Our planet has been inhabited by many different animals for millions of years. Among them, a special type stands out - fish. They filled rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. These animals play a large role in the natural food chain, as well as in the human environment. Both sea and river fish serve as a source of food for people, medicines and fertilizers for agriculture, as well as raw materials for light industry. What are these inhabitants of the rivers of our country, how do they survive and what do they eat? This issue deserves due attention, because all living organisms on Earth are necessary parts of nature.
Fishes of Russian rivers
The most common fish that live in Russian rivers are beluga, pike, burbot, catfish, sturgeon, stickleback, crucian carp, salmon, carp, perch, carp, rudd. And this is not a complete list of them. The fastest river fish include salmon, dace, podust, asp and sabrefish, and the most nimble include rudd, bream, roach, bream, tench and crucian carp. These aquatic vertebrates are divided into predatory and peaceful inhabitants. What river fish eat directly depends on this division. The former feed on smaller representatives of this class, while the latter spend most of their time searching for plankton and plant food. In the reservoirs of Russia, especially in the summer, various algae grow rapidly, which are a haven for crustaceans and mollusks. And this is not just food, but a kind of delicacy for fish. Predators (for example, pike, pike perch, perch), in turn, feed on smaller fish.
The largest representatives of river fish
Nowadays, any river fish whose length is more than 1.80 meters and weighs at least 90 kg is considered a large specimen. The record holders for size are several species of these aquatic vertebrates. One of them is the beluga. Its weight reaches 1400 kg, and its length is about five meters. Beluga and pike keep up with the size. Its largest representatives are found in the northern rivers of Russia.
The European (common) catfish weighs about 350 kg and is up to 4.5 meters long. It lives in almost all large rivers of both Russia and the CIS. The catfish is unusual in that its body consists of a huge head and a huge tail.
The most valuable freshwater fish
River fish of Russia have their most valuable specimens. The most expensive of them is the Russian beluga. For example, a female caught in the Tikhaya Sosna River, weighing 1227 kg, produced 240 kg of very high-quality caviar. Its value today is about two hundred thousand dollars.
The second most expensive is carp. It belongs to the category of especially valuable commercial fish. For example, in the seventies in the Volga River delta, the catch of carp was at least ten thousand tons per year.
Fishes of the rivers of Primorye
Russia has a vast territory, the reservoirs of which are home to many different species of fish. Thus, considering the inhabitants of fresh water bodies of the Primorsky Territory, one can count about one hundred and fifty of their varieties. Some, such as Sakhalin taimen, are even listed in the Red Book. Other river fish of Primorye can boast of the most unusual names - for example, snake-catcher, horse-guar, yellow-cheeked and topgazer. In addition to the fish mentioned above, the local fresh waters are inhabited by Amur pike, catfish, crucian carp, carp, salmon, lenok, counj and grayling. One of the most unpretentious and widespread fish of the Primorsky Territory is the rudd. And although many locals consider it too bony, its taste is excellent. There are two types of rudd: small-scaled and large-scaled. Typically this fish grows up to half a meter in length and weighs up to one and a half kilograms.
Fishing in the Moscow region
For those who like fishing, the Moscow region has remained a favorite place for a relaxing holiday for many years. Amazing nature, quiet evenings, clean air and plenty of fish in the reservoirs - everything you need for Russian fishing. The rivers Pakhra, Severka, Ruza, Istra, Nerskaya, Protva, Nara, Besputa, Dubna, Sestra and others hide in their waters various popular and tasty fish. This includes perch, and carp, and crucian carp, and roach, and pike, and gudgeon, and bream, and chub, and bream, and asp, and bleak. River fish in the Moscow region are caught using fishing rods, spinning rods, fly fishing rods, boats and bales.
Pike - the queen of Russian rivers
Speaking about the fish that are found in Russia, one cannot fail to mention the heroine of Russian fairy tales - the pike. It lives not only in the reservoirs of our country, but also in the rivers of European countries, as well as Asia and the United States of America. The size of pikes is determined by the food supply: the larger the average size of fish in the river, the larger the pike can grow. It is rightfully considered one of the most predatory freshwater fish. Her appearance fully demonstrates this: a long flattened head with a huge mouth and a large number of sharp teeth looks terrifying. Many river fish have become prey for this agile predator. The color of pikes is mainly gray-green, with speckles. Thanks to their slippery cylindrical body, they move quickly and swiftly. Pike feed mainly on smaller fish (roach, perch and others), but there are often cases of eating individuals of their own species. In addition, the diet of these predators includes amphibians, reptiles, large insects, various garbage, small mammals, and even waterfowl chicks.
Rare and endangered fish
Today, on the territory of Russia, many river fish need human participation and care, the list of which is growing every year. These include Azov beluga, sterlet, Volga herring, Volkhov whitefish, black carp, Baikal white grayling, Baikal sturgeon, common sculpin, Kamchatka salmon and others. All these fish are on the verge of extinction. Take the Volkhov whitefish, which earlier, before the construction of the Volkhov hydroelectric power station (1925), played a big role in the fishery and was found in huge quantities in the Volkhov, Syaz, and Svir rivers.
The catch of Baikal sturgeon in the nineteenth century reached three thousand centners, and in the nineties of the twentieth century it decreased to two hundred centners. Today, most often these river fish are found in Lake Baikal and the rivers flowing into it - Angara, Kitoye, Belaya, Selenga, Barguzin and Khamar-Daban. A similar fate befell the Baikal white grayling, which was also previously widespread in these waters.
Another endangered species is black carp. Due to a sharp decrease in the number of this fish in the seventies of the last century, a ban on its fishing was established. Today, black carp is found in Lake Khanka, as well as in the Amur and Ussuri rivers.
Impact of the environmental situation
Unfortunately, today the environmental situation is affecting many river systems. Quite often there are cases of river pollution by emissions from factories and industrial enterprises, storm water, which contain various hazardous chemicals. Under such circumstances, river fish, crayfish, turtles and other inhabitants not only change their usual way of life, but also become victims of mutations or disappear altogether. And it’s no secret that insufficient attention from human society can lead to an irreparable environmental disaster.
In this article I would like to analyze the most coveted and significant fish of Siberia, fish of northern rivers, mountain taiga streams with cold water and rocky rifts, and lakes. Freshwater ichthyofauna of Siberia, as well as the Urals. Ichthyofauna of the entire taiga belt of Russia. I will not mention the fish that are abundant in the southern zone, and will focus only exclusively on the fish of the taiga, the fish of the north. Noble breeds of fish that are hunted by amateur fishermen in pursuit of a big trophy, tourists traveling through the taiga, and indigenous people of the north, for whom fishing is a way of obtaining food, and not sport, entertainment and the pursuit of a trophy.
