a grandiose chandelier shining with many Swarovski crystals.
The mosque is decorated with artificial ponds, its courtyard, located on an area of 17,000 m², is decorated with colored mosaics. The temple building and its courtyard can accommodate more than 41 thousand believers. This shrine is one of the few mosques in the state that is ready to receive tourists at set hours.
To the north of the mosque is the Al-Bateen Airport, built about half a century ago, the first in the UAE. Today it is modernized, but accepts only domestic flights and serves business aviation.
Not far from the airport, Khalifa Park is located on a vast territory, named after the current President of the UAE and Emir of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan. You can spend the whole day in this green oasis, where trees, shrubs and flowers are planted from all over the globe. Here, guests can enjoy man-made canals and lakes with illumination, fountains, labyrinths of alleys, playgrounds, an aquarium, and attractions, one of which, the “Time Tunnel,” reflects the history of the country.
Al-Ittihad Square, located in the west of the island, is also of interest. It is decorated with six impressive sculptures made of snow-white stone, which are symbols of Arabia - a cannon, a watchtower, a kind of cap with which the Arabs cover food, a coffee pot, a vessel for washing hands in rose water and a bowl for burning incense.
To the south of the square is the oldest architectural landmark of the city - the Qasr Al Hosn fortress, or White Fort, built in 1793. Its most ancient part, one of the watchtowers, was erected to guard the only source of water on the island at that time. The image of the tower can be seen on the 1000 dirham banknote. Until 1966, Qasr Al-Hosn had the status of the residence of the sheikhs of the Al-Nahyan family, which still rules in Abu Dhabi.
The north-western end of the square borders the many kilometers long central embankment of the city - the Corniche, the most beautiful and popular place in Abu Dhabi. It stretches from the Sheraton Hotel to the Emirates Palace, one of the most luxurious hotels in the Middle East. This wide promenade with graceful fountains, restaurants, cafes, bicycle paths and pedestrian areas is divided into several magnificent landscaped parks. It overlooks the ten-kilometer man-made island of Al Lulu. According to the project, upon final completion, it will become one of the most prestigious holiday destinations in Abu Dhabi.
The spacious city beach of Corniche Beach Park is located between Al Hosn Family Park and the Hilton Hotel. It became the first beach among others on the Persian Gulf coast to be awarded the Blue Flag in 2011 and still holds it. On the seashore with white silky sand, all conditions for a comfortable stay are created. The territory is divided into 5 zones: a beach for families, women and children, where single men are not allowed to enter (10 dirhams for an adult, 5 dirhams for a child), a paid beach where entry is open to everyone (the same price), and three accessible to everyone free public beach. On all beaches you need to pay for the use of umbrellas, sunbeds and towels. However, you can simply sunbathe on the sand - this is not forbidden.
In the north-east of the Corniche, on the Al Mina peninsula, there is a harbor where traditional Arabic dhows, boats and yachts are moored, on which you can go on a mini-cruise along the coast.
Nearby there are two small colorful markets: a fish market, where freshly caught fish is unloaded and sold in the morning, and the Iranian souq, beloved by tourists - even rows of shops and shops located at the very tip of the pier. The counters offer a variety of goods: handmade rugs, copper coffee pots, traditional Arabic jewelry, embossing, antiques, and jewelry. Most of the products are brought here from Iran, Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.
Not far from the Corniche embankment (across the canal) there is Al Marina Island, where there are many interesting places. Among them, one of the main attractions of the capital is the Abu Dhabi Heritage Village, or, as it is more often called, the Abu Dhabi Heritage Village. There is an exhibition here demonstrating the life of the inhabitants of the Arabian desert in ancient times, archaeological finds are presented: weapons made of bronze, jewelry made of gold. Periodically, performances by dancers and musicians take place here. The entrance is free.
The grand Marina Mall shopping center is located nearby. Its infrastructure includes a cinema, bowling alley, skating rink, observation deck, cafes, restaurants, but most importantly, it is simply a paradise for shopping lovers.
A fascinating route around the city on excursion buses from Big Bus Tours starts from Marina Mall. Traveling on one of these dark red, open-top, double-decker buses offers the best views of Abu Dhabi. The bus moves slowly along a circular route, along which there are 11 stops. A ticket starting at Dh182 for an adult and Dh90 for a child will allow you to get on and off the next bus at any of the stops. The ticket is valid for 24 hours. The excursion is accompanied by an audio guide, which broadcasts in 8 languages, including Russian.
Al Saadiyat Island is located near the Al Mina Peninsula. It has a natural origin and, according to far-reaching plans, should become the cultural capital of the UAE. Major cultural attractions - the Guggenheim Museum of Abstract Art, the Sheikh Zayed National Museum, the Louvre Abu Dhabi - are in various stages of completion of projects. But the nine-kilometer beach area has already been built up with luxury hotels, beach complexes and golf clubs. There is also a small public beach, favored by tourists due to its snow-white sand and crystal clear water. You need to pay 25 dirhams to enter it, and the same amount for using a sun lounger and umbrella.
25 minutes from the center of Abu Dhabi, on the southern part of the artificial island of Al Yas, the Yas Marina Circuit was built, which impresses with an original concept. The Abu Dhabi Grand Prix is held here, one of the stages of the Formula 1 World Auto Racing Championship.
To the north of the circuit is the largest indoor theme park on the planet, Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, with an area of 86,000 m². Its gigantic, streamlined roof (200,000 m²), curved in places, is made in Ferrari’s signature red colors and is decorated with the grandiose logo of the legendary brand.
Of the many attractions in the park, extreme sports fans choose the Ferrari Rossa roller coaster, which gives desperate extreme sports enthusiasts the opportunity to experience what a speed of 240 km/h means.
The cost of visiting the park is 275 dirhams for adults, 230 dirhams for children over 3 years old.
Al Gharbiya
The dominant part of the territory of the emirate of Abu Dhabi (83%) belongs to the Al Gharbiya region. It is called "the place where the desert meets the sea." Al Gharbia's many kilometers of coastline are lined with luxurious white beaches, and the numerous forts that can be seen here against the backdrop of an impressive landscape are reminders of the history of this land.
150 km from the capital, among the sands of the endless Rub al-Khali desert, lies the Liwa oasis, which is a kind of chain of small patches of greenery that stretch like a horseshoe for almost 100 km, uniting fifty cities.
These life-giving corners of the land with palm groves and freshwater reservoirs have traditionally served as the home of the Beni Yaz tribe, from which the dynasties ruling today in Abu Dhabi and Dubai descend. In ancient times, the main occupation of the inhabitants of the oases was the breeding of camels and the cultivation of date palms.
Paying tribute to this tradition, residents of the UAE come here en masse during two traditional festivals: date and camel. These celebrations are held in the main city of Al-Gharbiya - Madinat Zayed. Here the “ships of the desert” compete in beauty, running and milk yield. By the way, the cost of a racing camel exceeds one and a half million dirhams, and some fans of camel competitions own entire herds of such runners. A champion camel is a prestigious and very profitable movable property, because the winners receive valuable gifts - expensive cars, collectible weapons, souvenirs made of pure gold.
In Liwa you will see majestic dunes whose color changes throughout the day - from light gold to crimson. The sands are especially magnificent in the morning and evening hours. You can ski on the dunes.
One of the most magnificent natural attractions of the UAE, the island of Sir Bani Yas, is located in the most remote corner of Al Gharbia, 250 km from Abu Dhabi. Almost the entire territory of the island (87 km²) is a natural reserve called the Arabian Wildlife Park.
Archaeological finds indicate that people lived here several centuries ago. But by the middle of the last century, the island had practically turned into a desert. The Emir of Abu Dhabi liked this place, and the island began to come to life. Since 1971, when the reserve was formed here, more than 8 million ornamental and fruit trees have already been planted on this piece of land, rare species of animals and birds have been brought here, hotels, restaurants, cafes, and equestrian clubs have been built for guests of the island.
Today, white antelopes, cheetahs, mountain sheep, ostriches, giraffes, and gazelles live here. You can travel around the island of Sir Bani Yas by bicycle or horseback, and learn about the wonders of the underwater world while wearing scuba gear. The luxurious coastline is home to dolphins, which can be observed from October to March.
Al Ain
Al Ain is the oldest city in the UAE. It is the administrative center of the eastern region of the emirate of Abu Dhabi. The city is located in the foothills of the Jabar al-Hajjar massif on the border with the Sultanate of Oman. In Al Ain, which preserves the spirit of a real Arab city, the indigenous residents of the crowded cities located on the coast of the Persian Gulf like to relax. Many wealthy families have their own apartments or villas here.
Fertile lands and a relatively mild climate have turned Al Ain into a garden city, where flowers are fragrant all year round, and evergreen trees and shrubs provide coolness. You will not see skyscrapers here, since the city has restrictions on the height of buildings erected.
In the very center of the city is the Al Ain oasis with its huge date palm plantations. It is to this oasis that the city owes its name, which means “spring” in Arabic.
In the eastern part of the oasis there is the ancient Al Ain Palace Museum, which in the past served as the residence of the first president of the UAE, whose homeland is this city. The territory of the museum includes several courtyards that once separated the male and female halves of the palace, many halls and chambers, and high watch towers. The rich art gallery of the museum is interesting, where you can see portraits of persons from the ruling family in Abu Dhabi. A visit to the museum will cost 3 dirhams.
The city has many mosques and modern shopping centers, oriental markets and original fountains. It is visited by hundreds of thousands of tourists, for whom the doors of beautiful, comfortable hotels are open.
Al Ain is located away from the coast, so one of the most popular places here is Wadi Adventure. This man-made water park is located at the foot of the majestic Jebel Hafeet mountain and is the only water park in the region with artificial water streams, where you can go rafting, kayaking, and surfing. There is also a 3.3 meter deep swimming pool and a 1.7 km kayaking ramp.
Be sure to visit Wildlife Park & Resort - the largest zoo in the UAE. On its vast territory, in spacious enclosures, animals from different parts of the planet have found their home, many species of which today are on the verge of extinction. The zoo is located near Mount Jebel Hafeet (1240 m). You can climb to its top along an 11-kilometer serpentine road and capture amazing panoramas from one of the observation platforms.
Emirate of Dubai
In terms of its territory, the emirate of Dubai is second only to the capital emirate, but outside the city of the same name, the land is practically deserted. In the west, the emirate is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, in the northeast it neighbors Sharjah, and in the south it neighbors Abu Dhabi.
Everything in this emirate is amazing: the tallest buildings on the planet, man-made islands that are visible from space, luxury hotels - a manifestation of the flight of human imagination, grand shopping malls where you can wander forever, and the most incredible leisure options. Its green parks provide cool shelter and shelter from the scorching sun.
Dubai was founded in 1833. The huge city grew out of two tiny settlements located at the mouth of Khor Dubai Creek (often called Dubai Creek): one of them, Deira, was located on the northeastern shore of the gulf, and the second, Bar Dubai, was on the southwest. Today, these areas are the historical core of an ultra-modern, constantly growing metropolis, home to more than 2 million people.
The northern outskirts of the city have already practically connected with the territory of the neighboring emirate of Sharjah, so the city can only expand to the east, conquering the sands of the desert, and to the southwest, beyond Jumeirah - a fashionable area where luxury villas and hotels are located, which are often called the incredible word " seven-star.”
In the southwest of Dubai there is a grand port, as well as the Jabel Ali Free Economic Zone, which is one of the main pillars of the UAE's wealth. This territory is connected with the business center of the city, built up with skyscrapers, by a high-speed multi-lane highway.
