According to the 1991 population census, 16.7 million people lived in the country. The population growth rate since 1969 has been 2.5% per year. 4/5 of the population lives in the south of the country, the coastal areas of the lake are most densely populated. Victoria. The rest of the population lives in the northern regions, occupying 2/5 of the country's area. The average population density is 90 people per 1 sq. km. The majority of foreigners, whose number does not exceed 4%, come from neighboring countries. In 1991, the birth rate was 52 per 1 thousand people, the death rate was 17. Life expectancy decreased to 48 years. Youth under the age of 17 make up 54% of the population. In 1999, Uganda's population was estimated at 21.6 million people.
Rural population.
87% of the country's population is concentrated in rural areas. Most of them do not live in villages, but in small isolated farms, usually including 5-6 people - the peasant himself, his wife or wives, unmarried children and parents. There are large interregional differences in rural population density. In some, mainly southern, regions it is so high that there is a lack of land for self-sufficiency in agricultural products.
Urban population.
Although the urban population has doubled since independence to reach 12%, for Africa this rather low figure indicates a slight influx of rural residents into cities. Kampala, Uganda's only major city (1.246 million inhabitants in 2003), is its spiritual and business center. The most important industrial center is Jinja (86,520 thousand inhabitants in 2002), located in the place where the Victoria Nile flows from Lake. Victoria. Other relatively large cities are Mbale (more than 70 thousand in 2002); Masaka - 49.6 thousand, Mpigi - 42.8 thousand and Mbarara - 41 thousand inhabitants in the late 1990s.
Racial and class composition.
Africans make up almost the entire population of Uganda. Non-Africans reached their maximum number in 1959, when they accounted for just over 1% of the country's population, then 6.4 million people. In this society three categories of population could be distinguished. Europeans, overwhelmingly British, occupied the highest administrative positions and headed the largest companies. Before the decision in the early 1920s to support African small-scale farming, Europeans owned large agricultural plantations. Indians who began migrating from their homeland to Uganda in the 1880s and their descendants occupied middle-level government positions, owned small cotton gins, and were involved in retail trade and crafts. Two Indian families, Madhvani and Mehta, managed to create entire industrial empires. When the country became independent, Uganda's 77,000 Indians were offered a choice between British and Ugandan citizenship. In 1972, Indians were expelled from Uganda.
As of 2016, there are three sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in Uganda. One object is included in the list according to cultural criteria, two objects - according to natural ones.
Burial of the Buganda Kings at Kasubi. Located in the suburbs of Kampala, the capital of Uganda. At the top of Kasubi Hill is the former palace of the rulers ("kabaka") of Buganda, which was built in 1882 and converted into a royal tomb in 1884. The main building of Muzibu-Azala-Mpanga houses four tombs of the kings of Buganda: Mutesa I (1835–1884), Mwanga II (1867–1903), Daudi Chwa II (1896–1939), Sir Edward Mutesa II (1924–1969).
On March 16, 2010, as a result of a fire, the architectural part of the site was almost completely destroyed, but the tombs were not damaged. The facility has now been restored thanks to Japanese assistance.
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) is a national park in southwestern Uganda, part of the Bwindi Forest. Located along the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, next to the Virunga National Park, on the edge of the Great Rift Valley. Area 331 sq. km. The park consists of lowland and mountain jungle. You can only get to it on foot. Bwindi is one of the richest ecosystems in Africa. The park is home to about 120 species of mammals, 346 species of birds, 202 species of butterflies, 163 species of trees, 100 species of ferns, 27 species of amphibians. There are 340 mountain gorillas here, which is almost half of the total number.
Rwenzori Mountains is a national park in Uganda, in the Rwenzori Mountains. The park's territory, which covers almost 1 thousand km², contains the third highest peak in Africa (Margherita Peak, 5109 m), numerous waterfalls, lakes and glaciers. The park is known for the rich and specific species diversity of plants growing in it.
Kampala- capital of Uganda.
History of Kampala
The capital of Uganda is Kampala, which is located in the high hills near Lake Victoria. When British explorers reached these places, they discovered that they had invaded Buganda territory. The local king loved to hunt antelope here.
In 1890, the British founded a trading fort on the hills. The founder of Kompala was the adventurer Lugard. Here he represented the interests of one of the joint-stock companies, which received the rights to manage local lands from the English government. It was assumed that the private capital of shareholders would contribute to the economic development of the English colony. But the policy of a private company led to the outbreak of civil war here in 1892. As a result, the English government took control of the colony into its own hands.
In 1962, the independent state of Uganda appeared on the political map. Kampala becomes its capital. In fact, Kampala was at that time the industrial, financial and commercial center of the country. But already in 1978, the city was seriously damaged during the armed conflict with Tanzania. Over the course of many years, the capital was rebuilt. Today, the capital's population is employed in the textile, metalworking and food industries.
