Head diesel-electric Submarine B-585 "St. Petersburg" of project 677 "Lada" passed all the main types of tests, confirming its characteristics. Thus, favorable conditions have developed for the domestic industry to receive additional orders from the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for ships of this type and to conclude contracts through military-technical cooperation for the export version of the Amur 1650. Project 677 was developed under the leadership of general designer Yuri Nikolaevich Kormilitsin. The main task of the Lada is to search for and destroy enemy submarines. Having introduced many latest technologies and advanced design solutions, specialists from the Rubin Central Marine Engineering Design Bureau created a unique “underwater fighter.” During tests in the Baltic and then (from mid-2013 to the present) at the Northern Fleet training grounds, the Saint Petersburg demonstrated excellent qualities as a “hunter”. In duel situations with surface ships and submarines of other projects, he was the first to detect the “enemy.” This gave the submarine commander the opportunity to take an advantageous position for an attack and unexpectedly “open fire” on an unsuspecting “adversary.”
Sometimes uninvited guests from among the submariners of NATO countries also became “victims” of the Lada. Having received a sound impulse on the body, the “moose” preferred to “take off its hooves” as quickly as possible, heading away from the Russian shores. Our geopolitical “partners” still have one consolation - the fact that so far only the lead ship of this type has been accepted into the Russian Navy. However, they will not remain in a joyful mood for long. At the facilities of the Admiralty Shipyards, work is in full swing on the second hull, the Kronstadt, which is expected to be launched early next year. It will be followed by the Velikiye Luki diesel-electric submarine. It is assumed that first the Russian Navy will receive four ships in the initial “diesel-electric” version, and then another five of an improved design with an air-independent power plant. Aerobic propulsion unit General Director of the Rubin Central Design Bureau, Igor Vilnit, claims that the Lada represents the most modern non-nuclear submarine today, capable of successfully competing with all existing German, French and Swedish submarines of this class. In practical terms, this statement applies primarily to the international tender Project 75i for six submarines for the Indian Navy, in which Rosoboronexport is promoting the Amur 1650 on the Russian side. “All other proposals are based on ships of earlier projects and some of their improvements, while we propose that Indian partners create their own submarine based on ours, which is the most modern today. And this is a very important circumstance,” says Igor Vilnit. The second circumstance is related to the specific features of the future ship in light of the mandatory requirement of the Indian Navy to equip it with an air-independent power plant (AIP). The point is this: retrofitting VNEU diesel-electric submarines makes it possible to increase the duration of low-speed diving (three to five knots) by two to three times, which increases the secrecy of submariners’ actions on enemy communications and near its coast. “St. Petersburg” does not have an aerobic system, but starting from the fifth building, VNEU based on diesel fuel reforming will be installed on serial “frets”.
Over the past few years, Rubin specialists have made serious progress in the program to create an aerobic power plant for submarines. First, they built a technology demonstrator, then an onshore stand. Tests on it have been fully completed, and the requirements of the Russian Navy have been met. Currently, preparations are underway for the next stage of testing. Due to the secrecy regime, the details of the program are not disclosed. At the same time, the creators of the domestic VNEU openly declare that their installation has a number of significant advantages over similar Western developments. “The operating principle of our VNEU is recognized in the world as the most optimal, since both German and French colleagues switched to this type, but our design bureau began this work much earlier. Here we have an advantage, and it will be embodied in a promising project for the Indian Navy with the help and participation of Indian enterprises,” says the general director of Rubin. Victory in India is very important for launching a new product on the world market. Foreign contracts, in addition to the state defense order, will allow for faster recoupment costs incurred for research and development work, increase serial production and reduce unit costs. Many importing countries are interested in submarines with VNEU, but they want a ready-made, proven system. If Rosoboronexport manages to convince our partners in military-technical cooperation of the advantages of products of domestic shipbuilders, then Rubin, Admiralty Shipyards and their related companies will receive numerous contracts denominated in freely convertible currency. This will allow them to remain on the market and continue the development of the domestic school of underwater shipbuilding. Powerful hydroacoustics The Indian military is closely monitoring all the latest achievements of Russian sailors and shipbuilders. They show particular interest in the Saint Petersburg, since this ship is being presented as a prototype in the Project 75i tender. Igor Molchanov, chief designer of non-nuclear submarines at the Rubin Central Design Bureau, explains: “We say that the prototype for the Amur 1650 is the Project 677 Lada diesel-electric submarine. I confirm that all major tests of the lead ship have been completed. There remains only a small amount of checks related to the new hydroacoustic complex.” As you know, “St. Petersburg” is equipped with a prototype of the Lira State Joint Stock Company developed by the Elektropribor Central Research Institute. In terms of its technical level, it significantly surpasses the serial hydroacoustic systems of the MGK-400 “Rubicon” family, which are used on diesel-electric submarines of previous projects 636 and 877 of the “Varshavyanka” family.