Dubai's main inland body of water, which has been its natural harbor since the city's inception, is a narrow sea bay, 14 km deep, cutting into the land, which is why it can be mistaken for a river. The traditional means of communication between the banks were flat-bottomed wooden boats - abra. They still ply the length and breadth of the bay today, mainly as water taxis.
The historical district of the city, which is located on the shore of the bay, is called Bastakiya. It is built up with buildings from the late 19th – early 20th centuries. These houses were built according to the traditional Arab principle: the foundation is built from a mixture of red clay and palm wood, and the walls are made of coral blocks and limestone slabs. Merchants, fishers and wealthy families lived here.
A walk through Bastakiya should start from the Sheikh Mohammed Cultural Center - one of the most elegant buildings in the area, then, passing the Bastakiah Nights restaurant, which is also located in a historical building, to the White Mosque and the last surviving section of the city wall. Next, explore one of the art galleries and head to Al Fahidi Fort, where today the Dubai City Museum is located. The main part of its exhibitions is located in the underground part, equipped with the latest museum technologies.
There are many beautiful mosques built in Dubai, but only one of them is open to tourists, however, it is the most impressive. This is the Jumeirah Mosque, which first welcomed believers in 1979. Built from pink sandstone, it is an example of Arab architecture from the 10th to 13th centuries, and has two minarets. After visiting the Muslim temple, take a stroll through the exotic gardens that surround it.
The modern areas of the city are crossed by the famous ten-lane Sheikh Zayed Road, heading towards Abu Dhabi. From its south-eastern side you can see the 39-storey building of the Dubai World Trade Center. This is the first skyscraper in the UAE, which was built back in 1979, and its height is “only” 149 m. To the south, the Emirates Towers soar upward. These two skyscrapers, built in the shape of a triangle, have different heights, but are similar like twin brothers. In the higher building (355 m, 56 floors) there are offices of the Emirates airline company, in the other (309 m, 54 floors) there is the prestigious Emirates Towers hotel and the Emirates Towers Boulevard shopping complex, where boutiques under the brands of world fashion luminaries are located.
To the east lies one of the most modern and shiny areas of Dubai - Downtown Burj Khalifa with its legendary skyscrapers. In the very center there is an artificial lake, in the middle of which there is a musical fountain, the height of its beating jets reaches 275 meters. In the evenings, it is painted in different colors by 6,000 light sources, and the action is a fantastic extravaganza of water dance, music and colors.
On the shore of the lake rises the tallest building on the planet - the Burj Khalifa skyscraper (“Khalifa Tower”). It was built over 6 years and opened its doors in 2010. The skyscraper rises up to 828 m. It has 163 floors, excluding technical ones. Most of the space in the colossal building is reserved for prestigious offices and residences.
The lower floors of the Khalifa Tower are occupied by the luxurious Armani Hotel Dubai, and on the 122nd floor there is the At.mosphere restaurant, which is located above all other restaurants in the world. Those who want to admire the city from a bird's eye view can climb to the 124th floor (505 m). The At the Top observation deck awaits them here. Entrance here is by ticket (from 75 dirhams). They can be ordered in advance on the skyscraper’s website or purchased immediately before visiting the observation deck on the lower floor of the Dubai Mall, although it will be significantly more expensive.
The Dubai Mall is one of the largest shopping and entertainment complexes in the world, with a total area of 1,124,000 m². This four-level shopping center houses more than 1,200 shops, two department stores, a gold market, and hundreds of cafes and restaurants. Among the attractions located on the territory of the complex are an Olympic-sized ice skating rink and the world's largest indoor aquarium, which is inhabited by a huge number of marine life. You can admire them for free, but to feed the fish by entering a special tunnel, or swim in a steel cage among sharks, you will need to pay 70 dirhams.
Another famous shopping and entertainment center, the Mall of Emirates, houses the world's largest indoor ski resort, welcoming guests to sunny Dubai all year round. The height of the complex is 85 m. There are 5 slopes and a 90 m long track for snowboarders, as well as lifts, toboggan runs, an ice cave and a cinema.
To get the full impression of Dubai, you simply need to visit the man-made islands - Palm Jumeirah. The archipelago consists of three islands, each of them shaped like palm fronds. They are connected to the mainland by a strip of sand, representing the trunk.
The archipelago is like a beautiful city with elegant houses, apartments, hotels, wonderful roads, restaurants, embankments, which offer amazing views of Dubai, especially in the evening hours, when the city begins to illuminate with lights. A holiday here, of course, is not for a budget tourist, but it is easy to go on an excursion - you can get here by metro or taxi.
Al Mamzer Beach Park is located on the northeast coast of Dubai. Its vast, well-groomed territory is divided into five zones located in small coves. The park has two large swimming pools, sports and children's playgrounds, cozy cafes, kiosks where you can buy ice cream and water. Entrance here costs 5 dirhams, entry by car costs 30 dirhams, you need to pay separately for an umbrella and sun loungers, as well as for using the pool.
Al Mamzer is the extreme point of Dubai. The coast stretching further to the northeast is Sharjah.
Emirate of Sharjah
In the west, the coast of the emirate of Sharjah is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, and in the east by the Gulf of Oman. Its history begins back in 1630. It is known that Sharjah was the richest city in the region, whose wealth was based on pearling, trade, slave trade and piracy. In 1727, the Al-Qasimi tribal clan established itself here, still ruling in Sharjah and the neighboring emirate of Ras al-Khaimah. This dynasty, whose representatives commanded the entire pirate fleet in the Persian Gulf in the 18th century, particularly adheres to the dogmas of Sharia, so the basis of all areas of life in Sharjah is the conservative traditions of Islam.
Alcohol is strictly taboo here; it cannot be bought even in hotels. It is also prohibited to store strong drinks in a hotel room. In practice, no one, of course, will carry out a search, but it is unpleasant to feel like a violator of the law. This is probably why prices for accommodation in local hotels are much lower than in other emirates, which reduces the cost of the tour. Hugging and kissing on the streets is unacceptable; you can be fined for it. Also, according to local laws, it is prohibited to appear on the beaches in open swimsuits. On hotel beaches they turn a blind eye to the “frivolous” look, but on public beaches, of which there are quite a few, security may approach a lawbreaker and ask her to change clothes.
But Sharjah is a real museum and cultural treasure. None of the UAE emirates can compare with it in terms of the number, variety and technical equipment of museums. Many are housed in beautiful modern buildings and lovingly restored forts. For such a respectful attitude towards its historical traditions, in 2014 Sharjah received the honorary title of cultural capital of the Arab world.
The architecture of the capital of the emirate, Sharjah, contrasts sharply with the architecture of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. It is closest to traditional Arabic. There are about 600 mosques in the city, and they continue to be built. The only mosque in Sharjah that is accessible to tourists is the Al Noor Mosque. But you can visit the Museum of Islamic Civilization on any day of the week except Friday. It has a rich collection of spiritual literature, objects of Islamic art and crafts from the period of the 17th-19th centuries. Women will be interested in admiring jewelry created in different eras, and men will be interested in examining the wonderful collection of weapons. Curious tourists will not miss the Sharjah Archaeological Museum, where you can get acquainted with the history of the region, starting from the times when it was inhabited by primitive communities. No less interesting is the Art Museum with a delightful interior that can be called a work of art. The museum is one of the largest art galleries in the UAE and throughout the Middle East. Most of the art exhibition is the work of Orientalist artists of the 18th century.
Sharjah Al-Khish Fort is located in the historical part of the city. This restored fortification is a classic example of local architecture from the early 19th century.
For fun, head to Al Qasbah. This park is located in a pedestrian area near Khalid Lagoon. Here, as throughout the city, everything is very decent. In cozy cafes and restaurants you can have an inexpensive meal, send your children to play in a completely safe playground, then ride a Ferris wheel, stroll along the embankment, and in the evening admire the show of singing fountains.
Shopping is a pleasure at the famous Blue Market. They sell beautiful hand-woven Iranian silk carpets, original copper, silver and gold items, clothing, perfumes and, of course, all kinds of gadgets.
Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah
The northernmost emirate of the UAE is bordered by the picturesque Hajar Mountains to the east and the Persian Gulf coast to the west. It also includes several islands in the bay. It lacks the luxury found in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, but it does have majestic coastline mountains, lush vegetation, some of the best beaches in the country, and thermal healing springs around which the popular Hutt Springs spa resort is built.
The emirate is also famous for the fact that it is home to the highest mountain in the UAE - Jebel Jais. Its peak reaches a height of 1934 m, and a 20-kilometer serpentine road leads to it. Recently, the emirate's authorities announced their intention to build a fashionable resort here with a sports focus.
Ras al-Khaimah is also a pioneer in introducing the All inclusive system; more than half of the hotels here already operate according to it.
There is also a unique water park “Ice Land”, the pride of the emirate, where, in addition to tourists, residents from all over the country come. The style of the park, located in the capital of the emirate, the city of Ras al-Khaimah, is a fantasy on the theme of the Ice Age. Its talented design will indeed create the impression that you are in the Arctic Circle, and surrounded by figures of penguins, seals, and polar bears, you will happily spend time having fun on water attractions. Entrance to the water park is 175 dirhams for an adult, 110 dirhams for a child.
In the Old City of the capital of the emirate, it is interesting to look at the noisy market, explore the old mosque, and stroll along the fishing pier. Its main historical attraction is Fort Al-Hisi, where the residence of the emirs from the Al-Qasimi dynasty was located. Today it houses the National Museum of Ras Al Khaimah.
The main historical monuments of the emirate are located outside the capital. 18 km from its center is al-Jazeera al-Hamra, an abandoned village often called a “ghost town”. This is a unique corner of the UAE, because the ancient settlement, founded in the 4th century, has not been restored and seems frozen in time. Here you can explore the fortress, market, mosques, houses, many of which are built of coral stone.
Not far from the capital is the Old Fort, or Dayah Fort. Built in the 16th century from adobe brick, this fortress sits on top of a hill overlooking the bay. For centuries it protected the region from attacks from the sea. The hill offers a stunning panorama of the surrounding area of the emirate.
To the north of the capital, near the Hajar Mountains, lies an area that is the most archaeologically important in the UAE. Here, near the village of Shamal Jalfar, archaeologists discovered several hundred tombs of the pre-Islamic period and settlements dating back to 2000-1300. BC e.
Emirate of Fujairah
The Emirate of Fujairah is located in the very east of the UAE, and its coastline is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Oman. Almost its entire territory, except for the coast, is occupied by mountains interspersed with picturesque valleys. The climate here is quite mild, with a refreshing breeze blowing on the coast, and in winter there are even heavy rains.
Fujairah is called the most beautiful emirate of the UAE. Its beaches with secluded coves are incredibly alluring, while the coral reefs off the coast and clear seas attract scuba diving enthusiasts. Luxurious beach resorts are located away from the bustle of the city. They are popular among those tourists who prefer peace and solitude to a noisy holiday.
The capital of the emirate, Fujairah, does not have grandiose skyscrapers, but its wide streets with beautiful modern buildings, fountains, sculptural compositions in the form of falcons, traditional coffee pots, cups, and incense burners are very beautiful and elegant.
It is in this emirate that the oldest mosque in the UAE, Al-Bidiya, is located, built in the mid-16th century. This mosque has no minarets and is quite modest. Its main value is spiritual.