Sights of Buganda
Kampala is interesting because the kings of Buganda are buried here. Created royal necropolis was at the end of the 19th century. It consists of four tombs. They were built from clay, straw and wood.
Well, the main religious center of the capital is Gaddafi mosque. They began to build it during the time of dictator Amin, who became famous for eating his political opponents. The construction of the mosque was completed in 2008. Currently it is the largest mosque in Africa. Its construction was financed by Gaddafi.
Another cult place of Kompala is Rubaga Catholic Cathedral, where the first black Archbishop Kiwanuka rests.
Well, it’s definitely worth a visit while exploring Kompala Uganda Museum, where you can view rare exhibits. The Ugandapithecus skull is kept here. And next to the museum, a historical settlement of the ancestors of the Ugandans has been created, where you can examine their household items and get acquainted with the ancient technology of baking bread and making beer.
Etymology
Story
On January 25, 1971, while Obote was on a trip abroad, the Ugandan army carried out a coup. The military dissolved parliament and dispersed local councils in regions of the country. The head of state was 45-year-old Major General Idi Amin Dada from the Kakwa tribe. (English)- a professional military man who served in the colonial forces of the British Army from 1946 and participated in the suppression of the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya.
In August 1972, Amin announced a course towards “Uganization”. First, the property of Asians was requisitioned, and then the property of Europeans. Persons of Indian and Pakistani origin who lived in Uganda and did not have local citizenship (60 thousand people) were expelled from Uganda.
Amin reoriented Uganda's foreign policy. In 1972, Amin broke off diplomatic relations with Israel. Amin began to make friends with Arab states, as well as with the USSR, from which he began to receive significant financial assistance. In 1973, Amin demonstratively sent a group of Ugandan officers to participate in another war between Egypt and Syria against Israel. In 1976, Amin broke off diplomatic relations with Great Britain.
In 1972, armed clashes began on the Ugandan-Tanzanian border. Amin made territorial claims to Tanzania and Kenya.
At the same time (in 1972-1975), the size of the army was tripled, and a large number of weapons were purchased (from the USSR). Due to increased government spending, Amin froze wages in the public sector and cut funding for social programs and medicine. Population discontent became widespread. Amin launched widespread repressions. Among those physically destroyed were army officers and even ministers.
A struggle for power unfolded in Uganda; two presidents were replaced within a year - Y. Lule and G. Binaisa. In May 1980, the Front military junta took power. It allowed the activities of parties, trade unions, and public organizations in the country.
In December 1980, parliamentary elections were held. Obote's party won, and he again became President of Uganda. Soon, interethnic tensions intensified in Uganda, and anti-government protests began, organized by various groups. The so-called People's Resistance Army led by Museveni launched a guerrilla war in the west of the country.
In July 1985, a military coup was carried out, and a military junta led by General Basilio Olara-Okello came to power. Parliament was dissolved and the constitution was suspended.
In January 1986, the military junta was overthrown by the People's Resistance Army. Museveni declared himself president of the country.
Geography and natural conditions
Uganda is located in the north-west of the East African Plateau, in the region of the Great African Lakes, mainly in the savannah and light forest zone of the subequatorial belt.
The surface of Uganda is a plateau 1000-1500 m high, with individual mountain peaks (Rwenzori massif, height up to 5109 m). The plateau is dissected by valleys, often swampy.
The climate is subequatorial, humid in summer, moderated by the significant altitude above sea level. The average temperature of the coldest month is 20 °C, the warmest is 25 °C.
The vegetation is dominated by tall grass savannas; small tracts of tropical forests have been preserved.
The fauna is rich - there are elephants, hippopotamuses, buffaloes, antelopes, giraffes, lions, leopards, monkeys. There are many birds and reptiles (crocodiles, snakes), as well as insects (tsetse fly, malaria mosquito, etc.). There are a lot of fish in rivers and lakes.
Previously, there were quite a lot of rhinoceroses in Uganda, but as a result of the 20-year civil war, there were none left. The last rhinoceros seen in the wild was in 1983. In 2001, 2 rhinoceroses were brought from Kenya to the Entebbe Zoo. For the breeding of rhinoceroses, the Nakasongola nursery was specially created, to which 4 rhinoceroses were donated. In 2009, one of the females at the nursery gave birth to a calf, becoming the first rhinoceros born in Uganda in 20 years.
State structure
Uganda is an authoritarian presidential republic where all power is concentrated in the hands of the president. Since January 1986 - Lieutenant General Yoweri Kaguta Museveni. Presidential elections are held every 5 years, the number of presidential terms is no more than two in a row, according to the current 1995 Constitution.
Unicameral parliament - 332 deputies; 215 are elected by popular vote for 5-year terms, 104 are appointed from various groups (79 women, 10 military, 5 disabled, 5 youth, 5 from trade unions), 13 deputies are appointed by public office.