“Since the St. Petersburg has a truly unique hydroacoustic complex installed, today all work is aimed at carrying out a comprehensive check of it in absolutely different conditions, continues Igor Molchanov. - The complex is operational and has confirmed all its characteristics, but since hydrology is a complex and changing thing, a large amount of work is being carried out specifically for various hydrological conditions that can be found in the World Ocean. Let me emphasize that we are not talking about confirming the functionality of the SAC - there is no longer any doubt about that - but about collecting certain statistics that will allow us to use this complex with a given efficiency in completely different conditions." It is the Lyra, in combination with the small size of the ship and the unusually low-noise permanent magnet propulsion motor SED-1 (and this was used on a Russian submarine for the first time), that gives the Lada the features of a “hunter” for foreign submarines . However, it is not only enemy submariners who have reason to fear. Torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber are also adapted to fire cruise missiles of the Caliber-PL complex. “St. Petersburg” conducted its first missile launches last fall. The submarine is capable of firing a salvo from all six vehicles, and the fast loading device allows it to release its entire ammunition load of 18 units at the enemy in a matter of minutes. This makes the Lada dangerous for any enemy, including an aircraft carrier strike group. Among the missile variants there is also 3M14T, which have already been used by Project 636.3 diesel-electric submarines “Rostov-on-Don” and “Krasnodar” to destroy ground targets in Syria that belonged to terrorists from the so-called “Islamic Caliphate”. Although the tests of the lead ship took a long time (from 2005 to the present), their completion indicates that our fleet now has a formidable “underwater fighter” fully prepared for mass production.
At the Admiralty Shipyards JSC (part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation JSC - USC) in St. Petersburg on September 20, 2018, a launching ceremony took place through a floating launch dock of a large diesel-electric submarine being built for the Russian Navy B-586 "Kronstadt"(serial number 01571) - the second submarine of Project 677 (code "Lada").
As reported in the press release of Admiralty Shipyards JSC, Alexander Buzakov, General Director of Admiralty Shipyards JSC, called the launch of the ship a significant event: “Today we are launching a ship laid down in 2005; over these years, both financing and construction have been suspended. But the forced pause allowed us to take into account as much as possible the operating experience in the Northern Fleet of the first ship of this project, the submarine St. Petersburg. Next year we plan to sign contracts for the fourth and fifth boats in the series, and we believe that the future of the non-nuclear submarine fleet lies with Project 677!”
On behalf of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, the participants in the ceremony were greeted by the Deputy Head of the Shipbuilding Department of the Main Command of the Russian Navy, Captain 1st Rank Mikhail Krasnopeev: “The entire history of the Admiralty Shipyards, starting from the era of Peter the Great, indicates that the enterprise can build unique ships. And today's descent is a clear confirmation of this. It is a great honor for Russian sailors to serve on such modern submarines.”
