Trinity of the Life-Giving, which is on Gryazekh
From time immemorial, the monastery stood on a swampy place near the Rachka River - hence the name “mud”. Before her, several churches were replaced here. The first one known to us is a wooden church in honor of Basil of Caesarea, which burned down in a fire in 1547. Later it was restored.
In 1649, the first stone one with boundaries was erected in honor of St. Basil and the Intercession of the Virgin Mary. In 1701, a second one was added to it, with a new limit in honor of the Entry of the Virgin Mary. From this moment on, the Pokrovsky limit ceases to exist.
In those days, Moscow was rich in fires - they happened almost every week. On one of these days, May 20, 1737, Trinity on Gryazekh- the roof burned out in places and the bell tower was partially damaged, some items of clothing were burned. And in 1742, the bell tower unexpectedly collapsed to the ground - most likely due to the swampy soil. Ivan Michurin (compiler of the Moscow map) restored it with his own money.
In 1748, the main altar of the rebuilt church was consecrated in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity; the side chapels were consecrated in 1752.
In 1812, the Trinity Monastery was not damaged either by fires or by the French. However, in 1819, a warm church was rebuilt with donations from the merchant Borisovsky. This is how two more borders appeared - the Cathedral of Our Lady and the icon of the Three Joys (they are celebrated on the same day) and St. Nicholas.
In 1826, the temple was consecrated by Metropolitan Filaret Drozdov himself.
In 1856-1861 architect M. Bykovsky built a new one, already the fifth stone temple on this spot. It should be noted that fragments of walls and the foundations of previous churches remained in it. The main boundary of the new monastery was consecrated in honor Life-Giving Trinity, and the second - in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Three Joys” (and again it was consecrated by Filaret Drozdov). The funds for construction were provided by the famous manufacturer Evgraf Molchanov.
The architecture of the Trinity Church on Gryazekh reveals the trends of the Renaissance. This is a rectangular building, four-pillar, with low corner cells. It is crowned with a large squat dome and a bell tower over the western porch.
The exterior of the temple has rich decoration. The eastern and southern facades are decorated with pilaster porticoes with incredibly beautiful capitals. The frieze with lush floral patterns and the magnificent flies with an openwork pattern also attract attention. The semi-circular windows running through the building fit very harmoniously into its appearance. The main entrance from the street is interestingly designed - in the form of a small turret with a figured finish.
Church of the Holy Trinity on Gryazekh It has interesting feature Regarding the interior decoration: its main limit is on the right, and the side one is in the center.
After the October Revolution, the monastery shared the difficult fate of most other Moscow churches. At first it was captured by the so-called “Gregorians”, and in 1930 the authorities closed it completely.
Until 1950, the building housed a granary, after which it became a cultural center. Unfortunately, the temple was radically rebuilt - it was divided into floors and many rooms, the domes and bell tower were demolished. At the northern limit there was a cinema and concert hall.
It existed in this form until 1979, when the building cracked, after which it was put into overhaul. However, recovery Church of the Holy Trinity, on Gryazekh began only in 1992, when it was finally transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.
The first mention of a temple on this site dates back to XVI century- it was a wooden church in honor of St. Basil, later chapels in honor of the Intercession were consecrated with it Holy Mother of God and the Holy Trinity. In the middle of the 17th century, the temple was built in stone - it stood for almost a hundred years, but in 1742 the bell tower of the temple with the lower and upper refectory collapsed. This probably happened because the area on which the temple was built was flooded from time to time - the Rachka River flowed nearby, flowing from the pond, which is now called Chisty, it crossed Pokrovka and went further down Kolpachny Lane. In the spring, and also after heavy rains, the crustacean overflowed and turned neighboring properties into a swampy and muddy area. Actually, this is where the name “on the Mud” comes from.
Construction began in 1745 new church with the main chapel of the Life-Giving Trinity. The temple, completed by 1752, was made in early Baroque forms; there is a version that its builder was the famous architect Ivan Michurin.
In the fire of 1812, the church was not damaged and was not looted by the French. However, by the middle of the 19th century, the Trinity Church became cramped and could not accommodate all the parishioners. The then church warden of the temple, merchant and manufacturer Evgraf Vladimirovich Molchanov, decided to rebuild it at his own expense. He turned to a famous architect who developed a design for the new Trinity Church. He radically rebuilt the old temple, significantly increasing the area of the church building. The new temple was crowned with a large dome, and a high three-tier bell tower was erected on the western side (the architect's son took part in its construction, which lasted until the 1870s); The facades of the temple were made in classical forms. Construction work was completed in 1861, the church was consecrated by St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. The locally revered icon of the Mother of God of the “Three Joys” was kept in the temple, from which it received its second name – “The Three Joys”. Built by the architect Bykovsky, the temple became the new high-rise dominant of the Pokrovka and Ivanovskaya Gorka area, along with the ancient Church of the Assumption and the Church of the Archangel Gabriel (Menshikov Tower).