Muksun
 |
A valuable commercial fish from the whitefish and salmon family, it lives in the rivers of Siberia, in particular in the basins of the Ob, Irtysh, Lena, and Yenisei rivers. It is valued for its taste, as well as its nutritional value and the presence of essential substances. Well consumed lightly salted. It is enough for the muksun to stand in salting for about 9 hours, and only then it can be eaten. The meat is fatty and melts in your mouth. The calorie content of meat is about 90 kcal per 100 g. It is also widely used for preparing stroganina.
Fishing methods: In many regions of the country, fishing for muksun is prohibited, in others it is caught with nets, and muksun can also be caught with a fly, having a varied supply of bait with you.
Nelma
Valuable commercial fish of the whitefish family, reaching a weight of 50 kg. It lives in the rivers of Siberia, in the Arctic Ocean basin. It is considered one of the most delicious fish in Russia, and any fish dish made from it always turns out delicious. Just like muksun, nelma is good lightly salted and as planed meat. Is an endangered species.
Fishing methods: In all southern regions of Siberia, fishing for nelma is prohibited; it is caught industrially by artels in the northern part. Yes, and catching it with a spinning rod in the southern part is quite difficult, which cannot be said about the Ob or Yenisei delta, where nelma likes to live. The fish is very careful and shy. Nelma catches well on various spinners and spoons, most often ordinary ones, silver in color, matching the color of smelt and vendace fry.
Cheer
 |
 |
Chir (or Shchokur) is a representative of the whitefish genus. A valuable commercial fish, it lives in both fresh and semi-fresh water at the confluence of large Siberian rivers with the Arctic Ocean. Also available in Kamchatka. Chir serves as a bonus for commercial fishermen when catching nelma and muksun. Also lives in freshwater lakes.
Fishing methods: Just like muksun, whitefish are caught with nets, but, unlike whitefish, they bite quite well on a fishing rod and spinning rod. Various insects, larvae, meat of mollusks living along the seashore, and, of course, artificial baits are used as bait.
Omul
Valuable commercial fish of the whitefish genus. Small sizes, up to 6-8 kg. Baikal omul lives only in Lake Baikal and nearby rivers, where it spawns. In the river basin of the Arctic Ocean lives arctic omul . It is well used salted, smoked, and also as planed meat.
Fishing methods: omul is caught at any time of the year. Fishing is possible both from the shore and from a boat. Omul takes well on small, bright, stationary and moving baits, including spinning rods. Local residents use pieces of foam rubber, fresh meat or a piece of fish as bait. In the depths of winter, omul descends to depths of over 200 meters, and appropriate gear is needed to catch it.
Pyzhyan
 |
 |
Siberian whitefish lives in rivers of the European north and Siberia. Weight up to 5 kg. Length up to 80 cm. It has good taste and is an object of both amateur and commercial fishing. It has a characteristic transition from the head to the body. Pyzhyan feeds on mollusks, larvae, and various insects.
Fishing methods: Fishing occurs through cast seines and the installation of nets. Amateur fishing takes place using ordinary gear and bait. The best bait is chiromanidae, also caviar, mollusk, fly, bloodworm.
Tugun
A small commercial fish of the whitefish genus. In the Urals it is also known as Sosvinskaya herring . Fish of northern rivers live in the basins of the Ob and its tributaries (in particular, Northern Sovva, Pur, Taz, Nadym, etc.), on the Yenisei, Lena, etc. Length up to 100 cm, weight up to 100 g. Tugun meat tastes like fresh cucumber, the meat is tender and fatty. Tugun is smoked and consumed salted.
Fishing methods: Tugun is caught using seines; fishing with a rod or spinning rods is ineffective. Fishing most often occurs during the spring flood, when the fish go to fatten; they are also caught in the summer.
Lenok
A genus of fish in the salmon family. Lives in freshwater reservoirs and rivers. Most often in fast, cold mountain rivers, on rapids. It lives in Siberia and the Far East, as well as in China, Mongolia, and Western Korea. It is not found in the European part of Russia, west of the Ural Mountains. Predator, feeds on various insects, mollusks, worms, flies. It has other names: Russian - lenok, Turkic - uskuch, Evenki - maygun, Yakut - byyit and literary - Siberian trout. Is an endangered species.
Fishing methods: There is no commercial fishing; lenok is one of the popular fish for sport and recreational fishing. Fly fishing and spinning gear is used. Young lenok are caught with a fly, similar to grayling, larger specimens are caught with spoons, various spinners, wobblers, etc.
Grayling
 |
 |
A popular fish of northern rivers of the salmon family. It is an object of sport and amateur fishing and is valued for its excellent taste. There are Siberian, European and Mongolian grayling. Reaches a weight of 2.5-3 kg. It feeds on various larvae, mollusks, insects that have fallen into the water: midges, leafhoppers, grasshoppers, gadflies, etc.
Fishing methods: The most popular way to catch grayling is fly fishing. It can also be caught with a spinning rod and a regular fishing rod. Most often, grayling is caught using a fly. There are 4 places where grayling catches well: on riffles, rapids, immediately after the stones, standing facing upstream; near fallen trees; near large stones (standing at depth); on a riffle, to the side of the main stream. If fishing is done with spoons and spinners, then, as a rule, light baits are selected, but large grayling can also be taken with heavy ones.
Taimen
 |
 |
The fish of the salmon family is listed in the Red Book of Russia; in some reservoirs it is grown and fishing is prohibited. It is a coveted trophy for any taiga fisherman. It can reach a weight of 70-85 kg and a length of up to 2 meters. It lives in fresh, cold water and does not go to sea. It lives throughout the taiga belt. The further north his habitat is, the more comfortable he becomes.
Fishing methods: taimen is a predator and the fishing methods are the same as for other predators. In those rivers where there are many small fish, such as grayling and various types of whitefish, taimen also live. Fishing for taimen most often takes place under a special license or only for trophy photography, after which the fish are released. They use various spinners, spinners, wobblers and other spinning tackle.