Another historical landmark of the emirate is the Al-Batna fortress, which is located in the city of Siji. This fort, erected in 1735, guarded the caravan routes for many years.
Directly in the capital there is a historical fort and a museum, where a large composition of archaeological and ethnographic rarities is presented.
Emirate of Umm Al Quwain
The miniature emirate of Umm al-Quwain is located in the northeast of the UAE. It extends 50 km from the coast, where its capital, Umm al-Quwain, is located.
A measured life flows here, and there are no large shopping centers, public transport, and there are not even a dozen hotels here. However, this provincial emirate is very curious. It is called an eco-emirate, as many corners of pristine nature have been preserved here.
Not far from its coast there are islands where migratory birds choose a resting place, graceful flamingos stand out among them. The largest among the islands is Al-Sinniyah. You can find gazelles there, and reef sharks swim into the coastal waters.
The emirate is also famous for its Maritime Research Center. Entrance is open here for tourists; in its aquarium they can observe the life of the inhabitants of the waters of the Persian Gulf.
Umm al-Quwain also has historical sites. Near the coast, archaeologists have found artifacts dating back to the 5th century BC. e. In the neighboring village of Al-Dur, which is believed to have existed as early as the 3rd millennium, tombs, an ancient fort and a temple have been preserved. The archaeological finds of Al-Dur can be seen in the historical museum of Umm al-Quwain, located in the Old City of the capital in the restored premises of an ancient fort.
The capital of the emirate also houses the largest water park in the UAE – Dreamland Aqua Park with a huge number of water attractions.
Fans of seafood restaurants should definitely check out Wadi Al Neel Seafood Restaurant. Here they prepare excellent dishes from sea bass, flounder, king mackerel, shrimp, crabs, which is not surprising, because Umm al-Qwain is one of the largest fishing centers in the UAE, and it is from here that many species of underwater inhabitants are supplied to other emirates.
Emirate of Ajman
The smallest emirate of the UAE is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf on a 16 km strip between Umm al-Quwain and Sharjah. It is this snow-white, flour-like strip of sand that is one of the few objects of interest to tourists. The emirate's authorities, dreaming of a large flow of guests, are developing a variety of attractive projects, but so far only one of them has borne some fruit. We are talking about the local store “Hole in The Wall” (“Breach in the Wall”), where you can buy any foreign alcoholic drink without restrictions. Tourists and migrant workers from other emirates often come here, not paying attention to the law that prohibits the export of alcohol from Ajman.
Active recreation
The Arabian desert of Rub al-Khali is a wonderful place for a jeep safari; the opportunity for such a trip will be provided to you in any emirate of the country. The best places for a mountain safari are in the emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, whose significant territory is occupied by the Hajar Mountains.
Fans of air adventures should go to the emirate of Umm al-Quwain, where the famous flying club in the UAE is located. Here you can go skydiving, paragliding, parachuting and even take piloting lessons.
An excellent place for divers is Fujairah, where the best diving sites are located on the coast of the Gulf of Oman. The local water area is also popular among fishing enthusiasts.
It is better to purchase clothes, perfumes and electronics in large shopping centers and malls. You shouldn’t do this in hotels, as the purchase will cost you much more. It is also better to buy gold and silver items in a shopping center to avoid being the owner of a fake.
Original souvenirs can be found at numerous oriental bazaars. There is an excellent assortment here, and there is an opportunity to bargain, reducing the price by 15-20%. It is interesting to purchase traditional Arabic utensils for making coffee - nice copper coffee pots and cezves. Among those who like to decorate the interior, transparent vessels filled with sand of different colors and figurines of camels made of stone, wood, and cedi are popular. Here you can find beautiful jewelry from Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan and handmade woven items.
National cuisine
The cuisine of the UAE differs little from the cuisine of other countries in the Middle East. It uses spices and spices everywhere, and there are no pork dishes. But other meat dishes are excellent here. The lamb with raisins, steamed chicken with honey, juicy shawarma, and biryani (meat or fish with rice) are absolutely incomparable. The fish here is very tasty, and the cost of fish dishes is quite affordable. But seafood does not have an interesting taste; usually they are simply boiled.
Street food in Dubai
The UAE has excellent sweet delicacies: Turkish delight, halva, pies with raisins and sweet cheese, an indispensable attribute of dessert – dates, which are simply magnificent here. The national drink is coffee, which Arabs prepare in copper pots and drink only freshly brewed.
UAE Hotels
There are hotels of various categories in the UAE. In famous luxury hotels, such as the Emirates Palace or the Burj Khalifa, which awarded itself a 7-star category in 1999, the marble floors of royally luxurious rooms are covered with hand-woven carpets, coffee is served on silver trays strewn with rose petals, and on the beaches There will always be one of the hotel staff ready to rush over to wipe your sunglasses or serve you a refreshing drink at any moment. A day spent in a standard room in one of these hotels will cost you at least $750.
However, in the United Arab Emirates, not only such hotels can boast of their service, since the level of the entire hotel infrastructure is very high here. Hotels can be divided into three groups:
- located on the coast and having their own beach;
- located near the coastline, but without a beach, which provide their guests with the right to use the beaches of coastal hotels (for a fee or free of charge) and provide transfer;
- city hotels, which in some cases have their own “branch” in the form of bungalows on the coast, delivering tourists there by minibuses, or provide transfers to public beaches.
A holiday in a five-star hotel in the UAE with its own beach costs at least $200 per day, in a four-star hotel – at least $100, in a three-star hotel – from $80. Prices fluctuate depending on the season.
Transport
Public transport in the UAE is quite poorly developed - it is usually used by visiting hired workers, so it is recommended to travel around the cities by taxi or rented car. Taxis in the UAE are the main way of transportation for tourists, so many taxi drivers speak English. All taxis are equipped with taximeters; they are easy to recognize by special identification marks. There are women's taxis here, these cars are painted pink and are driven by women.
Dubai has the only two-line metro in the country. The cost of the trip depends on the distance and type of carriage. One trip in a regular carriage will cost a maximum of 7.5 dirhams (about $2).
You can rent a car in the United Arab Emirates with or without a driver. To drive, an international driver's license is required (CIS driving licenses are not valid in the UAE) and insurance. The driver must be over 21 years of age.
Violators of traffic rules are punished very strictly in the UAE. For running a red light you will be required to pay a fine of $800, for failure to use seat belts - $150, for drunk driving - deportation from the country or imprisonment, for damage to government property - $10,000. The speed limit within the city is 60 km/h, on highways – 100 km/h. Almost all parking is paid, except from 13:00 to 16:00. The quality of roads in the UAE is excellent, but local residents, especially rich young people, behave extremely rudely on the roads.
Connection
Mobile communications in the UAE are provided by Etisalat and Du operators. To purchase a SIM card you must present your passport. Etisalat has developed the Ahlan tariff plan, which is suitable for short stays in the country. The cost of a call abroad is about $0.7, the cost of an SMS is $0.25. You can access the World Wide Web by using the services of an Internet cafe or Wi-Fi in many cafes, restaurants and hotels in the UAE.
Safety
The UAE is the safest Muslim country in the world. There is practically no crime, you can walk at any time of the day, but in the evening and at night it is recommended to avoid areas where settlements of visiting hired workers are located.
For throwing away garbage or crossing the road in the wrong place, a fine of $135 will be required, and for foul language you will be taken into custody.
There are many strong coastal currents in the Persian Gulf, so you should always soberly assess your strengths and not let children go into the water alone. It is best to dive under the supervision of a local instructor who is familiar with the characteristics of the area.
Business
Making the UAE the most important financial and trading center in the Middle East is one of the government's main goals. To achieve it, a number of free economic zones have been created, the banking and transport infrastructure is constantly developing, taxes are simplified (corporate, income, VAT, from the wage fund), currency is freely convertible (UAE dirham), free movement of capital is guaranteed, etc.
All the best hotels are equipped with magnificent, ultra-modern conference rooms, suitable for both inter-corporate negotiations and the organization of large international symposiums and congresses. Every year, business centers in Dubai and Abu Dhabi hold business seminars and exhibitions of products from world-famous companies.
Real estate
Foreign citizens have the right to purchase real estate in the UAE - this is even welcome. Since 2006, foreigners have received the right to purchase land plots for new facilities; the rest can be taken out for long-term lease. The cost of 1 m² of housing ranges from $2,000 to $6,000. The residential real estate market comes mainly from new buildings; the secondary housing market is not developed.
Residential buildings in the UAE are always built at an accelerated pace and most often using low-paid labor, so even the so-called “luxury” complexes actually offer low-quality housing. Dense development, especially on the “palm trees” in the coastal waters of Dubai, leads to a lack of picturesque views from the window, and one can only dream of peace and tranquility here.
As commercial real estate, Russian citizens are most interested in office premises, shops, hotels and restaurants. The average cost of 1 m² of office is $1,700, for a hotel - about $7,000.
In the UAE, Muslim traditions are strictly observed, so there are a number of prohibitions that also apply to tourists.
Thus, you cannot appear in beachwear outside of beaches and swimming pools, and sunbathing without a swimsuit or its upper part is strictly prohibited. Women are only allowed to sit in the back seat of a car and should never get into a car without a taxi badge (you may be mistaken for a woman of easy virtue). It is prohibited to be in public places while intoxicated. You cannot kiss, hug, or show obscene gestures. Gambling and sexual relations not legalized by marriage are prohibited. You cannot talk to local women on the street, so only men will be allowed to photograph, after asking their permission first. In the United Arab Emirates, there is also a strict ban on photographing sheikhs' palaces, military installations, banks and government offices.
Man reading the KoranMoney, food and things are taken only with the right hand. When visiting the locals, you shouldn’t skip a few cups of coffee. When shaking hands, do not look the other person in the eye.
Customs restrictions, in addition to the standard import of weapons, pornography and drugs, apply to a number of medications, so for the necessary medications it is best to get a prescription with the Latin name and dosage.
When traveling to the UAE during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, remember that many establishments, including shops and restaurants, may change their opening hours. During the day there are practically no places where you can have lunch, since at this time a strict fast is observed between dawn and sunset. Even tourists are condemned here and can officially complain to the police if they eat, drink, smoke or dress indecently - from the point of view of the local population.
- a federation consisting of several emirates. Each of them is actually a separate country - an absolute monarchy. All emirates differ in size (some can be classified as dwarf states), natural and climatic conditions, level of tourist popularity and many other factors. Our article will tell you which emirates are part of the UAE, what their names are and the features of each of them that are important for.
How many emirates are there in the UAE?
When going on vacation to the mysterious eastern country of the UAE, it would be useful to know that there are exactly 7 points on the list of Arab emirates, their names are as follows:
On the map below you can see how they are located and what is the approximate distance between the UAE emirates. It is noteworthy that the administrative center of each of the emirates bears the same name as the emirate itself. Emirates are not regions, not states, not provinces, but full-fledged small countries. Each of them is ruled by its own emir. The emirates united into one state relatively recently, in 1972. The United Arab Emirates is headed by the Emir of Abu Dhabi.
In which emirate is better to relax in the UAE, everyone decides for himself. For some, the most important thing is the quality of a beach holiday, others like active entertainment, and still others come to the UAE for shopping. Only one thing is certain: the seven emirates contain all the best you could wish for:
- – both ultra-modern and ancient, with a touch of oriental exoticism;
- first-class beaches;
- ample opportunities for, and even, surprisingly, ski holidays;
- the world's largest shopping centers and malls.