Political parties have been allowed since 2005. The largest party in parliament (205 deputies) is the National Resistance Movement (headed by Museveni).
There are rebel groups operating in the country, the largest being the Lord's Resistance Army.
Armed forces
The country's armed forces are the Uganda People's Defense Forces. The total number is 40-45 thousand people, including ground forces and air forces. There is no universal conscription, and the armed forces are recruited on a contract basis.
Administrative division
Uganda is divided into 4 regions comprising 111 districts and 1 metropolitan district, Kampala.
| Region | Adm. center | Square, km² |
Population, (2014) people |
Density, people/km² |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Kampala | 61 403,2 | 9 579 119 | 156,00 |
| Eastern | Jinja | 39 478,8 | 9 094 960 | 230,38 |
| Northern | Gulu | 85 391,7 | 7 230 661 | 84,68 |
| Western | Mbarara | 55 276,6 | 8 939 355 | 161,72 |
| Conflict zone | 12 718 | |||
| Total | 241 550,7 | 34 856 813 | 144,30 |
Additionally, the 1995 Ugandan constitution recognizes the autonomous status of the traditional kingdoms of Buganda, Bunyoro, Toro, Rwenzeruru and Busoga, which are governed by local hereditary rulers.
Population
Population - 34,856,813 (2014 census). The official language is English, of the African languages the most widespread is Luganda (of the Ganda tribe, used as a language of interethnic communication among the Bantu tribes). The language used for domestic trade is Swahili (based on Bantu and Arabic).
Annual growth - 3.6% (2nd place in the world).
According to the average forecast, by 2100 the country's population will be 192.5 million people.
Birth rate - 48 per 1000 (fertility - 6.73 births per woman (2nd highest in the world), infant mortality - 64 per 1000).
Mortality rate is 12 per 1000.
Average life expectancy is 52 years for men, 54 years for women (in 2010).
Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rate is 6.4% (2010 estimate).
Urban population - 13% (in 2008).
- Nandi - 332,000 people. - 1.3% (East Sudanese group);
- madi - 296,230 people. - 1.1%
- Karamojong - 258,307 people. - 1.0% (East Sudanese group);
and others.
Economy
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, niobium, gold, tungsten, hydropower, fertile lands.
GDP per capita in 2009 was 1.3 thousand (204th place in the world). Below the poverty level is about a third of the population.
Main economic sector: agriculture (82% of workers, 22% of GDP), main export product is coffee. Tea, cotton, tobacco, sugar cane, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, and flowers are also cultivated; fishing; Livestock farming is poorly developed.
Industry: (5% of employees, 25% of GDP) - sugar, brewing, tobacco, textiles.
International trade
Exports - $2.9 billion in 2017: coffee, fish, tea, cotton, flowers, gold.
Main buyers: Kenya 17.7%, UAE 16.7%, Democratic Republic of Congo 6.6%, Rwanda 6.1%, Italy 4.8%
Imports: $4.6 billion in 2017 - industrial goods, vehicles, petroleum products, medicines, grains.
Main suppliers:
UGANDA,The Republic of Uganda, a country in East Africa, is located in the equator region between 4° N and 1 ° 30 ў S, north of the lake. Victoria. Borders to the west with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), in the north - with Sudan, in the east - with Kenya, in the south - with Rwanda and Tanzania. The area is 241.1 thousand square meters. km. The population is 21.6 million people (1999). The capital is Kampala. A British protectorate since 1894, Uganda gained independence in 1962.