The Kronstadt submarine is the second in the Project 677 Lada series, laid down in July 2005. In 2009, by decision of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, construction of the order was suspended until the lead order of the PL series was transferred into trial operation "Saint Petersburg". The state contract to resume construction of the ship was signed on July 9, 2013.
The Kronstadt submarine is being built according to a design adjusted based on the results of the trial operation of the lead ship. The ships have a deeply modernized control system for ship technical equipment, an electric propulsion system, and a navigation complex. In the future, it is planned to equip the submarines of the Lada project with an anaerobic air-independent unit (VNEU), the creation of which is being developed by specialists from the Rubin Central Design Bureau for MT.
Project 677 Lada submarines belong to the fourth generation of non-nuclear submarines and are today recognized as the most modern and promising domestic non-nuclear submarines, both in terms of combat effectiveness and other tactical and technical characteristics. JSC "Admiralty Shipyards" is the only plant that builds ships of this class.
It is significant that the launch of the Kronstadt submarine is taking place in the context of a large-scale reconstruction of the slipway and delivery shop, which is carried out as part of the implementation of the Federal Target Program “Development of the Defense-Industrial Complex for the Period 2011-2020.” Upon its completion, the enterprise will create a modern specialized closed-cycle complex for the construction of non-nuclear submarines, which will optimize the production process and expand the capabilities of the Admiralty Shipyards in the construction of underwater orders. Work within the framework of reconstruction is carried out without stopping existing production and does not affect the terms of execution of the company’s contracts.
From the bmpd side, we indicate that the second large diesel-electric submarine of Project 677 (code "Lada") B-586 "Kronstadt"(serial number 01571) was laid down at the Admiralty Shipyards JSC on July 28, 2005, but in 2009, by decision of the Russian Ministry of Defense, construction of the ship was suspended until the lead submarine of Project 677 was transferred into trial operation B-585 "St. Petersburg". Government contract to resume boat construction B-586 "Kronstadt" according to the adjusted technical project was signed on July 9, 2013.
The development of a new generation non-nuclear submarine, Project 677, has been carried out by JSC Central Design Bureau for MT Rubin since the early 1980s. Lead submarine of Project 677 B-585 "St. Petersburg"(serial number 01570) was laid down at Admiralty Shipyards JSC on December 26, 1997. However, the construction of the boat turned into a long-term construction and it was launched only on October 28, 2004 and entered factory sea trials in 2007. April 22, 2010 submarine "Saint Petersburg" was accepted by the Russian Navy, but is still in trial operation in the Northern Fleet.
Third submarine of Project 677 B-587 "Sevastopol"(serial number 01572) was laid down at Admiralty Shipyards JSC on November 10, 2006. In 2009, by decision of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the construction of the ship was also suspended. In October 2013 the name "Sevastopol" by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, it was abolished for this boat and transferred to a universal landing ship of the type ordered in France for the Russian Navy Mistral. The contract for the construction of the third Project 677 submarine according to a modified project was concluded by the plant at the end of 2014. March 19, 2015 Project 677 submarine B-587(serial number 01572) was at JSC "Admiralty Shipyards" under the name "Velikie Luki"
In July 2017, at the International Maritime Defense Show IMDS-2017 in St. Petersburg, the General Director of Admiralty Shipyards JSC Alexander Buzakov said that under the terms of government contracts the delivery of submarines "Kronstadt" And "Velikie Luki" The Russian Navy is scheduled for 2020 and 2021, respectively.