Sterlet
Valuable commercial fish of the sturgeon family. Body length reaches 130 cm, weight - up to 20 kg (in rare cases). Large specimens live mainly in northern rivers. It feeds on invertebrates and eats the eggs of other fish. It lives in the basins of many Siberian and European rivers in Russia, as well as in the seas. It is an object of fishing and spearfishing. Has excellent taste. An endangered species.
Fishing methods: is the target of poaching. Amateur fishermen catch sterlet under license. The most common tackle is a bottom bait with a bait in the form of a worm.
Burbot
Fish of the cod order, the only one that lives only in fresh water bodies. It is found almost throughout the taiga zone, most common in the rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin. As a rule, the weight of burbot does not exceed 1 kg.
Fishing methods: The best periods for catching burbot are winter and early spring. The best tackle is a donka, as well as a float rod. As bait you should use live bait, fry, frog, leech. It goes well at night, because at night it comes out of its burrows and lies in wait for prey near snags. It is also effective to place burbot perches at night in winter.
Pike
Not a species, but a whole family of pike. It lives both in Siberia and throughout Russia, almost everywhere. The most popular predator in our waters. The length of the pike reaches 2 meters, and the weight is 35 kg, but in rare cases.
Fishing methods: for live bait, for frog, for tadpole. When using a spinning rod, any bait works well, depending on the reservoir and the situation, be it all kinds of spinners, wobblers that imitate a wounded fry, vibrating tails, etc. This bloodthirsty predator is best caught in the spring, before its spawning, and in the fall - during the feeding season, with late August to mid-October (in the north - until September)
Dace
A small fish of the carp family. The dace lives in clean flowing rivers, both with sandy and pebble bottoms, as well as in lakes. It feeds on small insects, invertebrate plankton, and plant shoots.
Fishing methods: like all carp - a float rod with bait on a hook. Also bottom tackle and fly fishing. Bait: bloodworms, maggots, porridge, bread, worm.
Rainbow trout
Other name Mikizha . Fish of the salmon family. Small in size, length up to 55 cm, weight up to 1.5 kg. Lives in cold water, loves clean mountain rivers and lakes. Predator, feeds on fry of other fish, minnows, verkhovna, insects, etc.
Fishing methods: fly fishing or spinning. Small trout are caught on a fly, like Siberian grayling; larger individuals will bite on spoons and other spinning gear.
Minnow
The minnow is a small representative of the carp family. On the right photo lake minnow , on the left - river . The length of the fish is up to 15 cm, weight - up to 90-100 g. It feeds on mosquito larvae, flies, and small insects. The body is covered with small scales. Minnows are usually used as bait for larger fish, but can be eaten.
Fishing methods: minnows are caught during the day in calm, windless weather; at night the fish do not bite. Worms, bloodworms, and maggots are used as bait. Minnow fishing occurs in early autumn; later it goes into hibernation.
Chukuchan
A small freshwater fish of the whitefish family. Dimensions of Siberian vendace: up to 35 cm in length and weight up to 1 kg. Semi-anadromous fish, i.e. lives both in the salt water of the ocean and in the fresh water of Siberian rivers flowing into the Laptev Sea. Vendace is consumed fresh, salted and smoked. Rich in nutrients as well as Omega-3 fats.
Fishing methods: commercial fish. It is caught mainly with seines, because the effectiveness of conventional fishing rods is low.
Ide
 |
 |
Fish from the carp family. Young animals are called roaches . Lives everywhere in the taiga zone. In Siberia it is found up to Yakutia. Reaches a weight of 3 kg and a length of 55 cm. Lives up to 20 years. Omnivorous fish. Lives in rivers, lakes, ponds. Avoids fast cold water and mountain rivers. Prefers rivers with more stretches of calm water and great depth.
Fishing methods: ides are caught using conventional types of gear. Float rods, donks, spinning rods, with various spinners and spinners. The ide takes well at dusk, because at this time it feeds. The bait is worms, bloodworms, maggots, bread, bran, etc.
Perch
 |
 |
From the perch family. Found throughout northern Eurasia. Reaches a size of 44.7 cm and a weight of more than 2 kg. Predator, very voracious. It is eaten as a base for fish soup, fried, smoked, and dried. It is an object of sports, amateur and commercial fishing.
Fishing methods: Like all predators, perch takes well to bait of animal origin. For live bait, worm. Takes well with spinning tackle, wobblers (right picture), spinners, vibrotails, and various spinners. It usually lives together with pike, in places with a large number of small fish.
Chebak
Fish of the carp family. Chebak is a subspecies of roach, distributed mainly in the Urals and Siberia. In Siberia, the chebak lives almost everywhere. It is found in large quantities on the Kolyma, Indigirka, Lena, Yenisei and other Siberian rivers. Basically it is a small fish, but reaches a weight of up to 3.5 kg. In many reservoirs, chebak is the simplest and most popular fish. They eat it themselves and feed it to livestock, dogs and cats. Fish soup is made from it, fried, dried and smoked. In my opinion, chebak is especially good in the ear, when boiled.
Fishing methods: Chebak, like all carp fish, is omnivorous. It bites both on bait of animal origin and plant origin. Good for bloodworms, maggots, worms, dough, bread crumbs, corn. Classic chebak fishing occurs with a simple float rod.
Ruff
A species of fish from the perch family. In Siberia it lives everywhere up to the border of the tundra. A small fish, reaching only 30 cm in length and weighing up to 250 g. An unpretentious fish that can adapt to its living conditions. Schooling fish. It lives in both fresh water and slightly brackish waters. Predator, nocturnal.
Fishing methods: It bites best in spring, autumn and early winter - at this time it begins to eat. The time for fishing is morning and evening. In summer it is caught at night, in cool times. It bites on bloodworms, worms, and maggots. Tackle - float rod.
River fish is an integral source of protein in the human diet, as well as amino acids and vitamins. The value of river fish has been established for a long time, and the variety is so great that sometimes you can’t immediately tell what kind of fish you have in your hands.
Knowledge of what a certain species looks like and how it is characterized is also useful for a fisherman, since each species has its own behavioral characteristics and food preferences.
Zander
Pike perch belongs to the perch family of fish. It is quite easy to recognize a pike perch by its color and peculiar physique. Pike perch is a predator, so the body shape corresponds to this type of survival: the body of the pike perch is oblong and flattened on the sides.
On top, near the large fin and along the perimeter of the back, the color is dark green, but on the sides the color turns into pearlescent.
Also on the sides there are vertical stripes, dark green in color, which the pike perch uses for camouflage when hunting - often there are from 8 to 10 of them.