So, let's figure out what the name of each of the seven emirates that make up the UAE means for tourists.
Abu Dhabi - the main emirate
It is the largest and richest emirate in the country. It occupies 66% of the UAE's territory, covering an area of 67,340 sq. km and a population of more than 2 million people. The basis of the local economy is oil production. Description of the main emirate of the UAE:
Dubai is the most popular emirate
Mostly lovers of shopping and active entertainment relax here, fortunately there are plenty of them here. Uninformed tourists sometimes mistakenly call Dubai the capital of the emirates, and it is not surprising: despite its modest size, this emirate of the UAE is the busiest, this can be seen even from the photo. Here's what sets it apart from others:
Sharjah is the strictest emirate in the UAE
The country's third largest emirate, it is the only one that is washed simultaneously by the waters of both the Oman and Persian Gulfs. This is a very popular tourist place where people come for impressions of the exotic East. The main features of the emirate are:
Fujairah - the most picturesque emirate
Its pride is the golden sandy beaches of the Indian Ocean, where wealthy Western tourists love to relax. Fujairah differs from other emirates in many ways:
Ajman - the smallest emirate
It occupies about 0.3% of the country's territory. Of all the emirates, only Ajman has no oil deposits. The nature of the emirate is very picturesque: tourists are surrounded by snow-white beaches and tall palm trees. In Ajman, they are engaged in the production of pearls and sea vessels. Basic information about this small and cozy emirate:
Ras Al Khaimah is the northernmost emirate
And also the most fertile: lush vegetation strikingly distinguishes it from the desert landscapes of other emirates. The mountains here come close to the shore, which looks very picturesque. So, what is this emirate famous for:
Umm Al Quwain is the poorest emirate in the UAE
This part of the country is underdeveloped and sparsely populated. People here mainly engage in agriculture - they grow dates. This is a quiet and perhaps least popular emirate:
Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Branch of Moscow State University in Sevastopol
Faculty of Economics and Management
Department "Management"
TEST No. 2 (Asia):
« United Arab Emirates (UAE) »
Performed:
4th year student
Zaikina A.M.
Checked:
Kudlay A.A.
Sevastopol
INTRODUCTION
United Arab Emirates(Arabic: الإمارات العربية المتحدة 'Al-'Ima ̄ra ̄t ’al- ʻArabiya ’al-Muttahida) is a state in southwest Asia in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders with Saudi Arabia in the west and south, with Oman in the southeast and in the northeast (Omani enclave of Madha). It is washed by the waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs.
The United Arab Emirates occupies an area shaped like a rhinoceros horn that juts out into the Persian Gulf from the northeastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. Together, all the UAE emirates cover an area approximately the same size as Portugal. The Emirate of Abu Dhabi occupies 85% of the area of the entire UAE; and the smallest of the emirates, Ajman, is only 250 km².
The peculiarity of the geography of the UAE is that most of the territory of the United Arab Emirates is occupied by a featureless desert, lying near the borders of the Empty Quarter (Rub al-Khali) - the largest desert of sand in the world, which is located in the southeast of Saudi Arabia. The coastal areas of the United Arab Emirates are covered with a layer of salt, while the northern and eastern regions of the country are covered in greenery and invite you to enjoy the stunning mountain landscape
The population of the UAE is 4.8 million people, of which ethnic Arabs make up only a third, and indigenous people make up 11%. The rest are from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and other south Asian countries who immigrated to the UAE as temporary workers. 85% of people living in the country are not its citizens. Arab immigrants are represented mainly by Palestinian refugees.
Almost all UAE citizens are Muslims, 85% of whom are Sunnis and 15% are Shiites
88% of the Emirates' population is concentrated in cities. The largest and most dynamically developing city is Dubai with a population of more than 2.5 million people. Other major cities are Abu Dhabi (the capital), Al Ain, Fujairah and Sharjah.
The United Arab Emirates includes 7 emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah and Sharjah. The state is headed by the emir of the largest emirate, Abu Dhabi. The capital is Abu Dhabi, the economic capital is Dubai.
STATE AND POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UAE
The UAE is a federal state consisting of 7 emirates (absolute monarchies) with special powers delegated to the federation. The Constitution of 1971 is in force, in 1996 it was transformed from temporary to permanent.
Federal High Council
According to the constitution of 1971 (as amended in 1976; temporary until 1996), the highest body of state power is
The Council meets 4 times a year and has broad powers. The Supreme Council of the Union determines the domestic and foreign policy of the state, and the Council of Ministers is responsible to the Supreme Council for the implementation of this policy. Its exclusive jurisdiction is the ratification of international treaties and agreements; introduction and lifting of a state of emergency; declaration of war; appointment of the chairman and members of the Supreme Federal Court. Along with this, the Supreme Council determines general federal policy and exercises supreme control over the affairs of the federation; approves federal legislation; appointment of the President, Vice-President, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Chairman of the Supreme Court and its members and acceptance of the resignation of each of them. The Supreme Council has the right to delegate to the head of state, together with the Council of Ministers, the publication of decrees and other normative acts. The Supreme Council of the Union has the exclusive right to appoint, dismiss and accept the resignation of the Prime Minister at the proposal of the head of state. In this regard, it should be noted that the right to appoint, dismiss and accept the resignation of the Deputy Prime Minister belongs to the Head of State at the proposal of the Prime Minister
However, the Supreme Council does not have the right to delegate its legislative powers on such issues as the signing of international agreements and treaties, the declaration of a state of emergency, the declaration of war and the appointment of the chairman of the highest court of the union and its members, since the resolution of these issues falls within the exclusive competence of the Supreme Council.
For all decisions made, except procedural issues, a majority of 5 votes is required in the Supreme Council, subject to the consent of the rulers of Abu Dhabi and Dubai, who have the right of veto.
The Council has its own regulations (Decision 4 of 1972), which determine the procedure for the work of the Council as follows: 1. The Council works in session. The session begins in the first week of October each year, with the Council meeting in plenary every two months during the session. The Chairman also has the right to convene the council for an extraordinary meeting if necessary or at the request of council members.
2. To hold a meeting, the presence of at least five council members must be present, among whom must be representatives of the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
3. Council meetings are closed, but the Council has the right to invite any minister or official to present information to its meeting. Council decisions are made by a majority vote of council members (5 out of 7), among which must be representatives of the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai, however, the regulations provide for issues that require the votes of all council members. So, for example, to decide on the admission of any Arab state to the union, it is necessary that all members of the council vote. In addition, if questions relate to the internal regulations of the Council, the regulations establish different quotas (for example, 4 votes if 7 members are present or 3 votes when 5 members are present at the meeting), and if the votes are divided, the Chairman’s vote is considered decisive.
Every 5 years from its composition the Supreme Council elects the head of the federation and his deputy - president and vice-president.
Head of State (President)
According to Art. 51 of the Constitution, the Head of State and his deputy are elected by the Supreme Council of the Union (from among its members) for a period of five years with the right of re-election. He is elected in accordance with the established procedure, i.e. by secret ballot, by a majority vote of the council members (5), among whom should be representatives of the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
If the head of state or his deputy leaves his post due to death, resignation, etc., the Supreme Council elects a successor to the head of state at a special meeting within a month. The elected successor exercises powers until the expiration of the term of office of the previous head of state.
Fast president United Arab Emirates is combined with the post of emir of the capital emirate of Abu Dhabi. Since the emirate itself is an absolute monarchy, power in it, and consequently in the entire state, is inherited
The head of state in the UAE has broad powers, which he carries out both individually and through the Supreme State Council and the Council of Ministers. The Constitution gives the head of state broad legislative and executive rights. Exercising executive power through ministers, the president at the same time presides over meetings of the FMS and has the right to veto any of its decisions. He can issue decrees and acts on any issues other than those within the exclusive competence of the FVS; appoint and dismiss the prime minister, his deputy and the cabinet of ministers. The head of state has the right (with the consent of the Supreme Council) to dissolve the national assembly.
The competence of the head of state includes: convening a meeting of the Supreme State Council and directing its work.
representation of the country in the international arena.
convening for a joint meeting of the Supreme Council and the Council of Ministers. Article 53 of the UAE Constitution determines that only the President has the right to declare the need for this meeting.
leadership of the Supreme Defense Council of the country. It includes: the head of state, the chairman of the government, the minister of foreign affairs, the minister of defense, the minister of finance, the minister of interior affairs, the Commander-in-Chief of the country's armed forces and the chairman of the UAE General Staff. The Supreme Defense Council makes decisions regarding defense, maintaining peace in the UAE, the security of the formation of the Armed Forces, their training and distribution to military camps. Consultants and military experts may be invited to Council meetings.
signing decrees and decisions. The head of state signs decrees and resolutions confirmed by the Supreme Council, normative acts adopted by the Council of Ministers (Article 114 of the Constitution)
monitoring the implementation of federal laws, decrees and decisions. In addition, Article 65 of the Constitution gives the head of state the right to demand from the Council of Ministers an annual report, which should contain an analysis of the work of the government and its individual members, the activities of the government in the field of domestic and foreign policy of the state.
In addition, the Constitution contains a list of powers, the execution of which is carried out by the head of state through the Supreme Council and the Council of Ministers. Among them:
appointment and dismissal of members of the state's diplomatic corps abroad (Article 54, paragraph 6);
appointment of senior civil and military officials (except for the chairman and judges of the Supreme Federal Court). It should be noted that paragraph 11 of Article 138 of the Constitution states that the appointment of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and the Chief of the General Staff, as well as their dismissal, is carried out with the consent of the Council of Ministers on the recommendation of the Minister of Justice;
announcement of amnesty and confirmation of death sentences (Article 54, paragraph 10).
There is a post of vice president. The Vice President is appointed by the Supreme Council of the Union for a 5-year term.
Since November 3, 2004, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan has held the post of President of the UAE. On November 3, 2009, the Supreme Council of the UAE extended the powers of Sheikh Khalifa as President of the country for a five-year term. The al-Nahyan clan has ruled the emirate of Abu Dhabi for more than 250 years.
The executive branch is represented by the Council of Ministers (consisting of 21 ministers and one deputy prime minister) headed by a chairman appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council.
From the point of view of constitutional doctrine, the executive power in the UAE is represented by three highest bodies - the head of state, the supreme council of the union and the council of ministers.
The powers of the Council of Ministers are defined in Article 60 of the Constitution. Its competence includes: development and proposal of bills;
development of a draft federal budget;
adoption of resolutions and instructions for the implementation of laws and other regulations;
monitoring the execution of court decisions, as well as international treaties and agreements;
appointment and dismissal of federal officials who do not require special orders from other higher state bodies.
Currently, the Council of Ministers is headed by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum (Emir of Dubai).
The Council of Ministers directly manages all internal and external affairs of the federation under the supervision of the head of state and the Federal Supreme Assembly. The Council of Ministers can make laws in all areas of ordinary jurisdiction, except for matters relating to the ratification of international treaties and agreements, the introduction or lifting of martial law, declaration of war, etc.
The role of the highest advisory body legislative power belongs to a unicameral Federal National Assembly(Federal Tax Service). It consists of 40 representatives appointed by the rulers of the emirates for 2 years: 8 deputies each from Abu Dhabi and Dubai (with veto power), 6 each from Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah, 4 each from Ajman, Umm Al -Kaiwaina and El Fujayra.