Launching through the floating launch dock of the large diesel-electric submarine B-586 "Kronstadt" (serial number 01571) of project 677 (code "Lada") being built at JSC "Admiralty Shipyards" for the Russian Navy. St. Petersburg, 09/20/2018 (c) Dmitry Sokolov
The large diesel-electric submarine B-586 “Kronstadt” (serial number 01571) of Project 677 (code “Lada”), launched at the Admiralty Shipyards JSC for the Russian Navy, at the Volna power unit. St. Petersburg, 09.20.2018 (c) Curious / forums.airbase.ru
The large diesel-electric submarine B-586 “Kronstadt” (serial number 01571) of Project 677 (code “Lada”), launched at the Admiralty Shipyards JSC for the Russian Navy, at the Volna power unit. St. Petersburg, 09.20.2018 (c) kluz / forums.airbase.ru
(according to KVL)
(according to KVL)
DG with D49 diesel engines
VNEU on TE (in perspective)
mine weapons
General designer of the project Yuri Kormilitsin. The series is a development of project 877 "Halibut". The boats are intended to destroy enemy submarines, surface ships and vessels, protect naval bases, the sea coast and sea communications, and conduct reconnaissance. A low noise level was achieved thanks to the choice of a single-hull structural type, a reduction in the dimensions of the ship, the use of an all-mode main propulsion motor with permanent magnets, the installation of vibration-active equipment on vibration isolators of the “VI” type and the introduction of the technology for applying a new generation anti-hydrolocation coating “Molniya” [ ] . Due to the shortcomings of the power plant, the planned serial construction of boats of this project in its original form was cancelled, the project will be further developed.
Story
The development of a technical project, cheaper than Project 877 "Halibut", diesel-electric submarines for inland seas (to replace the obsolete submarines of the Black Sea and Baltic fleets) under the code "Lada" was carried out at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for MT with the support of Commander-in-Chief Chernavin at the turn of the 1980s , however, after its consideration in December 1990, the Military-Industrial Commission refused to finance the continuation of work.
According to plans for the modernization of the Russian submarine fleet for 2008, Project 677 Lada diesel-electric submarines were to become one of four types of submarines put into service. One of the features of the Soviet and Russian submarine fleet was the use of dozens of different types and modifications of submarines, which significantly complicated their operation and ship repair.
According to the initial project, it was planned to build 20 units for the Russian Navy. However, after failures during testing and modification of the lead boat of the project in 2011, a decision was made to re-equip it and complete the construction of the three submarines already laid down according to the modified project.
In February 2012, the media said that the Navy was abandoning the Lada project - according to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy V. Vysotsky:
However, a little later the commander-in-chief added that the project was being finalized and would be put into service.
As a result, the project will receive a new power plant and will be classified as non-nuclear submarines.
The previous commander-in-chief of the Navy, V. Vysotsky, stopped the production of these boats due to problems with the power unit and acoustic complex. Rubin has solved the last problem, experts say, but the power unit still does not produce the required power. However, the new commander-in-chief, Vice Admiral Viktor Chirkov, gave the command to complete the construction of the boats. “The delivery dates for the ships will become clear closer to the end of the year,” said a source at the Admiralty Shipyards. He did not rule out that, due to the maximum workload of shipyards, it is possible that part of the state program for non-nuclear boats will be transferred to other factories. Most likely, at Krasnoye Sormovo, hardly at the Severodvinsk Sevmash (by 2020 it will produce eight Project 955 Borei nuclear-powered missile submarines and the same number of Project 885 Yasen multi-purpose nuclear submarines).
Within state program weapons 2020 - by 2020, it is planned to build twenty diesel-electric submarines for the Navy - six will be Project 636.3 Varshavyanka boats, and the remaining fourteen, as a result of the above, will most likely be boats of the modified Project 677 Lada.
| To date, the Russian Ministry of Defense has made a decision on serial construction of these submarines. Funding for construction is planned in the state defense order, and trial operation of the submarines is taking place in accordance with the program, which is being successfully implemented. All characteristics specified by the Navy's technical specifications were largely confirmed during state tests, with the exception of the full submerged speed. Currently, the Project 677 submarine is at the main base of the Baltic Fleet and is preparing to move to the Northern Fleet to complete trial operation. |
He noted that the boat is equipped with more than 130 samples of the latest radio-electronic and shipboard equipment. According to him, modernized engines will be installed on production submarines, which will provide the necessary power.