The lower part, or belly, is light. The scales of pike perch are quite small, like for a river fish, but average for predatory fish.
The fins are yellowish. In the oral cavity there are fang-shaped teeth, and there may also be small ones between them.
Pike perch lives in clean waters with plenty of oxygen. It feeds on small fish and can grow up to 20 kg.
Bersh
Bersch, like pike perch, is a schooling predatory fish. The color is very similar to the color of pike perch, only the stripes on the sides are more expressive. The scales are slightly larger than those of an ordinary predatory fish, and there are no fangs on the lower lip. It reaches up to a kilogram in weight, with a body length of half a meter.
Perch
The body is similar in color to a pike perch, but the structure is different. There is a hump between the first fin on the back and the head; it is noteworthy that there are two fins on the back.
The first fin has a black spot at the back, and both dorsal fins are dark in color, but the rest are orange. This species is distinguished by its ability to adapt to any conditions, which made it a picky inhabitant of the reservoir.
Ruff
It belongs to the perch family and can be recognized externally by its spotted back with a black dot, including on the dorsal fin. The ruffe is known for being very prickly when handled due to its fins and gill covers.
The ruffe grows only up to 30 cm and is not very muscular, which makes it of little value to fishermen. It feeds mainly on small insects and small fish, but does not disdain leeches.
Chop
The fish is a member of the perch family, although its elongated, yellowish, cylindrical body can be confusing to identify. Only four faint stripes on the body strengthen confidence in the relationship with the perch.
Chop is a sedentary fish and feeds mainly on larvae, worms and young fish.
The fish does not belong to the category of mass fish and is rarely caught by fishermen, but it is distinguished by its enviable vitality - it easily tolerates movement from one body of water to another.
Pike
A fairly well-known predatory fish that is difficult to confuse. In shape, the body slightly resembles a torpedo.
Depending on the habitat, the color can be completely different: gray, black, dark green.
Gray or brown color may be added.
The belly is often white, but on the sides there may be light dots of different sizes or stripes of completely different shapes and in any place.
The fins are yellowish-red.
The pike is a solitary predator and hunts by waiting for prey in cover, using camouflage and a powerful jaw full of razor-sharp teeth.
It feeds on small fish, but there are cases where pike have also attacked waterfowl. Pike grows up to 40 kg.
Roach
Roach is a schooling fish. It has a slender body, the tail is compressed on the sides. The fins located below the lateral line of the fish have an orange-red light, and those above are dark, with a red coating at the tips.
The iris of the eyes is orange. The color of the scales is uniformly silver, with the exception of the greenish back. This species is very common and often hides from predators in the grass.
The fish is not very picky about food: it feeds on caviar, worms, and small mollusks. Cases have been recorded of fish even swallowing berries that fell from bushes into the water.
It grows no more than 45 cm in length and weighs up to 2 kilograms, but the most common is 20 cm in length.
Bream
The small head and tall, flattened body make this fish species immediately recognizable as belonging to the carp family.
Depending on the age, the scales can be light gray in young individuals, or golden in older ones.
In any case, the fins will be gray and inconspicuous.
Bream lives in bodies of water with low currents and sticks to the bottom in search of peace.
It feeds mainly on larvae, worms, small crustaceans and algae.
Bream grows up to half a meter in length and weighs up to 5 kg, and is a desired trophy for any fisherman.
White-eye
It gets its name from the white iris. Whiteeye is a subspecies of bream, but is distinguished by a smaller hump on its back and larger eyes relative to its body. The color is similar to that of the bream, except that the back may have a bluish tint.
Its habits are very similar to bream, but it chooses water bodies with high current speed, but still stays closer to the bottom. It feeds on algae and small larvae, less often on mollusks. It grows up to 30 cm in length and weighs no more than one kilogram.
Gustera
It is a close relative of the bream, and can often even be confused, since the body shape is almost identical. You can distinguish them by their larger scales and reddish fin bases, which you won’t find in bream.
It prefers calm waters, but does not always stick to the bottom - fish can be caught in any part. Like all representatives of cyprinids, it feeds on algae, worms, and mollusks and grows up to 30 cm and no more than half a kilogram.
Carp
Carp is a schooling fish. It has a long body, and sometimes also tall.
The color of the carp is dark brown on top and becomes more golden towards the belly.
It has a long fin on its back that almost reaches the tail.
He also has a pair of mustaches at the corners of his lips, and another pair of short ones above his upper lip.
Preferably found in bodies of water with low or reverse currents.
The carp grows up to a meter and over 20 kilograms, so it is quite voracious and does not go overboard in food: it feeds on both animal and plant foods, sometimes it can even eat tree branches lowered into the water.
Carp
The legacy of the wild carp is the domesticated carp. It is less picky than carp and is a valuable industrial fish due to the taste of the meat, and therefore is specially bred.
Carp lives mainly in the depths, and comes out to shallow water to feed. There are many subspecies bred to meet the required amount of meat and scales.
Crucian carp: gold and silver
Crucian carp belongs to the family of carp fish, and outwardly retains its characteristics: a high body and flattened sides.
The body of the silver one is slightly longer than that of the gold one.
Crucian carp is quite hardy and is found in almost all bodies of water where fish live.
Golden crucian carp is more hardy than silver crucian carp and lives in small standing reservoirs, while silver crucian carp lives in flowing ones.
The crucian carp feeds on everything it can find, and like all cyprinids, it is omnivorous.
Golden crucian carp grows up to 3 kg, and silver carp only up to two.
Lyn
The lynx is characterized by low energy, and got its name because it kind of “sheds” when it is taken out of the water. This happens because the fish's body is covered in mucus, which hardens and falls off in the sun.
The lynx has a thick, clumsy body. The back is dark green, the sides are olive, and closer to the belly the color becomes yellowish, the fins are gray-brown.
The lynx rarely changes its habitat, even due to the need to obtain food. It feeds on algae and larvae and can grow up to 60 cm in length and weigh up to 8 kg.
Chub
The body of the fish has an almost round shape. The back is dark green, the sides are silvery, and closer to the belly it becomes silvery-white. On the scales you can see typical black borders on the edges of the scales.
The lateral fins are orange; those located on the lower part of the belly are bright red, and all the rest are gray. It is distinguished by a large head with a flat forehead.
It prefers cold water, so it can be found in rivers with fast and medium currents. In its diet it prefers comas that have fallen into the water, but in general it is omnivorous: it feeds on both algae and small fish, not to mention larvae and worms. Grows weighing up to 8 kg.