There is no electoral legislation; each emirate independently determines the method of electing deputies to parliament. According to legal scholars, the sheikh of the emirate selects members of the National Council of the Union after numerous consultations.
From among its members, the Federal Tax Service elects the presidium and the chairman of the National Assembly. Currently, the chairman of the Federal Tax Service is a deputy from the emirate of Abu Dhabi, Al-Haj Abdullah Al Mohairabi.
The National Assembly does not have only legislative power, but even legislative initiative. The Federal Tax Service only has the right to consider bills prepared by the Council of Ministers, propose amendments to them and even reject them, but the decisions of the meeting have no legal force. It has the right to discuss any issues, provided that the Council of Ministers does not consider the discussion of this issue to be contrary to the highest interests of the federal state. In addition, the National Assembly can make recommendations, which are also non-binding and can be rejected by the Council of Ministers.
In accordance with Article 110 of the UAE Constitution, if the National Council made an amendment to a draft law that was not accepted by the head of state or the Supreme Council, as well as in the case where the National Council of the Union rejected the bill, the head of state or the Supreme Council has the right to return him to the National Council. The head of state has the right to issue a law if it is approved by the Supreme Council.
Thus, the National Council of the Union does not have real power in matters relating to amending bills or refusing to adopt these projects. Based on this, it can be noted that the powers of this council in this case are purely advisory and recommendatory in nature, since the final decision belongs to the head of state and the Supreme Council of the Union. Therefore, the National Council can be classified as a consultative parliament, which is typical for the monarchies of the Middle East.
As can be seen, the powers of the National Council in the political sphere are limited, and the Council does not have the right to request or interrogate members of the government. The Council also does not have the right to declare a vote of no confidence in the Council of Ministers or its individual members.
Judicial branch
judiciary. The federal court system has existed since 1971; All emirates joined it, with the exception of Dubai and Ras al-Khaimah. All emirates have secular and Islamic (Sharia) laws for civil, criminal and high courts
The judiciary is represented Supreme Union Court, which is the supreme federal court of the United Arab Emirates. It consists of a chairman and 4 independent judges appointed by the president. The Supreme Court regulates relations between the emirates, members of the Supreme Union, federal and local authorities.
The Supreme Union Court stands at the top of the judiciary. According to Article 101 of the constitution, the court is an independent constitutional body whose task is to regulate relations between the central government and local authorities. Court decisions are final and binding
In addition to the Constitution, the activities of the Supreme Union Court are regulated by Federal Law 10 of 1973, as amended in 1985. According to this law, judges are independent and irremovable.
According to paragraphs 2-3 of Article 99 of the Constitution, the highest court is the only body authorized to decide the issue of compliance of the provisions of regulations and court decisions with the constitution of the country. The constitution also defines the parties who have the right to request the highest court: these can be the emirates, members of the union, federal authorities and individual citizens. It should be noted that the court decision itself does not repeal the law if it is unconstitutional, but only obliges the authorized government to take measures to eliminate norms that contradict the constitution (Article 101).
Administrative-territorial structure
The United Arab Emirates is a federal state consisting of seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah, Fujairah, Umm al-Quwain, Ajman.
There is no official administrative-territorial division in the emirates. Each emirate is a micro-state with an absolute monarchy. The key point in the administrative structure of the UAE is the right of each emirate to dispose of hydrocarbon reserves on its territory; in fact, in accordance with oil reserves, the influence of certain emirates in determining the general policy of the country is distributed. Thus, in the largest and richest of the emirates, Abu Dhabi (see table below), the capital city of Abu Dhabi is located, and the Emir of Abu Dhabi is also the President of the United Arab Emirates. The Emir of Dubai is the head of government.
Local authorities
In parallel to the federal institutions, each of the emirates has its own governing bodies.
The emirates are headed by hereditary monarchs (sheikhs or emirs). Power usually passes through the male line to the eldest son of the ruler, but the ruler can appoint another eldest relative from a given dynasty as heir. Each ruler has the highest legislative and executive powers and directly conducts all internal and external affairs that are not within the competence of the federal authorities.
The largest and most populous emirate, Abu Dhabi, has its own government, which is formed on the same principles as the federal one, and is headed by Crown Prince Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan.
Advisory functions are vested in the National Consultative Council, which has the same powers as the Federal National Assembly. It consists of 60 members representing the main tribes and influential families of the emirate.
There is no official administrative-territorial division in the emirates. Abu Dhabi alone is administratively divided into three regions. Along with this, in Abu Dhabi there is a system of representatives of the ruler. Currently, there are five such representatives: in the Eastern and Western regions, on Das Island, where an important oil terminal is located, etc.
Currently, there are municipalities in all the capitals of the emirates, as well as in the cities of Al Ain (Abu Dhabi), For Fakkan and Kalba (Sharjah). All municipalities are headed by members of the ruling dynasties. In the capitals of Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah, municipal councils have been established within the municipalities, including various departments. Their members are also appointed by the rulers. The functions of municipalities include issues of local government (organization of water and electricity supply, street improvement, etc.).
In small and remote settlements, the ruler and government of each emirate may appoint a local representative, an emir or wali, through whom residents can make their own requests to the government. In most cases, local tribal leaders are appointed as local representatives of the emir.
CONCLUSIONS
The government structure of the United Arab Emirates is a unique combination of republican and monarchical systems. The UAE is a federal state consisting of seven emirates - absolute monarchies. The state is headed by the Emir of Abu Dhabi, the government is headed by the Emir of Dubai.
The Constitution of 1971 is in force, in 1996 it was transformed from temporary to permanent.
The federal authorities consist of: the Head of State and his deputy, the Federal Supreme Council, the Council of Ministers, the Federal National Council, the Supreme Federal Court.
The highest body of government is the Federal Supreme Council (FSC), consisting of the rulers of the seven emirates. The Council meets 4 times a year and has broad powers, including appointing the President, Vice President, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Chairman of the Supreme Court and its members and accepting the resignation of each of them, etc. For all decisions made, except for procedural issues, a majority of 5 votes is required in the Supreme Council, subject to the consent of the rulers of Abu Dhabi and Dubai, who have the right of veto.
Every 5 years, the Supreme Council elects the head of the federation and his deputy - the president and vice-president - from among its members. The Constitution gives the head of state broad legislative and executive rights. Exercising executive power through ministers, the president at the same time presides over meetings of the FVS and has the right to veto any of its decisions.
Executive branch belongs to the Council of Ministers (consists of 21 ministers and one deputy prime minister), appointed by the head of state. The Council of Ministers directly manages all internal and external affairs of the federation under the supervision of the head of state and the Federal Supreme Assembly.
Role advisory body belongs to the unicameral Federal National Assembly (FNS). It consists of 40 representatives appointed by the rulers of the emirates for 2 years. The National Assembly does not have not only legislative power, but even legislative initiative
In parallel to the federal institutions, each of the emirates has its own governing bodies. The emirates are headed by hereditary monarchs (sheikhs or emirs). Advisory functions are vested in the National Consultative Council, which has the same powers as the Federal National Assembly. In all the capitals of the emirates there are municipalities, and under them municipal councils (members are appointed by the ruler)
The Constitution guarantees independence judicial power.
List of used literature
1)Wikipedia
2)http://www.yestravel.ru/uae/political_structure/
3)http://www.uzhel.ru/cgi/article/oae/political
4)http://www.oaeinfo.ru/info/state_system/
5)http://kommentarii.org/strani_mira_eciklopediy/oae.html
6)http://www.humanities.edu.ru/db/msg/1820
7)http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/strany_mira/OBEDINENNIE_ARABSKIE_EMIRATI_OAE.html
Annex 1
General characteristics of the state and political structure of the UAE
| Criterion | Characteristic |
| Constitution type | The Constitution of 1971 is in force, in 1996 it was transformed from temporary to permanent. The order of change is tough. |
| State structure, | The government of the United Arab Emirates is a unique combination of republican and monarchical systems. The UAE is a federal state consisting of seven emirates - absolute monarchies. The state is headed by the Emir of Abu Dhabi, the government is headed by the Emir of Dubai |
Administrative division of the UAE: |
The UAE consists of 7 emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Quwain, Fujairah, Sharjah. There is no official administrative-territorial division in the emirates. Each emirate is a micro-state with an absolute monarchy. Each emirate is headed by an emir (sheikh). Each ruler has the highest legislative and executive powers and directly conducts all internal and external affairs that are not within the competence of the federal authorities. The largest emirate by area is Abu Dhabi (occupies 87% of the territory). The smallest is Ajman (0.9%) The largest in terms of population is Abu Dhabi (36.8% of the population). The smallest is Umm al-Quwain (1.48%) |
| Local government model | In all the capitals of the emirates there are municipalities, and under them municipal councils (members are appointed by the ruler). All municipalities are headed by members of the ruling dynasties. In the capitals of Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah, municipal councils have been established within the municipalities, including various departments. Their members are also appointed by the rulers. The functions of municipalities include issues of local government (organization of water and electricity supply, street improvement, etc.). |
| Type of political regime | Authoritarian |
| Type of electoral system: | The first National Council Elections in 2006 took place through a new electoral institution - 6,689 Emiratis (including 1,189 women) appointed as rulers of the seven emirates - were voters and candidates; 456 candidates, including 65 women, competed for 20 seats on the National Council, with one woman from the emirate of Abu Dhabi winning a seat on the council. Until then, the population had virtually no voting rights. |
| Head of State | The post of President of the United Arab Emirates is combined with the post of Emir of the capital emirate of Abu Dhabi. The head of state and his deputy are elected by the Supreme Council of the Union (from among its members) for a period of five years with the right of re-election. The Constitution gives the head of state broad legislative and executive rights. Exercising executive power through ministers, the president at the same time presides over meetings of the FVS and has the right to veto any of its decisions. He can issue decrees and acts on any issues other than those within the exclusive competence of the FVS; The head of state has the right (with the consent of the Supreme Council) to dissolve the national assembly. He issues federal laws and controls the implementation of federal laws, decrees and acts by the Council of Ministers and individual ministers; approves death sentences, and also has the right to pardon and commute sentences President Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan (since November 3, 2004), Ruler of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (since November 4, 2004); |
| Legislative branch in the UAE: | The highest legislative body is Federal Supreme Council (FVS), consisting of the rulers of the seven emirates. The loss of the status of the head of the emirate entails the loss of membership in the Supreme Council of the Union (in practice, this has not happened since the formation of the state (Article 46 of the Constitution)). The Council meets 4 times a year and has broad powers. The Supreme Council of the Union determines the domestic and foreign policy of the state, and the Council of Ministers is responsible to the Supreme Council for the implementation of this policy. Its exclusive jurisdiction is the ratification of international treaties and agreements; introduction and lifting of a state of emergency; declaration of war; appointment of the chairman and members of the Supreme Federal Court. Along with this, the Supreme Council determines general federal policy and exercises supreme control over the affairs of the federation; approves federal legislation; appointment of the President, Vice-President, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Chairman of the Supreme Court and its members and acceptance of the resignation of each of them Supreme advisory body The legislative branch of the UAE is the Federal National Council, which includes representatives from each emirate. Each emirate has the right to choose its own method of electing representatives to the National Council. Currently, the Council consists of 40 deputies (8 each from Abu Dhabi and Dubai, 6 each from Ras al-Khaimah and Sharjah, and 4 each from Fujairah, Al Quwain, Ajman) The National Council is not a legislative body in the full sense of the word, since it does not have legislative initiative. Its powers include only discussing laws proposed by the Council of Ministers and introducing amendments and additions at its discretion. |
| Executive branch | Executive branch belongs to the Council of Ministers (consists of 21 ministers and one deputy prime minister). The Council of Ministers directly manages all internal and external affairs of the federation under the supervision of the head of state and the Federal Supreme Assembly. The Council of Ministers can make laws in all areas of ordinary jurisdiction, except for matters relating to the ratification of international treaties and agreements, the introduction or lifting of martial law, declaration of war, etc. |
| Judicial branch in the UAE | The judiciary in the UAE is represented by the Supreme Court of Justice, which is the supreme federal court of the United Arab Emirates. It consists of a chairman and 4 independent judges (judges are appointed by the president). The Supreme Court regulates relations between the emirates, members of the Supreme Union, federal and local authorities |
Beyond the distant seas, behind the high mountains, where there is almost no rain and the sun creates unbearable heat all year round, there is a small country that has been ruled by sages since ancient times. And what has been said is not a fairy tale, but the real truth, the truth of which you will see for yourself. We are talking about the state of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), located in the Middle East and being a federation.