The donor of the Trinity Church, Evgraf Molchanov, a hereditary honorary citizen and state councilor, was a major manufacturer, owner of several textile and calico-printing enterprises in Moscow and the Moscow region. He was also known as a philanthropist who helped poor families and orphans. Molchanov had an estate on Pokrovka, directly opposite the Trinity Church, of which he was the headman for many years. Architect Mikhail Bykovsky built a lot on Molchanov’s order - in the same 1860s, he rebuilt his manor house on Pokrovka (current building 10) and built the Znamensky Church in Molchanov’s estate Khovrino (Grachevka).
After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the temple continued to operate until it was closed in 1930 for the construction of a granary here. The high dome of the temple and 3 tiers of the bell tower were dismantled, a floor was built over the former chapel, the internal space was divided by ceilings and partitions - after these reconstructions it was difficult to recognize the building former temple. Since the 1950s, a cultural center has been located here. In the early 1990s, the temple was returned to believers.
In 2014, restoration and reconstruction of the base and foundations of the building, masonry and structures were carried out (including the opening of window and door openings, the installation of shut-off waterproofing). The rafter system, roofing, domes above the entrance group, gilded crosses and cross apples have been repaired and restored. Copper downspouts have been replaced. Granite, white stone and terracotta plinths have been restored; granite platforms and entrance steps.
Large-scale work was carried out to restore the historical design of the facades. The white stone and stucco decor were restored and recreated; terracotta capitals of pilaster porticoes; oak window and door joinery and window grilles. The facades were plastered and painted.
For the first time, the place where the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Gryazekh now stands was mentioned in the annals of history back in the 16th century. Once upon a time, a wooden church was built there in honor of St. Basil the Great. In the 17th century they decided to cover it with stone, but in the mid-18th century the bell tower fell from a height and collapsed. This misfortune occurred due to the close proximity to the Rachka River, which flowed from the pond, which is now called Chisty.
The crustacean was crossing Pokrovskaya Street. In the spring or after prolonged rains, the river overflowed and turned the entire area into mud. That's why this area got its name.
Church warden
In 1812, when Moscow burned, the church was not damaged, but by the middle of the 19th century, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Gryazekh was unable to accommodate all the parishioners. Therefore, the head of the church, philanthropist and Evgraf Vladimirovich Molchanov, decided to rebuild it at his own expense.
Evgraf Molchanov was a major entrepreneur, owner of several textile and calico-printing factories in Moscow and the Moscow region. All his life, Evgraf Vladimirovich helped the poor, orphans, and his workers.
And so, to implement his plan and build the temple, he turns to the famous architect and his friend M. D. Bykovsky.
Renaissance
The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Gryazekh at the Pokrovsky Gate will soon take on a new look. On the western side of the church, the architect decides to erect a three-tier bell tower, which will be completed in 1870. The facade of the temple is made in a classical style,
In 1861, construction was completed. The Metropolitan of Moscow at that time was St. Philaret, who consecrated the Life-Giving Trinity on Gryazekh - this is an amazing structure, since many things are connected with it interesting stories. This is where it is stored miraculous icon with a touching story.
Miraculous icon
The icon is called “The Holy Family”, and the author is the famous Italian artist Raphael. Even before the reconstruction of the temple, one pious artist brought it from Italy and gave it to his relative, who turned out to be the rector of the temple on Gryazekh. Some time later, after the artist’s death, the rector placed the icon on the porch of the church.
Forty years later, a miracle associated with the icon occurred. One woman’s husband was slandered and exiled to Siberia, and her property was returned to the treasury. And the only son was captured. The poor woman cried out to the Mother of God for help day and night. Then one day, while grieving and praying, she heard a voice telling her to find the icon of the Holy Family and pray in front of it. Fortunately, the woman finds the icon and prays with all zeal. After some time, the woman’s husband is rehabilitated, the home is given back to the owners, and the son returns from captivity.
The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Gryazekh becomes a place of pilgrimage for believers, and people give the icon the name “Three Joys.”