On July 9, 2013, Admiralty Shipyards resumed construction of the second boat of the series, Kronstadt. The new contract concluded with the Russian Ministry of Defense provides for the construction of the ship according to an adjusted technical design. The designer of diesel-electric submarines of the Lada project - Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin" - carried out big job to improve the submarine and create modernized ship complexes. The second order in the series will install modernized equipment - a control system for ship technical equipment, an electric propulsion system, and a navigation complex. During the construction of Kronstadt, the results of the trial operation of the lead order will be taken into account.
As a source in the main command of the Russian Navy reported to TASS on January 16, 2016, the second and third Kronstadt and Velikiye Luki submarines of Project 677 Lada will be transferred Russian fleet later than planned - in 2019. The source emphasized that the second and third submarines of the series are being built taking into account all the comments identified during the operation of the lead Lada (St. Petersburg in the Northern Fleet). As for the possible installation of an air-independent (anaerobic) power plant on these submarines, “it is necessary to wait for the results of its sea tests.”
On January 21, 2016, the official representative of the Navy, Captain 1st Rank Igor Dygalo, stated that the cessation of construction of the Project 677 Lada series of diesel-electric submarines is not currently being considered.
On March 18, 2016, an official representative of the United Shipbuilding Corporation and a high-ranking representative of the Navy reported for the RIA Novosti news agency: “Two non-nuclear submarines of Project 677 Lada - Kronstadt and Velikiye Luki - will be transferred to the Navy in 2018-2019 and these will be the last boats of this project. Next, the construction of boats of the Kalina project will begin.
On July 27, 2016, it was announced that there was no final decision on the termination or continuation of the construction of submarines of this project.
On June 26, 2017, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral V.I. Korolev, announced that a decision had been made to continue the construction of diesel-electric submarines of Project 677, after delivery To the Navy submarines "Kronstadt" and "Velikiye Luki" series construction will continue.
On June 28, 2017, at the international naval show in St. Petersburg, Deputy Commander of the Russian Navy for Armaments, Vice Admiral V.I. Bursuk, said that in the near future two more serial submarines of this project will be contracted, which will be built at the Admiralty shipyards" in the period "until 2025". After 2025, the series of submarines will continue.
In June 2019, at the International Military-Technical Forum "Army-2019", a contract was signed between the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Admiralty Shipyards enterprise for the construction of two more (fourth and fifth) Project 677 Lada submarines.
Design
Project 677 diesel-electric submarines are made according to the one-and-a-half-hull design. The axisymmetric, durable body is made of AB-2 steel and has the same diameter along almost the entire length. The bow and stern ends are spherical in shape. The hull is divided along the length into five waterproof compartments by flat bulkheads; the hull is divided in height into three tiers by platforms. The lightweight body is given a streamlined shape, providing high hydrodynamic characteristics. The fencing of the retractable devices has the same shape as that of Project 877 boats, at the same time, the stern empennage is cross-shaped, and the front horizontal rudders are placed on the fencing, where they create minimal interference with the operation of the hydroacoustic complex.
Power plant
an air-independent (anaerobic) power plant was planned
Modifications
"Amur-950"- export modification. The main difference from the main project boats is the reduction in the number of torpedo tubes to 4 and the presence of vertical launch units (VLS) for 10 missiles, capable of being launched in two minutes in one salvo. Surface displacement - 1150 tons. The greatest length is 56.8 meters. The width of the hull is 5.65 meters. Crew - 19 people. Autonomy - 30 days. The maximum diving depth is 300 meters. Underwater speed - 20 knots.
"Amur-1650"- an export modification similar to that purchased by the Russian Navy. In addition, it has a direction-finding antenna capable of detecting particularly low-noise targets and can fire a salvo of 6 missiles.