Its rulers actually follow the suras of Islam in matters of domestic policy. Sheikhs of the UAE are among the richest people in the world, they are educated, cultured, prone to oriental luxury and state-of-the-art technology and gadgets. Rulers do not put on the mask of servants of the people, while remaining rich, but their subjects live comfortably, feel needed by their country, and glorify their emirs.
Geography
First, let's briefly present some statistics on this state. The territory of the UAE is 83.6 thousand km 2, it is approximately equal to the Leningrad region. The UAE is adjacent to Oman and Saudi Arabia. Its geography and geology are characterized by its location on the coast of the Arabian Peninsula.
The country, located on the slope of a tectonic plate, is rich in minerals. The main oil reserves, according to approximate estimates amounting to 12.3 million tons and gas reserves of 5.6 trillion m 3, lie in the depths of the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
The gently sloping sedimentary Khojar mountain ranges, rising in the east, are rich in mineral springs. Aluminum is mined here.
The geographical space of the country is heterogeneous in relief. The main tourist centers are located on sandy and rocky soil near the coast. The sea off the coast is exceptionally clear, and the sand is golden. However, going deeper into the peninsula, the traveler will find only completely saline soils, replaced by sand dunes and rock plateaus, occupying more than 60% of the country’s area.
The northern and eastern regions of the country are fertile, but not due to nature, but because they are landscaped in accordance with the program drawn up by the Council of Emirs.
Thus, the climate of the UAE is basically desert; only a narrow coastal strip is characterized by favorable tropical weather.
History is ancient and colonial
Every cloud has a silver lining; it was during this period that Islam became the titular religion here, which appealed to the locals. The teachings of the Prophet strengthened them spiritually.
Since the 15th century, Portugal, on the territory of what is now the UAE, has pursued its rather unsuccessful colonial policy, robbing the people and forcing them to engage in piracy. In the 19th century, it was displaced from here by the Queen of the Seas - Britain, which has its own civilizational plan and created the rudiments of industrial infrastructure on the territory of the UAE.
History of the independence of the emirate states
However, all this time it was not the foreign colonizers, but the local sheikhs who remained the leaders of their people. It would seem that for three hundred years the emirate states were in bondage; for three centuries they remained the servants of the colonialists on their land. However, having heard the call of the Bani Yaz clan of the Maktoum dynasty, they followed the sheikh's family in 1833, captured Dubai, bringing independence from foreigners to it. How can one not recall here the Arabic proverb that a lion leading a flock of sheep will defeat a flock of lions led by a ram. By the way, the direct ancestor of the current head of state commanded that army.
The British then thoughtlessly did not attach any importance to this. In the 20s of the 20th century, they discovered oil deposits on the peninsula and began its mass production in the 50s. However, by that time the Arab countries had become a world power, and the precedent of the Maktoum dynasty still had force. In 1964, the League of Arab States opposed the British protectorate, demanding recognition of the independence of Arab countries, and the British were forced to retreat.
In 1971, six states united to form the UAE, with the seventh emirate, Ras al Khaimah, joining the following year. The emir of the new country was its founder, Sheikh of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, an outstanding personality.
He was a man of clear mind and amazing foresight. He took on the burden of leadership and managed to unite and convince his then poor and demoralized people of the prospect of a decent life: “If there is at least one blooming branch left in your soul, a songbird will certainly sit on it.” The sheikh appealed to the pride of his people, to their faith, which was confirmed in the flag of the new state.
And he turned out to be right, fulfilling his promises in abundance. The children and grandchildren of these people, struggling for existence and ending their lives at just 40 years old, today live in a rich country, enjoying all the modern benefits. And this is without wars, without revolutions, without the extermination of “fifth columns”.
“A wise man will understand as soon as he winks, but a fool is not enough when he is pushed,” says an Arabic proverb about the properties of the mind. One of his 19 sons, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, now rules the country as skillfully as his ancestors, and his subjects bless him.
Each of the emirates (Shurjah, Fujairah, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah, Dubai, Ajman, Abu Dhabi) is solely governed by its own emir.
The President of the UAE is the emir of the largest of the emirates, Abu Dhabi, the capital of which and, at the same time, of the entire federation is the city of Abu Dhabi. The position of president is passed down from father to son. In the short history of the country, there have actually been two presidents. When the first president-sheikh died, and the second just entered the ritual of taking power, the prime minister performed the duties for two days.
The President of the UAE is the head of the country's Supreme Council, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and head of the Supreme Petroleum Council. Seven rulers-emirs make up the highest body of state power - the Supreme Council of the UAE.
These are amazing rulers from whom Westerners have a lot to learn. How do these seven people manage to rule the country without revolution? Why do their supercars sit in the parking lot with the key in the ignition, and none of their fellow citizens even think about bad things?
How could it be otherwise in a believing country, whose citizens their rulers give jobs, provide a decent life, provide an impressive social package, provide free (but organized far from our model) medicine and education, and even provide them with abundant fresh water.
How can sheikhs, under such circumstances, not be leaders of their people? After all, as the Arabs say, with the help of kindness and affection, even an elephant can be led by a thread.
Language, flag
The official language in the UAE is Arabic. It shows films, publishes newspapers, books, and publishes legal acts. This language is quite flexible. Having a primordial Arab core, it changes in accordance with the progress of society.
At the same time, local businesses widely use English for business correspondence and communication with counterparties. In the country, British is the language of interethnic communication. Also among labor emigrants, their native languages are in use.
The UAE flag, as a state symbol, was adopted on December 2, 2017, the day of the unification of the emirates into one state. Its four-color panel has a rectangular shape with an aspect ratio of 2 to 1.
There is a single vertical (the rest are horizontal) red stripe running along the shaft. To the right of it follow stripes of green, white, black. Each color carries a symbolic meaning. The red stripe, as it were, consolidates the UAE flag; it signifies pride, strength and freedom of civil society. The green top is Islam, the state religion. White - the morality and purity of the country's inhabitants and, finally, black - its natural resources, in particular oil.
Capital
The capital of the UAE - the million-strong city of Abu Dhabi - is the economic (56% of GDP), political, religious and cultural center of the state. It is built on an island connected to the continent by three highways. The business district of the metropolis is located in its northern part, adjacent to the ultra-modern Corniche embankment. The city is green, there are more than two dozen parks, the greenery of which is fed by desalinated sea water. Abu Dhabi is built up mainly with modern low-rise buildings and villas.
The largest petrochemical, pipe rolling, shipbuilding, and cement production is located in the suburbs of the capital.
Economy
Words in Islamic countries (unlike domestic politicians) are not simply thrown into the wind. Once upon a time, the Supreme Council of a country where there are no rivers, and instead of fertile lands there are salt marshes, sands and rocks, announced that it would gradually turn it into an oasis. And the sheikhs, never tired of surprising the world with ambitious infrastructure projects, are gradually fulfilling their promises. The council of wise emirs is truly effective and adequate to modern times. Figuratively speaking, the dynamic eastern monarchs understood time, because you can comprehend it only by being in motion.
There are no fewer representative offices of international corporations in the UAE than in New York, London or Tokyo. According to the ranking of countries, the economy of the UAE, a tiny country, ranks 31st in the world in terms of GDP produced, which in 2016 amounted to $375 billion, the value of goods and services produced in this state per year.
Per capita per year the amount is 67.7 thousand dollars, this is the ninth figure in the world. According to IMF specialists, the country will maintain its growth dynamics until 2020.
The national currency of the UAE is called the Arabic Dirham (AED). 100 fils equals one dirham. Until 1978, the dirham exchange rate was pegged to the American dollar and was 0.27 of it. It is noteworthy that this rate has been maintained since the date of introduction of the Emirati currency, i.e., since 1973. And is this surprising? After all, Arab wisdom from time immemorial says that good money should be like birds: fly away and come back, and therefore the country’s currency exchange rate should be stable.
Industry
In the UAE, industry has a strong oil and gas focus. However, state programs for its diversification do have an effect: 67% of the country’s GDP is other goods and services, and not black gold or its products.
The UAE has developed aluminum production, light industry, production of metal structures and building materials, energy industry, water desalination, dairy, meat, and fishing industries.
The traditional (pre-oil) industries of this country are the cultivation of date palms, pearl fishing, horse and camel breeding, and fishing.
Since 2004, the Emirates has been a country of free trade with the United States; the domestic market is overflowing with high-quality, branded goods. Sheikh law prohibits traders from buying counterfeits. How can one not recall the words of the oldest Persian poet and scientist Abu Rudaki: “The sage is drawn to goodness and peace, the fool is drawn to war and strife.”
Tourism
The high tourist season here lasts from May to September. The air at this time warms up to 50 0 C in the shade. However, through the efforts of cunning sheikhs, an amazing infrastructure for tourism has been created here. The sages consistently fulfill the task they have set themselves - to transform the climate, to make an oasis out of the desert.
Please note that it is preferable for people sensitive to heat to visit the Land of the Sheikhs from October to April. At this time, the average monthly temperature is 21 0 C. The UAE is dynamically developing tourism as a branch of its economy. Arriving guests seem to be immersed in a fairy tale in the land of the emirs. The largest cities and at the same time beach centers are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman and Sharjah. The best public beaches in the UAE, according to tourists, are Jumeirah Beach Park, Mamzer Beach, Burj Beach, Ghantoot Beach.
Guests of the country are amazed at how organically the traditions of Islam here flow into the form of high-tech, and how high-tech is filled with its content. This small country has the largest mosques in the world and the largest skyscrapers.
The majestic, domed marble Sheikh Zayed Mosque, erected in honor of the first president of the UAE, amazes with its marble purity and whiteness. In ancient times it would certainly have been called a wonder of the world. The largest temple in the Middle East, the King Faisal Mosque, also surprises with its architecture.
Younger tourists are attracted by other wonders of the world: skyscrapers exclusively built by the world's best architects, as well as the most picturesque islands artificially created according to intricate designs. The East, even after millennia, remains faithful to its tradition: building new wonders of the world. Here you can see the largest artificial stalagmite in the world - the Burj Khalifa skyscraper, rising 800 meters into the air. Also unique is the Arab analogy of the Leaning Tower of Pisa - the “falling” skyscraper Capital Gate. It is famous in the world as the most expensive and most luxurious hotel “Sail” (Burj Al Arab Jumeirah), built according to the design of the brilliant British Thomas Wright.