There is also an icon of the great Georgian ascetic in the temple. The life of the saint is written in the Cheti-Minea. They say that during the life of David of Gareji, the sorcerer priests, for a certain bribe, persuaded a certain girl to publicly disgrace the Christian preacher. The girl accused the saint of her pregnancy, then the man of God, holding out his staff and touching the girl’s belly, asked if he was the father of the child. To which from the womb everyone heard the voice “No.” Georgian women know this terrible story well, which is why they ask the saint for help in childbirth, giving a child, and so on.
In 1929, Moscow, or rather the Soviet government, decided to turn the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Gryazekh into a granary, and starting in the mid-50s of the twentieth century, a club was opened there. After the events of 1991, the temple building again belongs to the church, it still operates now, the rector is Archpriest Ivan Kaleda.
The construction of the first church on the site of the current Church of the Holy Trinity on Gryazekh dates back to the 16th century, when noble families from Novgorod and Pskov began to settle on the Stromynskaya road (present-day Maroseyka). The first stone church was built in 1649. In 1701, the church was rebuilt, with a new chapel for the Entry of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the Temple. In 1819, this warm church, dilapidated by that time, was dismantled and a new one was built, with the side chapels of the Cathedral of the Mother of God or the “Three Joys” icon of the Mother of God, which is celebrated on the day of the Cathedral of the Mother of God on January 8 and St. Nicholas.
There is an interesting story associated with the “Three Joys” icon. The icon is a copy, or copy, of Raphael's Italian icon of the Holy Family. It came to the temple at the beginning of the 18th century, during the time of Peter I. Then one of the painters, sent to study in Italy, returned, brought with him a copy of the Italian icon and left it with his relative --- abbot Church of the Holy Trinity on Gryazekh. After the artist’s death, the priest placed the icon on the church porch. After some time, one woman’s husband was slandered and sent into exile. As a consequence of this, the estate was taken into the treasury. To top it all off, her only son was captured by the enemy. The poor woman cried out to the Most Holy Theotokos for a long time asking her to help her in these troubles. And one day, during prayer, I heard a voice: “Find the icon of the Holy Family and pray in front of it!..” The sufferer found the icon on the porch of the Church of the Holy Trinity on Gryazekh and prayed in front of it. And very soon she received three good news: her husband was acquitted, her estate was returned, and her beloved son returned from enemy captivity. It was after this that the icon received its name “Three Joys” and became the main shrine of the temple.
The icon fell in love with the Russian people; it was especially revered in the Don and Kuban. It was believed that praying in front of her would help return home the Cossacks who had gone on a spree.
In 1861, the temple was completely rebuilt according to the design of M. D. Bykovsky. The architect put it on stilts. It is interesting that the main altar of the Church of the Holy Trinity was located on the right, and the central chapel of the “Three Joys” icon of the Mother of God became central.
Another shrine of the temple is the icon of St. David of Gareji, the great Georgian ascetic of the 6th century. Saint David of Gareji has the grace from God to help women with their weaknesses and ailments associated with childbearing. They turn to him with prayer for help in childbirth, for the gift of a child or for the healing of an illness, and also to thank him for receiving what he asked for. The basis for such a prayer appeal was an episode from the life of the monk, which brings to us his life. The Monk David of Gareji came to Georgia from Syria in the middle of the 6th century and settled in the vicinity of Tbilisi. He was a preacher of the Christian faith, for which fire-worshipping priests took up arms against him. Having persuaded one seduced girl, they declared him the culprit of her shame. Summoned by the residents to the trial, the Reverend approached the girl and, touching her womb with his staff, asked: “Am I your father?” A voice was heard from the womb: “No,” and the true culprit of her fall was named. After that, in front of everyone, the girl gave birth to a stone. In memory of heavenly intercession, the Reverend asked the Lord on that mountain for a healing spring, to which Georgians still resort to in their women’s infirmities.
In 1929 the temple was closed. It housed a granary and, from the mid-50s, a club. The drum and bell tower were demolished; Everything inside has been greatly rebuilt, and an assembly hall has been equipped in the central aisle.
In 1992, the building was again transferred to the church.
Now the rector of the temple is Archpriest John Kaleda.
Temple day is the feast of Holy Pentecost (movable celebration depending on the celebration of Easter).
In addition to services on Sundays, Saturdays and holidays, every Wednesday a prayer service is held in front of the “Three Joys” icon of the Mother of God with the reading of an akathist, during which the icon is taken out of the altar for veneration. People from all over Moscow and other cities come to the prayer service to pray for help for those in prison, for family well-being, and for the repayment of debts. On Mondays, prayers are performed to St. David of Gareji, on Thursdays - to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. There is a Sunday school at the church.