Ide
The body of the ide is slightly oblong. The back is silvery, with gilding on the sides and gradually turns white closer to the belly. The fins are all red, except for the tail - it is gray.
It prefers fast and deep rivers, but stays close to the bottom, and if it goes into shallow water, it hides under overhanging tree branches. The fish is nocturnal, and its diet is almost similar to that of the chub. Ide grows up to 70 cm in length and can weigh up to 8 kg.
Asp
The asp is a predatory fish, but prefers solitude to a flock. The body is oblong, slightly compressed at the sides, but rather rounded than flat.
The color is typical, like many fish: dark green back, silvery sides and white belly.
The lateral and pelvic fins are red, and the rest are gray. The fish has a large slanting mouth, but without teeth, but has a tubercle on the upper lip and a depression on the lower lip, which looks like a regular bite.
Prefers fast-moving ponds, rapids and mountain rivers. It feeds on small fish and insects that fall into the water. He hunts quite interestingly: he waits for the moment and at high speed rushes into the school and unexpectedly grabs small fish. The asp grows weighing up to 10 kg and length up to 80 cm.
Chekhon
Although saberfish belongs to the cyprinids, its long body and compressed sides make one doubt this. The fish has a bluish back and slightly pinkish sides. Like most fish, the pelvic and lateral fins are reddish, while the rest are grey.
The saberfish prefers clean water bodies with a minimum of vegetation. It grows up to 70 cm, but the weight usually does not exceed a kilogram, due to the structure of the body. A special feature of saberfish is that the scales peel off very well.
Rudd
The rudd is distinguished by its red fins, hence the name. Outwardly similar to a roach, but the color is more golden and the head is smaller. It lives in lakes and rivers and prefers to be in the upper layers of the reservoir.
It feeds mainly on algae and insects and grows no more than 1.5 kg.
Podust
Podust is distinguished by the dark color of the lower belly and dark fins. The body is oblong, and the short caudal fin is especially noticeable. It belongs to the herbaceous fish, as it feeds on algae that grow on rocks at the bottom of the reservoir.
It prefers fast-flowing rivers, and due to its active lifestyle, it rarely grows over half a kilogram.
Bleak
The bleak has an oblong body, compressed at the sides. The color is typical, except that the brightness of the silver scales is blinding in the sun. It lives in clean and quiet rivers and lakes, often in reservoirs.
It feeds on insects and their larvae, eggs of other fish, but basically it can be considered the food of other fish, since it is often found at the surface of the water, and grows no more than 20 cm.
Bystryanka
Bystryanka is somewhat similar to bleak, but differs in a taller but shorter body. The difference is also in the two-point line drawn in dotted lines along the side line. It grows no more than 12 cm in length, and is found mainly in rivers, less often in lakes.
Gudgeon
The gudgeon is distinguished by its grayish-brown back and yellowish-silver sides and belly. The body is oblong and rounded, with a pair of whiskers at the corners of the lips. Prefers clean, shallow reservoirs, where it prefers to stay on the bottom.
It feeds mainly on animal food such as worms and larvae, and less often on small mollusks.
White amur
Grass carp has a typical body color with a dark back and gradual lightening up to the belly. The upper and caudal fin are dark, and all the rest are light, closer to transparent.
For life, cupid chooses clean flowing reservoirs with quiet backwaters. It is a herbivorous fish, but it is capable of growing up to 30 kg and up to 120 cm in length.
Silver carp
Silver carp, as the name suggests, is distinguished by a thick and wide forehead. The color is typical, except for the yellowish fins. It is a valuable industrial fish species and is found in clean water bodies with little current, but prefers reservoirs.
It can grow up to a meter in length and weigh 20 kg, despite the fact that the diet is purely vegetable.
Som
The catfish is distinguished by a dull brown color and a huge head with two long whiskers on the sides and four short ones on the beard. The mouth is quite wide and strewn with sharp teeth, which is not surprising for a predator.
This species is considered settled and rarely leaves its habitat. Catfish are found in clean but deep waters and can reach 5 meters in length and weigh 300 kg. Given its enormous size and clumsiness, it also feeds on carrion.
Channel catfish
Like its “big brother,” the channel catfish is a predatory fish. It has a lighter color compared to ordinary catfish and is smaller in size - it can grow up to only 45 kg and no more than 1.5 meters.
Prefers clean waters, but sticks to the bottom. It feeds on animal food, such as small crustaceans, worms, mollusks, and larvae.
Acne
The eel has a body structure similar to that of a snake. Refers to predatory fish. Externally, it is brown-green, with yellowness on the sides.
A special feature is the absence of a rear fin - it stretches from the back to the belly along the wedge-shaped rear part of the body. It feeds on animal food, sometimes even frogs.
Snakehead
It got its name for its flattened head, reminiscent of a snake, and its atypical color for a fish - a yellow-brown body, in places with chaotic spots.
It is a predator and therefore has sharp teeth. Prefers rivers with large vegetation, but feeds on small fish and frogs. Capable of reaching a mass of 8 kg and a length of one meter.
Burbot
It has an oblong body and a pair of long symmetrical fins on the belly and back. The color is also specific: the body is brownish-brown green with dark and light spots.
There are antennae on the chin and nostrils. It feeds mainly on animal food, but does not disdain carrion. Capable of growing up to 25 kg.
Loach
It is distinguished by a long, elongated body with a dark yellowish color, lighter towards the belly and dark stripes along the body. It is very hardy and chooses reservoirs with silted bottoms, where it feeds on larvae and small animals. Capable of growing up to 30 cm.
Char
It has an oblong body, with a dark green back, gray-yellow sides and a yellow belly. A distinctive feature is the six antennae on the chin. It feeds on eggs and small animals and does not grow more than 10 cm.
Hungarian lamprey
The body is oblong and resembles an eel. On the back there are two untouchable fins from the middle of the body, almost to the tail. It has an interesting color: a dark gray back turns into silvery sides and a white-yellowish belly.
Prefers clean water bodies and is close to extinction due to river pollution. Does not grow more than 30 cm.
Ukrainian lamprey
The body is eel-like with a tricolor color: gray back, silvery sides, and becomes whitish closer to the belly. It is distinguished by a lighter color than that of the Hungarian lamprey. May have a row of teeth on the lower lip.