The legendary Gardens of Babylon would obviously pale in comparison to the greenery planted on artificial Palm Islands and generously watered with desalinated water.
Even the most charismatic fashionistas in the world do not consider it shameful to look at the most unique gold market, located in Dubai. By the way, here you can even exchange currency for gold in the hotel machine.
The wonders of the world are truly collected here. Those interested can go skiing in an indoor complex designed to accommodate 1,500 people, and the megamall in Sharjah is rightfully considered one of the largest in the world. Don't believe me? Here, even an aquarium with five-meter sharks, stingrays and other marine life is not striking.
Labor migrants
It would seem: these sheikhs are the richest people. How do they manage to live in such a way that their subjects love them? Most likely, this royal oriental nobility and wisdom are really in their blood: do not neglect little people, because they help to rise.
The demographic policy of the UAE is of interest. The population of the country with an area of 83.6 thousand km 2 is 8.5 million people. If in 1975 a little more than half a million people lived here, then a 16-fold increase in social development is evident. The moral foundations of the country of emirs prevent Arab citizens from performing menial work.
Almost 89% of the population are foreigners who came for work; they happily take on poorly paid jobs here. They have a status that does not allow them to become citizens of this country, but they can pursue a career in the non-state sector. The UAE is considered one of the most liberal Arab powers. The country's population, as proof of this thesis, is actively increasing.
Thus, less than every ninth sheikh you meet in the Country is its citizen. People from South Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh) make up more than half of the UAE residents. The population of the state is also represented by:
- other people from Asia (Arab countries, Thailand, China, Philippines);
- Europeans, Americans, Australians;
- Africans.
Not all Arabs in this country are its citizens. After all, many of them are labor migrants in the UAE. The Arab population of the Country of Emirs, in addition to the indigenous inhabitants, is represented by immigrants from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, and Bedouins.
Note: labor emigrants are grateful to the sheikhs for the humane conditions at work and for the decent amount of payment.
Indigenous people
There are about 950 thousand indigenous people, i.e. citizens, in the country; they work in the public sector, and many of them have their own businesses. Thus, the sheikhs implemented a fundamental formula: the citizens of the country manage its wealth as civil servants. Moreover, they receive a very decent salary.
An Arab citizen of the Country of Sheikhs is guaranteed to receive at least 4 thousand dollars in his first job. If he graduates from a university, he will already be paid 10 thousand greenbacks a month. This amount is not the limit yet. What our civil servants call categories and ranks, which, interspersed with diplomas, are awarded for diligent work, in the UAE results in a significant increase in the salaries of civil servants.
The most successful powers in the performance of power functions receive (for comparison) salaries of the same order as the heads of large structural divisions of Gazprom.
The economic and political power of the sheikhs is based on the welfare of their subjects, generated by a fair distribution of the country's GDP. The richest reserves of oil are in its depths, and wise rulers know how to wisely share the proceeds from its sale with their fellow citizens and stimulate progress with them.
Society
For us, this would be a paradox: the activities of political parties and trade unions are prohibited in the state. However, this aspect also contains the wisdom that says, “Don’t open a door you cannot close.” After all, parties (and in the West, trade unions) often initiate destructive consequences in society. Slogans like “What to do?” and “Who is to blame?” Sometimes a killer is released from a bottle of bloody genie. The sheikhs initially ruled out this possibility. However, they did this, initially ensuring the sustainable progress of the power. This scheme is ideal if the monarch manages to create a socially responsible society. And it works in the UAE.
In the Emirates, social policy is paid for directly by the sheikhs, and not with the help of “gray funds” from which dishonest intermediaries extract money. This reveals the strategic wisdom of their rulers. Petrodollars are directly poured into healthcare and education, which are free for the indigenous citizens of this country.
The local army is also financed from a separate fund, without compromising the well-being of the people.
Religion
The legal system and way of social life in the UAE are determined by the religion of Islam. For residents of the Country of Emirs, the suras of the Koran leave a significant imprint on the state structure, social and cultural life. The five commandments of Islam are sacredly observed by Muslims.
Wherever an Arab is, five times a day at a set time, loudspeakers on the minarets call him to prayer. Business Muslims even install prayer applications on their smartphones. There are prayer rooms here and in supermarkets.
The laws of this Islamic state are drawn up based on the principles set forth in the Koran, and the Sharia court in the Land of Sheikhs also follows the non-Western classics - Roman law.
Citizens of this country celebrate UAE holidays of two types: secular and related to religious tradition. There are very few of the first:
- January 1 - New Year.
- August 6 is Zayed Al Nahyan's Throne Day.
- December 12 is the day of the formation of the state.
Some religious holidays are associated with certain events in the life of the Prophet Mohamed:
- migration from Mecca;
- birth;
- ascension.
Others are defined by other Muslim traditions:
- associated with the holy month of Ramadan, with its fasting and pacification of passions;
- spring (Navruz);
- sacrifices (Eid al-Adha);
- sorrow (Ashura).
The most significant holidays for Muslims in the UAE are the day of breaking the fast after Ramadan (Eid al-Fitr), the day of sacrifice (Eid al-Adha) and, of course, the holy month of Ramadan itself.
Conclusion
The wisdom of the rulers of the UAE, which led their people to prosperity, is worthy of respect. Emirs do not seek to strengthen the country in order to conquer foreign lands and expand power. They do not dream of a “nuclear club”. Rulers simply seek prosperity for their people by rationally using natural resources. They are connected with the Western world mainly by economics.
The UAE's GDP is distributed truly wisely. The indigenous population is stimulated by him in all areas of their lives, and migrant workers are grateful to the sheikhs for their rewarding work and its conditions. There are no state-level thieves in the Country of Sheikhs. The seven wise emirs will not allow a cunning rogue oligarch to appear thanks to their money.
This is an extremely interesting experience of Muslim rule, giving the population promising jobs and free social benefits.
Recently, more and more Russian tourists prefer the fabulous United Arab Emirates (UAE), located in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula, to the usual Turkey and Egypt. The “tourist paradise” grew up in just a few decades on the site of a barren desert. An important impetus for the rapid development of the country was the active oil production in the region, which began in the late 1960s. The realization that this valuable natural resource is exhaustible formed an economic model that would allow the Emirates to actively develop even after the depletion of black gold reserves. In addition to oil, the UAE had two more important economic advantages: firstly, an advantageous geographical location at the intersection of routes coming from Europe, Africa and South Asia, and secondly, a warm sea coast with magnificent gently sloping sandy beaches. The country's authorities decided to make the most of each of the advantages: to create free trade zones, the largest financial and business centers in the entire Middle East, and to form ultra-modern resorts of the highest class.
The official language in the UAE is Arabic, but due to the huge influx of employees from India, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Egypt, Iraq, Ethiopia and other countries, dozens of languages and dialects can be heard in markets and outside resort areas . Almost all hotel and restaurant staff speak excellent English, and in some places, especially in Dubai, even Russian. Due to the high level of labor migration, about 85% of the country's population are not citizens. In addition to Islam, residents of the UAE also profess Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity.
Capital |
Abu Dhabi |
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Population |
5 million people |
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Population density |
60 people/km 2 |
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Arab |
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Religion |
Sunni Islam |
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Form of government |
federal monarchy |
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UAE dirham equal to 100 fils |
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Timezone |
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International dialing code |
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Domain zone |
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Electricity |
220/240V (triple plug) |
The largest cities are the capitals of all seven emirates into which the country is divided:
- Abu Dhabi,
- Dubai,
- Sharjah,
- Fujairah,
- Ajaman,
- Umm al-Quwain,
- Ras al Khaimah,
- as well as the oasis city of Al Ain in the emirate of Abu Dhabi.
Climate and weather
Like the entire Arabian Peninsula, the UAE has a tropical desert climate, characterized by ultra-high summer temperatures reaching +50 °C and almost complete absence of precipitation. In winter, the air temperature remains at a comfortable +20…+23 °C. When traveling inland, you should remember that in the desert it is always several degrees hotter during the day and much colder at night than on the coast. Nighttime winter temperatures in the desert can drop to 0°C.
The average water temperature almost all year round is +24…+27 °C, dropping in January - February to +18 °C and rising in August to +35 °C. During the winter months, the water in the pools warms up to +26…+28 °C.
It rains occasionally in winter and early spring, and the average number of sunny days per year is about 350-355 days. The average precipitation does not exceed 100 mm per year. In spring there is fog on the coast.
To put it mildly, one of the unpleasant natural phenomena in the UAE is dust storms, which, however, go unnoticed in large resort cities. An important feature of the Emirates climate is the low oxygen content in the air, which makes this climate unsuitable for recreation for people with heart and lung diseases. The most difficult months to bear are considered to be August and September, when the heat is 40 degrees and air humidity exceeds all imaginable limits. Therefore, the tourist season in the UAE is from late September - early October to May.
Nature
Most of the country is desert Rub al-Khali, which turns into clayey plains, which, in turn, crash into the Persian Gulf. The east of the UAE is occupied by rocky mountains Al-Hajjar located on the coast Gulf of Oman with a rich underwater fauna, the most beautiful representatives of which live in coastal coral reefs. The abundance of commercial species of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs explains why for many centuries the main occupation of local residents was fishing and pearling.
Animals in the UAE also include wild goats, camels, mountain goats (ibex), Arabian leopards and some other desert inhabitants.
During the migration period, many birds stop to rest in the northern regions of the country.
In the largest resort cities, work is constantly being carried out to plant trees both in the cities themselves and in the immediate surroundings, but this initiative has not yet been crowned with significant success, since severe weather conditions kill the planted plants (and they are constantly replaced, spending huge amounts of money on this). Desalination of water for irrigation, in turn, leads to such an environmental problem as soil salinization.
Attractions
Any person who has not yet visited the UAE or who has visited the country only once, when mentioning this state, immediately sees unimaginable ultra-modern high-rise buildings in the high-tech style, created over the past few decades in Abu Dhabi and the largest city of the Emirates Dubai.
Among them is a skyscraper Burj Khalifa(“Khalifa Tower”), hotel Burj Al Arab(Burj Al Arab) in the shape of a sail and many others. Modern skyscrapers, magnificent in bright sunshine, become simply fantastic in the light of night spotlights and backlights.
But the few ancient buildings and winding streets in the cities of the UAE will help you plunge into the amazing and subtle world of the Ancient East. The most famous historical sights of the country are:
- Al Hosn Palace, or White Fort, in Abu Dhabi,
- Al Khail fortress near Fujairah city,
- Fujairah Fort,
- Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Abu Dhabi,
- Jumeirah in Dubai,
- Al-Bidiya between Fujairah and Dibba, etc.
Nutrition
Speaking about the national cuisine of the UAE, it should be noted that all Arab countries are characterized by pan-Arab cuisine with some regional characteristics. Thus, the culinary traditions of the UAE were influenced by the cuisine of Iran, Lebanon, Egypt and other countries in Africa and Asia. The absolute rule of Arabic dishes is the complete absence of pork and the presence of a huge amount of spices.
It’s best to start getting acquainted with the local cuisine in the UAE from small shops and street cafes, where literally all dishes will be wrapped in pita bread or served with a round pita bun. Try it once manakish(melted local cheese with olives and aromatic herbs), falafel(tender chickpea balls fried in olive oil) and, of course, shawarma- and your mouth will always water at the mere memory of such yummy food.