Nature.Uganda is located on the East African Plateau. Bó
Most of the country's territory is located at altitudes from 900 to 1500 m above sea level. Uganda is bordered by mountains on almost all sides. In the east, on the border with Kenya, Mount Elgon rises (4321 m). In the north, the southernmost spurs of the Imatong Mountains, or Lolibai, enter the country. In the southwest, on the border with Rwanda and the DRC, there are the Virunga (Bufumbira) volcanoes. The most magnificent block mountains - the Rwenzori - rise along the western border. Located actually on the equator, they represent a chain of snow-covered peaks; Most of them exceed 4550 m, including the highest point in Uganda, Mount Margherita (5109 m), with the exception of the Rwenzori Mountains, all other mountains in Uganda are of volcanic origin. % of the entire territory of the country is occupied by inland waters and swamps; we can also highlight the second largest freshwater lake in the world, Lake Victoria (area 69.5 thousand sq. km). Other lakes include Albert (5.6 thousand sq. km), Edward and George in the west, Kyoga and Kwania with marshy shores in the center and Bisina and Opeta in the east. One of the sources of the Nile, the Victoria Nile, begins from Lake Victoria in the Jinja region. Rushing north, it overcomes several rapids and waterfalls and lakes Kyoga and Albert, and then flows under the name Albert Nile and crosses the border with Sudan, other rivers are Aswa, Dopet, Kafu, Kagera, Katonga, Mayanja, Malaba and Paguer. The climate of Uganda is subequatorial, moderated by a significant surface height. Daytime temperatures in most areas range from 27-29° to 16-18° C. With the exception of a small area in the far northeast and isolated areas in the northwest, Uganda receives substantial rainfall, allowing farmers to harvest two crops a year. Almost everywhere, on average, approximately 1000 mm of precipitation falls per year, and in the south, in areas adjacent to the lake. Victoria, and in the west in the Rwenzori Mountains - over 1500 mm. The heaviest rains occur in the south in March and September and about a month earlier in the north; the wet and dry seasons are clearly defined. The southern part of the country is part of the zone of tropical rainforests, but in the last hundred years they have been significantly reduced due to ploughing. In the northern regions there are savannas. On the plateau, the vegetation cover is mosaic; tall grass communities of purple pinnate bristle, or elephant grass, and groves of mvuli trees are often found. In the northeast, conditions are close to semi-desert, characterized by dry thorny bushes, acacias and euphorbias. The swamps around the lakes are dominated by thickets of papyrus and reeds. The country's fauna is also rich. The lowland areas are home to zebra, oribi and eland antelopes, as well as a number of other animals. Elephants, buffaloes and hippopotamuses are found in lake areas. Even near populated areas you can find lions, leopards and crocodiles. There was a time when Uganda could boast of a variety of well-maintained protected areas. The most popular national parks are Murchison Falls (or Kabarega) and Queen Elizabeth (or Rwenzori). In the southwest of the country there is a gorilla faunal reserve. In the 1970s and 1980s, protected areas suffered considerable damage from squatters and poachers. Population and society.
According to the 1991 population census, there were 16.7 million people in the country. The population growth rate since 1969 was estimated at 2.5% per year, 4/5 of the population lives in the south of the country, the coastal areas of the lake are most densely populated. Victoria. The rest of the population lives in the northern regions, occupying 2/5 of the country's area. The average population density is 90 people per 1 sq. km. Most of the foreigners, whose number does not exceed 4%, come from neighboring countries. In 1991, the birth rate was estimated at 52 per 1 thousand people, mortality - 17. Life expectancy has dropped to 48 years, and young people under the age of 17 make up 54% of the population. In 1999, the population of Uganda was 21.6 million people. Rural population.
87% of the country's population lives in rural areas. Most of them do not live in villages, but in small isolated farms, usually including 5-6 people - the peasant himself, his wife or wives, unmarried children and parents. There are large interregional differences in rural population density. In some, mainly southern, regions it is so high that there is a lack of land for self-sufficiency in agricultural products. Urban population.
Although the urban population has doubled since independence to reach 13%, for Africa this rather low figure indicates little influx of rural residents into cities. Kampala, the only large city in Uganda (774.2 thousand inhabitants in 1991), is its spiritual and business center. The most important industrial center is Jinja (65.2 thousand inhabitants), which is located in the place where the Victoria Nile flows from Lake. Victoria. Other relatively large cities are Mbale (54 thousand), Masaka (49.6 thousand), Mpigi (42.8 thousand) and Mbarara (41 thousand). Racial and class composition.
Africans make up almost the entire population of Uganda. Non-Africans reached their maximum number in 1959, when they accounted for slightly more than 1% of the country's population, then 6.4 million people. In this society three categories of inhabitants could be distinguished. Europeans, overwhelmingly British, occupied top administrative positions and headed large companies. Before the decision in the early 1920s to support African small-scale farming, Europeans owned vast agricultural plantations. Indians who began migrating from their homeland to Uganda in the 1880s and their descendants occupied middle-level government positions, owned small cotton gins, and engaged in retail trade and crafts. Two Indian families, Madhvani and Mehta, managed to form entire industrial empires. When the country gained independence, 77 thousand Indians in Uganda were offered a choice between British and Ugandan citizenship, and in 1972 the Indians were expelled from Uganda. Africans are located at the bottom of the social hierarchy. The colonial authorities cared little about their education; they could only engage in petty trade. Since in everyday life Africans had to deal more with Indians - petty officials, store owners and cotton buyers, they were more hostile to immigrants from India than to Europeans. Ugandan society retains respect for traditional social values. Taking care of their large families remains an honorable duty for Ugandans; most residents still do not recognize equality between men and women. Feminists oppose polygamous marriages, but most Ugandans are of the opinion that a wealthy man can have several wives. However, laws are gradually being changed to give only men the right to inherit land and, in case of divorce, to keep their children. It is common practice to wear European clothes; Ugandans prefer to wear national attire on holidays. Even Christians participate in many rituals associated with the local traditional cults.