It prefers extremely clean river basins and can reach 50 cm in length, but often does not exceed 20 cm.
Sterlet
It has an oblong, not high and spindle-shaped body with a dark gray back, lighter on the sides and a light belly. A special feature is the spikes on the lateral line, the number of which reaches 50.
It lives in clean water bodies and stays close to the sandy bottom. Capable of growing up to 16 kg and over a meter long.
Danube salmon
The body of salmon is long and cylindrical in shape. It is dark gray in color up to the middle of the belly, then gradually becomes lighter. A distinctive feature are black spots scattered throughout the body.
Prefers deep, clean rivers and stays close to the bottom. Capable of reaching a weight of up to 20 kg.
Brook trout
The body is oblong and not pressed on the sides. The color is variable, but a dark gray back and a light belly are characteristic. Dark or pinkish dots are scattered throughout the body. Inhabits fast mountain rivers with rocky bottoms.
It can grow up to 2 kg, but usually the weight does not exceed one kilogram.
Umber
It has an elongated body covered with large scales. The back is dark, with light brown sides and a golden belly; has dark spots scattered over the body.
It is armed with small teeth and lives in stagnant bodies of water with good vegetation. It grows no more than 12 cm and feeds on small fish and spineless animals.
European grayling
It is distinguished by a long, low body with a high dorsal fin. The back has a brownish tint, and the sides have a metallic sheen. It has yellowish stripes along the body, and black spots are scattered near the head.
It lives in clean, cold waters and usually does not exceed 30 cm and 300 grams.
Carp
The body structure is similar to salmon: oblong and thick, cylindrical in shape. The back is dark gray with a green tint, with grayish sides and a light belly. Inhabits estuaries and lives in small flocks. Capable of growing up to 8 kg.
Are there river fish without bones? Answer: it happens! If we take the list considered, then there are no bones in the body of catfish, eels and lampreys. The skeleton of the sterlet is completely cartilaginous.
Features of river fish
Due to the limited habitat, fish with clearly defined adaptive characteristics can be found. Predators have an elongated body with a camouflage color and are quite muscular. A non-predatory river fish has a tall and flat body, often silver in color with bright fins.
12% of Russia's area is water. 400,000 square kilometers are lakes. There are more than 3,000,000 of them in the country. Most are fresh. Salt lakes make up less than 10% of the total. The diversity of reservoirs gives the same diversity of fish in them. Lacustrine species include hundreds of species. In the Ladoga reservoir alone there are 60. But let’s start with Lake Baikal. It contains 90% of Russia's fresh water reserves. What about fish?
Fishes of Lake Baikal
In terms of the number of fish species, it is not inferior to Lake Ladoga. The Holy Sea is also home to about 60 species. They are divided into 15 families and 5 orders. More than half of them are Baikal species not found in other bodies of water. Among them:
Omul
Refers to whitefish. The omul salmon family. The fish reaches 50 centimeters in length. The weight is about 3 kilograms. Even 50 years ago, there were individuals 60 centimeters long and weighing more than 3 kilos. Over the years, the omul not only becomes smaller, but also dies out. The population decline is due to active fishing. In this regard, a restriction on fishing for endemic species has been introduced in the Baikal regions.
Fish living in the lake are divided into 5 populations. The largest and most delicious omul is North Baikal. There are also Posolskaya, Selenginskaya, Barguzinskaya and Chivyrkuiskaya populations. Named after their locations in Lake Baikal. It has Barnuzinsky and Chevyrkuisky bays. Posolsk and Selenginsk are settlements on the shore of the lake.
Golomyanka
The only viviparous fish of Baikal. Refusal to spawn is not typical for northern latitudes. Most viviparous fish live in the tropics. Golomyanka also stands out for its transparency. The animal's bloodstream and skeleton are visible through the skin.
Having formed in Baikal 2,000,000 years ago, the golomyanka formed two species. The large one reaches 22 centimeters in length. Small golomyanka – 14 cm fish in the lake.
The name of the golomyanka is associated with the size of its head. It accounts for a quarter of the body area. The huge mouth is filled with small and sharp teeth. They help to successfully hunt crustaceans and fry.
40% of the golomyanka mass is fat. It provides the fish with neutral buoyancy. The fish literally floats in vertical or inclined planes.
Golomyanka is considered one of the fattest fish
Deep carp
It lives at depths of up to 1,500 meters. The fish has a large head with a wide forehead and a soft, gelatinous body. There are 24 species in the family. Representatives of the largest reach a length of 28 centimeters. The miniature broad carp procottius does not grow to 7.
In general, there are 29 species of gobies in Baikal. Only 22 of them are endemic to the lake. The total number of unique Baikal fish species is 27.
The sizes of broad carp vary from small to large individuals, depending on the species
Fish of Lake Ladoga
If Baikal is the largest lake in Russia, then the Ladoga reservoir is the largest in. Among the 60 species of local fish there are:
Volkhov whitefish
This endemic of Lake Ladoga reaches 60 centimeters in length and weighs 5 kilograms. Accordingly, the Volkhov species is one of the largest whitefish. The population is listed in the Red Book. The Volkhov hydroelectric power station blocked the fish's spawning route. While it was open, that is, until the first third of the 20th century, Volkhov whitefish were caught at a rate of 300,000 tails per year.
Volkhov whitefish is listed in the Red Book
Atlantic sturgeon
Included in conditionally extinct species lake fish. The last time an Atlantic sturgeon was seen in Lake Ladoga was in the middle of the last century. A special living form of fish lived in the reservoir. There remains hope that the lake population is not 100% extinct. If you see a sturgeon in Ladoga, inform the environmental services.
It is known that lake-river populations of Atlantic sturgeon have survived in a couple of reservoirs in France. Single individuals are found in Georgia.
Other fish of Lake Ladoga are not unique, but have significant commercial importance. The reservoir is home to pike perch, bream, pike, burbot, roach, and dace. In Ladoga they also catch rudd, eels,... The latter belongs to the cyprinids, gains weight up to 8 kilos, and grows in length up to 80 centimeters.
Fish of Lake Onega
There are 47 species of fish in Lake Onega. Vendace and smelt are the main commercial species in the reservoir. The lake is not rich in endemics. The set of fish is typical for all reservoirs of Karelia. Rare and valuable items are present in Onega, for example:
Sterlet
Sterlet is a sturgeon. They are distinguished by a cartilaginous, rather than bone, skeleton. Also, the sterlet has no scales and has a notochord. In other vertebrates it was replaced by the spine.