In UAE restaurants, appetizers are required before serving the main course. meze, served on a large platter, divided into cells. Among meze Most often there are vegetable salads, nut-garlic pastes, eggplant caviar, wheat and corn porridges, as well as pies with meat and cheese.
Among the main dishes, seafood dishes delivered to the table almost from a fishing boat, and meat dishes from chicken, veal and lamb are extremely popular among tourists. It's worth ordering at least once for lunch Bricks- triangular envelopes made of the thinnest dough filled with fish, shrimp or minced meat. Among the gastronomic “celebrities” of the UAE are: Al Madrubu(boiled salted fish with sauce), fish and meat kebabs, biryani(basmati rice with meat or fish with the addition of vegetables, spices and sauce), etc.
Oriental sweets are a separate subject of conversation. In the UAE, the variety of desserts is so great that it’s impossible to count them all. Turkish delight, date honey, halva, Umm Ali pudding and much more are best purchased at the bazaar or in specialized shops.
Among the drinks, tea and coffee of various varieties are most often consumed. Freshly squeezed juices are sold everywhere. It is better to avoid alcoholic beverages while on holiday in the UAE, as for possession of alcohol or being intoxicated in public places you can be prosecuted and deported from the country.
Restaurants in the UAE are called all establishments, from tiny street cafes to huge chic restaurants in 5-star hotels.
Tips are always included in the bill.
Accommodation
The quality of 1-2 star hotels in the UAE is very relative, that is, you can easily encounter a lack of working air conditioning or water in the shower, during spring rain showers, roofs and windows leak, and there is water in the hotel courtyard. Often, the rooms of such hotels have inexpensive, noisy window air conditioners.
3-4 star hotels offer a completely different level of service, but the price almost doubles: if a room in the former costs $50-60 for two, then in hotels with 3-4 stars the average cost of living in a double room is approximately $100 .
There are luxury 5-star hotels at every resort in the UAE. The cost of living in double rooms of such hotels varies from $150 to $4,000. The best, but also the most expensive hotels are in Dubai. The cost of a room depends, as a rule, on the class of the hotel, the distance of the hotel from the coast, the view from the window, the time of year (cheaper in summer), the presence of a private beach, swimming pools with heated water in winter, etc.
Furnished rooms and villas are also available for tourists in the UAE. The average cost of a private one-bedroom apartment is about $1,000 per week, villas with a small pool and tropical garden - $8,000-9,000 per week.
Entertainment and relaxation
The main type of holiday in the UAE is a beach holiday. On the shores of the Persian (in the UAE it is called the Arabian) and Oman Gulfs, all the beaches are sandy.
Here you can rent sun loungers, sun loungers and umbrellas, you can practice water sports (windsurfing, water skiing, scooters, etc.), and have a snack in numerous cafes and eateries. Hotels located on the seashore have their own beaches. Guests of 2-3 star hotels visit paid and free city beaches. Expensive hotels located in the city center, as a rule, have an agreement with coastal hotels on free visits to private beaches for their guests, where regular buses run from the hotel.
Tourists who prefer an active holiday are offered unique safaris on camels, ATVs or SUVs along the sand dunes in the desert, a walk along the coastal waters under the snow-white sail of the national dhow boat, diving, playing golf or tennis, and a visit to one of the largest water parks in the world, Wild Wadi. Dubai, getting to know the fauna of the oceans at the Aquarium in the Dubai shopping and entertainment center and much, much more.
The undisputed leader in all kinds of entertainment, including nightlife, is the emirate of Dubai, but you can find good modern nightclubs in every major city in the country.
Purchases
When going to the UAE, many tourists are still at home anticipating the best shopping experience of their lives, and most often such expectations are met 100%, especially for cities such as Abu Dhabi, Dubai And Sharjah. There are two types of shopping in the Emirates: the first, traditional for all Eastern countries, is on shopping streets and bazaars, where it is customary to bargain even when the price seems more than attractive to you; the second - in shopping centers, which are entire streets and even cities under one roof, consisting of boutiques and stores of world-famous brands and brands. In the markets, high-quality counterfeits of well-known brands are most often sold.
Shops and shops located on shopping streets are usually open from 9:00 to 13:00, then they close and resume work only after 16:00, working until 20:00-21:00. During the month of Ramadan, shops are open from 16:00 to midnight. The day off, unlike European countries, in the UAE is not on Sunday, but on Friday, which is due to the peculiarities of religion. It is Friday (Juma) in the Islamic calendar that is the day of worship of Allah. Many large supermarkets are open on Friday after 16:00.
In addition to fashionable clothes, shoes and accessories, in the UAE it is customary to purchase various originally oriental things: products made of gold and copper, silk fabrics, oriental carpets, products made of camel wool, all kinds of coffee pots and hookahs, painted jewelry boxes, khanjara daggers and, of course, “delicious” souvenirs - oriental sweets and spices.
Transport
Direct flights to Abu Dhabi And Dubai are made from many of the largest cities in Europe, America, North Africa and Asia. Several direct flights depart daily from Moscow to the UAE. Charter flights operate regularly during the season. The flight duration is about 5 hours. The cost of a round-trip economy class flight will range from $425 to $750 depending on the airline and date of travel.
You can get to the UAE by taking a ferry that runs between the Iranian city Bandar Abbas And Sharjah(port of Mina Khaled) or Dubai(Port Rashid). Port Zayed in Abu Dhabi serves mainly cargo ships. The cost of a trip across the bay is about $55-60 one way.
You can travel between the emirates by bus. City public transport is not well developed - it is used, as a rule, only by visiting hired workers, so it is better to get around the cities by taxi or rented car. Taxis in the UAE are the main method of transportation for tourists, so many taxi drivers speak some English. Taxis are privately owned and operated by private companies. The former are a little cheaper, the latter are often equipped with meters. The fare for a taxi without meters should be discussed before the start of the trip, and be sure to bargain, as prices are deliberately inflated. A taxi caught on the street will cost less than one taken from a hotel parking lot. Local taxi drivers are not well versed in street names, so it is better to indicate the name of the place where you are going or a significant object located nearby.
Dubai has the only two-line metro in the country.
You can rent a car in the UAE with or without a driver. To drive a car, you need an international driving license (driving licenses from CIS countries are not valid in the UAE) and insurance. The driver's age cannot be less than 21 years.
In the UAE, those who violate traffic rules are punished to the fullest extent. The fine for running a red light is about $800, for not using seat belts - $150, for drunk driving - deportation from the country or imprisonment, for damage to government property - $10,000. The speed limit in cities is 60 km/h, on highways – 100 km/h. Parking in cities is almost always paid, except from 13:00 to 16:00. The quality of roads in cities and between the country's largest tourist centers is excellent, but local residents, especially rich young people, behave extremely rudely on the roads.
Almost all hotels with 3-star categories and above transport their clients to the beach and back for free on their own buses.
Connection
Mobile communications in the UAE are provided by the following operators: Etisalat and du (Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company PJSC), operating in the GSM 900 format. To buy SIM cards from local operators, you must present a passport. Etisalat has developed the Ahlan tariff plan specifically for short stays in the country. The cost of a call abroad is about $0.7, the cost of an SMS is $0.25.
You can call abroad from pay phones that provide excellent call quality.
You can access the Internet by connecting to the mobile operator Etisalat, using the services of an Internet cafe or free or paid Wi-Fi in many cafes, restaurants and hotels in cities.
Safety
The UAE is the safest Muslim country in the world. There is practically no crime here, not even pickpockets. You can walk at any time of the day, but in the evening and at night it is better to avoid areas where settlements of visiting hired workers are located.
For throwing away trash or jaywalking, you will be asked to pay $135, and for using foul language you will be taken into custody.
It is better not to drink tap water, as it is obtained by desalination of salty sea water.
There are many strong coastal currents in the Persian Gulf, so always soberly assess your strengths and do not let children go into the water alone, even if they are excellent swimmers. It is best to dive under the supervision of a local instructor who is familiar with the characteristics of the area.
Business climate
One of the main goals facing the UAE Government is to transform the country into the most important financial and trade center in the Middle East. To achieve this goal, a number of free economic zones have been created in the country, the banking and transport infrastructure is constantly developing, taxes are simplified (corporate, income, VAT, from the wage fund), currency is freely convertible (UAE dirham), free movement of capital is guaranteed, etc. .
All the best hotels are equipped with magnificent, ultra-modern conference rooms, suitable for both inter-corporate negotiations and the organization of large international symposiums and congresses. Annually business centers Dubai And Abu Dhabi conduct business seminars and exhibitions of products of world-famous companies.
Real estate
Foreign citizens have the right to purchase real estate in the UAE - this is even welcome. Since 2006, foreigners have received the right to purchase land plots for new facilities; the rest can be taken out for long-term lease. The cost of 1 m2 of housing ranges from $2,000 to $6,000. The residential real estate market comes mainly from new buildings; the secondary housing market is not developed.
Residential buildings in the UAE are always built at an accelerated pace and most often using low-paid labor, so even the so-called “luxury” complexes actually offer low-quality housing. Dense development, especially on the “palm trees” in the coastal waters of Dubai, leads to a lack of picturesque views from the window, and one can only dream of peace and tranquility here.
As commercial real estate, Russian citizens are most interested in office premises, shops, hotels and restaurants. The average cost of 1 m2 of office is $1,700, for a hotel - about $7,000.
In the UAE, Muslim traditions are strictly observed, so there are a number of prohibitions that also apply to tourists.
Thus, you cannot appear in beachwear outside of beaches and swimming pools, and sunbathing without a swimsuit or its upper part is strictly prohibited. Women are only allowed to sit in the back seat of a car and should never get into a car without a taxi badge (you may be mistaken for a woman of easy virtue). It is prohibited to be in public places while intoxicated. You cannot kiss, hug, or show obscene gestures. Gambling and sexual relations not legalized by marriage are prohibited. You cannot talk to local women on the street, so only men will be allowed to photograph, after asking their permission first. The country also has a strict ban on photographing sheikhs' palaces, military installations, banks and government institutions.
When entering a house or mosque, it is customary to take off your shoes.
Money, food and things are taken only with the right hand. When visiting the locals, you shouldn’t skip a few cups of coffee. When shaking hands, do not look the other person in the eye.
Customs restrictions, in addition to the standard import of weapons, pornography and drugs, apply to a number of medications, so it is best to obtain a prescription for the required medication with the Latin name and dosage.
When traveling to the UAE during the holy month of Ramadan, please remember that many establishments, including shops and restaurants, may change their opening hours. That is, during the day there are practically no places left where you can have lunch, since during Ramadan a strict fast is observed between dawn and sunset. Even tourists are frowned upon here and can officially complain to the police if they eat, drink, smoke or dress indecently (from the point of view of the local population).
Visa information
To visit the UAE, citizens of all CIS countries require a visa. Tourist visas are issued by the Dubai Visa Centre, Abu Dhabi Visa Centre, Asian Visa Center in Moscow and tour operators.
The main requirements for obtaining a visa through the Dubai and Abu Dhabi Visa Application Centers are:
- availability of air tickets to relevant airports in the country;
- traveling or holding a valid visa to the Schengen countries, UK, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand or Japan;
- absence of marks indicating that you visited Israel.
Documents for obtaining a visa (copy of passport, photograph, application form, copy of children’s birth certificate) are submitted electronically. The consular fee for Russian citizens is $60, for citizens of other CIS countries - $75.
The UAE Embassy in Moscow is located at: st. Olof Palme 4, tel. (+495) 147 62 86, 147 00 66.