The sterlet grows up to 1.5 meters, gaining 15 kilograms of weight. The fish is famous for its taste and has red meat. However, the sterlet is on the verge of extinction. Industrial fishing is prohibited.
A distinctive feature among other sturgeons is the broken lower lip. It ends in the first third of the upper lip. The top one is similar to the nose. It is pointed and upturned, which gives the fish the appearance of a curious and cunning animal.
Sterlet, a fish without scales
Palia
Belongs to salmonids. Despite the protection measures taken, its numbers are declining. Lake Onega is one of the few where the Red Book animal is often caught on fishing gear.
Palia has two types: meadow and ridge. The last name indicates that the fish lives under snags, in deep and secluded places in the reservoir.
Palia meat is considered one of the most delicious among salmon. Fish of rivers and lakes gain weight of 2 kilograms. There are exceptions weighing 5 kilos. At the same time, the body of the deep species is uniformly silver. The palia living near the surface of Lake Onega has only a light belly. The back of the fish is blue-green.
Palia is one of the rarest fish
In addition to vendace and whitefish, pike perch, burbot, roach, ruffe, pike and perch are common in Lake Onega. Two varieties are often found. The latter fish is jawless and resembles a large leech. Lampreys attach themselves to victims, feeding on their blood.
Fishes of the White Lake
Once upon a time there was a royal fishing court on its banks. It was established under Mikhail Romanov. A fishery description of the reservoir according to standards close to modern ones was made at the end of the 19th century. At that time, about 20 species of fish were counted in White Lake. Among them are smelt and vendace. These species are demanding on the saturation of water with oxygen and indicate good aeration of the White Lake. It is also inhabited by:
Asp
This representative of the carp family is also called horse and filly. Hard to say what kind of fish are in the lakes It also jumps just as high out of the water. Sometimes, the asp gallops in pursuit of prey. The predator suppresses it with its powerful tail. By eating immobilized fish, the asp eliminates the need to bite into it with his teeth. The representative of the carp family does not have them.
The standard weight of an asp is 3 kilograms. The length of the fish reaches 70 centimeters. In Germany, 10-kilogram individuals were caught. In Russia the record is 5 kilograms.
Zander
It is considered the most valuable fish of White Lake. There are no endemics in it. Fish arrive in the reservoir from the rivers flowing into it, for example, Kovzhi and Kema. They merge with White on its northern side. This shore is considered the most fishy
In White Lake it is fatty, tasty, large. One of the fish caught weighed 12 kilograms. We obtained a trophy in the northeast of the reservoir. The length of the fish exceeded 100 centimeters. Large sizes are characteristic of the common pike perch. This is what is found in White Lake. In other reservoirs there are 4 more species.
The presence of pike perch in White Lake indicates the purity of its waters. Fish cannot tolerate pollution, even minimal ones. But there is plenty of pike perch. One 2-kilogram fish contained 5 gobies and 40 bleaks.
Pike perch prefers to settle in clean waters
Chekhon
Belongs to the carp family. The fish has an elongated, laterally flattened body. The general appearance resembles a herring. The animal's scales fall off easily. Another distinctive fact of sabrefish is its low weight and large size. Reaching a length of 70 centimeters, the fish does not weigh more than 1.2 kilograms.
The move of sabrefish always foreshadows the move of pike perch. Accordingly, these fish are caught one after another. The pike perch really bites carefully. it grabs the bait sharply and impulsively.
The taste of all fish in White Lake is slightly sweet, without a marshy smell. This is explained by the composition of the water and its quality. Dried fish has a similar taste, but it is sweeter due to the addition of monosodium glutamate. This is a flavor enhancer. The Beloozersky catch is good without additives.
Predatory fish of lakes
Among the predators of Russian lakes there are many familiar names. However, this does not detract from the dignity of the fish. Let's remember some of them.
Som
This predator can be 5 meters and 300 kilograms. The fish is voracious, literally sucking its prey into itself, sharply opening its wide mouth. lead a bottom lifestyle, hiding in recesses under snags and the coastline. Fish prefer deep pools and muddy waters.
Rotan
Predatory fish of the firebrand family. The name of the family and the species itself reflects its characteristics. The head occupies a third of the body area, and the animal’s mouth is disproportionately large. The animal hunts for worms, insects, and fry. Larger prey is too much for rotan, of which there are many in the fish’s mouth. The sizes were disappointing. The weight of rotan rarely exceeds 350 grams, and the length is 25 centimeters.
Loach
A flat and long fish with a mouth surrounded by 10 antennae on the underside of the head. The loach has a rounded tail fin, and those on the body are miniature and also smooth in shape.
What kind of fish is found in the lake? the loach is not particularly interested. The snake-like fish feeds on mollusks and mollusks, finding them at the bottom. The loach has minimal requirements for bodies of water, living even in dry ones. The fish learned to breathe through its stomach and skin. They replace gills that work in the presence of water. When the liquid evaporates, the loach buries itself in the silt, falling into a kind of suspended animation.
Pike
It is considered the most voracious in Russian lakes. The fish grabs everything that moves, including its relatives. Pike are recognized by their wedge-shaped head and elongated body. The color of the fish is striped or spotted.
In order not to be eaten, pike grows quickly, reaching a kilogram weight in just 3 years. Reaching a mass of 30-40 kilograms, the animal becomes at the top of the food chain of the reservoir. True, the old ones are not suitable for food. The meat becomes tough and smells like mud. The fish itself is also covered with vegetation. Fishermen caught giants similar to logs of the stomper.
Alpine char
A relict fish that lived back in the Ice Age. It is found, for example, in Lake Frolikha, in the Republic of Buryatia. Char belongs to the salmon family. The fish reaches a length of 70 centimeters and a weight of 3 kilograms. The alpine species feeds on crustaceans and small fish. The animal differs from ordinary char in its smaller size and slender body.
Grayling
The names of many predatory fish in Russia seem familiar. However, the animals themselves are exceptional. Let us remember, for example, the Baikal grayling. A white subspecies of fish lives in the lake. The coloring of the individuals is really light. The fish merges with clean water. The slightest pollution of the lake leads to a reduction in the population.
Besides this, there is also a black one in Baikal. Both subspecies belong to the Siberian class. There is also European grayling, found in lakes in the west of the country.
White Baikal grayling
In the photo there is a black grayling
In this article we will look at the question of what kind of fish there are. It should be clarified right away that the word “fish” in the meaning of “dish” will not be discussed here. Only living fish, that is, a creature living in an aquatic environment, interests us in this case. This is a superclass of aquatic vertebrates, the majority of which are dominated by gill breathing and do not feed their offspring with milk using special glands.
Division of fish by habitat
These creatures in this vein should be considered according to the main feature - whether they belong to freshwater, brackish water, or whether they require salt water to live. As you can see, the question of what types of fish there are can be answered in detail. In the first case, this is the one that lives exclusively in salty sea or ocean water. There are also breeds that survive well in both fresh and salty environments. This happens because a brackish liquid is considered optimal for them, that is, one in which the ratio of fresh water and salt is approximately 1000:1.
and oceans
If the reader is interested in what kind of fish there are in the seas and oceans, then the answer will be this far from complete list:
Already by the names you can determine how different the ocean species are and Photos of some species will only confirm this fact.
Freshwater fish habitat
When asked what types of fish there are, they answered: “Freshwater”? What is fresh water?
It should be immediately answered that an aquatic environment that contains practically no salts can be called fresh. Usually this is considered to be running water, that is, rivers. But many lakes also fall into this category. It is no secret that some freshwater fish are bred artificially for commercial purposes in man-made ponds and ditches. By the way, when looking at photographs of river fish living in natural conditions and comparing them with photographs of those that were born and raised in man-made reservoirs, it is almost impossible to notice the difference.
And, what’s really interesting, even swamps can serve as a habitat for some species of freshwater fish.
River inhabitants
Many of the superclass of aquatic vertebrates that do not feed their offspring with milk (classified as freshwater) live in rivers. The list of them is also quite large. In Russia the most common are the following:
The photos are incredibly beautiful. Fishermen often take pictures of their trophies and are extremely proud of them. Unfortunately, live river fish in natural habitats are poorly represented in photographs.
Who lives in the swamps?
Crucian carp is interesting in this regard. Although it can live quite comfortably in rivers and lakes, ichthyologists still believe that it is extremely difficult to meet it in clean mountain reservoirs. But in low-lying marshy lakes and directly in swamps, he feels just fine.
Many fishermen claim that they often catch carp, carp, gobies, tenches and eels when hooked in overgrown muddy ponds. Catfish are also found here, albeit occasionally.
Separation of fish breeds according to feeding method
All river and sea fish, as well as aquarium ornamental fish, are classified based on exactly how they feed. Some of these animals should be classified as predators, since their main diet is smaller fish, often even fry of the same species. Many predators do not disdain shellfish, caviar, and carrion.
Today, there are tragic cases of attacks on humans by the largest bloodthirsty fish - sharks. There are legends among people about how dangerous catfish and large pike are for people. Allegedly, some large individuals of these species can drag a child or a thin woman deep into the reservoir, where they deal with their victims. Or, they say, they mercilessly bite off the limbs of the unfortunate while swimming. However, no reliable facts of this have been recorded.
But the sea “sisters” of river pikes - barracudas - are capable of terrible crimes. They are also matched by the merciless moray eels, about which they say that in ancient times among the Greeks they were widespread aquarium fish, which their owners used as an instrument for executing unwanted people and those guilty of something.
The stories about piranhas, chimeras, tiger fish and giant goopers are chilling - these are also sea fish. Photos of the above killer fish look quite scary. However, it is worth noting that most fish predators pose a danger only to smaller inhabitants of water bodies. These include burbot, catfish, trout, pike, eel, whitefish, asp, bersh, perch, pike perch, and grayling, which live in large numbers in Russian rivers.
The peaceful ones are gobies, loaches, dace, carp, tenches, roaches, fishermen, bluegills, barbels, ides, spikes, bleaks, carp, rotans, gudgeons, bream, crucian carp, silver bream, verkhovka, white-eyes, cupids, chubs, ruffes, rudds, peleds, vendace and some other freshwater fish.
Differences in the method of reproduction
Most living creatures of the vertebrate superclass under consideration are egg-markers. Moreover, there is a division here, because some species use external fertilization. This happens in cases where the female releases unfertilized eggs into the water, and males belonging to the same fish species secrete a white liquid with sperm into the fertile environment - milt.
There are fish that are ovoviviparous. That is, fertilization occurs inside the female’s body. It turns out that a practically formed fry is born. These include some stingrays, sharks, eagles, eelpouts, carp-tooths and some others.
Some aquarium fish, photos of which are presented in the article, are also viviparous. These are, for example, guppies and swordtails.
Reproduction of salmon and sturgeon
Caviar species include salmon and sturgeon (the so-called red fish). A photo of a male salmon before spawning clearly demonstrates how his appearance changes before this important period in his life. The peculiar hump that appears on the back gives the name to one of the salmon species - pink salmon. The jaws of the fish bend in a hook-like manner, their body acquires a bright, even provocative color.
It is interesting that most species of red pink salmon, chum salmon and others) are brackish water. They are born in fresh rivers, then swim into the marine environment. To spawn, males and females move against the current back to their places of origin. A very large number of salmon representatives die during this period without reaching their goal: some due to natural factors, and others due to poaching. After spawning, almost all individuals of both sexes die. Although ichthyologists have discovered several exceptions to this rule, that is, they were able to register several females who came to spawn five and even seven times.
The names of some species of this most valuable commercial breed are known to almost everyone. These are stellate sturgeon, sturgeon, thorn, beluga, sterlet and some others.
Aquarium fish
Photos of these vertebrates attract the attention of even those people who are absolutely indifferent to ichthyology and have no desire to have such unique pets. The brightness of the color and the unusualness of their appearance play a major role in this.
However, for those who are interested in the underwater world and its inhabitants, aquarium fish can become a real practical aid. By observing them and studying their habits, one can identify all the main gradations of this natural superclass of vertebrates.
Just like all fish, these pets kept in aquariums are divided into freshwater, brackish water and marine.
There are also notorious predators here, attacking other inhabitants not at all out of hunger, but because this is their natural essence. Such examples are piranhas and ornamental sharks. Along with them, there are insectivorous fish, as well as those that prefer worms, bloodworms, algae, etc.
Aquarium fish are divided into spawning and viviparous. The majority, of course, are those that throw caviar and milt into the water.
Briefly about the main thing...
Observing the life of fish, a person draws important conclusions for himself: in nature everything is interconnected, everything is dependent on one another. And a person is one of the links in the chain, for the integrity of which he is responsible.