Representatives
| Name | Shipyard | Pawned | Lowered to the water |
Accepted into operation |
Fleet | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The lead boats of the series - Project 677 "Lada" - B-585 (sometimes the names B-100 and S-100 are found, serial number 01570) and the lead boat Project 677E "Amur" ("Amur-1650") were laid down at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise " Admiralty Shipyards" (St. Petersburg) December 26, 1997. In 1997, the submarine B-585 received the name "St. Petersburg". The boat was launched on October 28, 2004.
The Project 677 submarine series is in production - in total, according to 2009 plans, it is planned to build 8 submarines of this type for the domestic Navy. According to the State Armaments Program for 2007-2015, the construction of 6 submarines, Project 677, is planned.
1. Submarine B-585 "St. Petersburg" pr.677 on the Neva in St. Petersburg on Navy Day
2. Submarine B-585 “St. Petersburg” pr.677 in Kronstadt, November 2010.
3. Quality and condition of the anti-hydroacoustic coating of the submarine B-585 “St. Petersburg”
4. Full electric propulsion with a single all-mode electric motor of 2 x 28DG DC diesel generators of the Kolomna Plant and JSC "Electrosila" with a power of 1000 kW each, the generator uses an 8-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine D-49 with a piston diameter of 260 mm, piston stroke of 260 mm and rotation speed up to 1000 rpm. Diesel generators are controlled remotely from a central control room using a digital control system.
5. Autonomy - 45 days Guaranteed service life - 25 years Guaranteed service life before the first repair - 10 years Submarine noise - according to media statements, the noise level of Project 677 should be 50% of the noise level of Project 877 submarine, which means in calm conditions the noise level is about 30 dB
6. 1 shaft and 1 fixed-pitch 7-blade propeller with saber-shaped blades
7. Crew - 35 people
8. 1 shaft and 1 fixed-pitch 7-blade propeller with saber-shaped blades
10. Remote screw column RDK-35, PL B-585 “St. Petersburg”
11. Armament: 6 x bow 533-mm torpedo tubes with an aerial firing system and an automatic rapid silent reloading device “Moray” (2 upper tier torpedo tubes are adapted for firing remote-controlled torpedoes). According to the specifications for the creation of the submarine, it was planned to install 4 torpedoes with an ammunition load of 12 torpedoes. Ammunition - mines, 18 torpedoes (SAET-60M, UGST and USET-80K types), Shkval torpedo missiles and Turquoise anti-ship missiles (Club-S), launched from torpedo tubes or 22 DM-1 type mines.
12. Device No. 1 SJSC “Lira” - bow quasi-conformal noise direction-finding antenna large area L-01 Onboard quasi-conformal noise direction finding antennas GAS in the bow of the hull
13. General view and fragment of the quasi-conformal direction-finding antennas of the GAS (bow and side) of the Lira State Joint Stock Company
Project 677 submarines (code "Lada") are a series of Russian diesel-electric submarines developed at the end of the 20th century at the Rubin Central Design Bureau. They are intended to carry out reconnaissance and sabotage activities against enemy surface ships and submarines, protect coastal areas from enemy landings, as well as lay minefields and other similar tasks.
Project 677 Lada submarines - video
Thus, the Lada submarine is optimally suited specifically for the tasks of modern warfare, which requires maximum mobility and stealth. A special feature of the submarines of this series is their construction scheme, called “one-and-a-half”. The fact is that the body (made of AB-2 steel) has the same diameter along its entire length. Unlike the big ones nuclear boats, bow and stern have a well-defined spherical shape. Thanks to the bulkheads, the hull is divided into five independent compartments. There are three decks on the ship.
Impressive hydrodynamic characteristics are achieved thanks to a specially designed hull with a particularly well-streamlined shape. The retractable devices have exactly the same barrier that characterizes Project 877 ships, but the stern empennage is made cross-shaped, and the front rudders are mounted on the fence. This was done so that they create as little interference as possible during the operation of the sonar equipment equipped with the submarine. The Lada project is a real standard in this sense: it is extremely quiet, it is extremely difficult to detect by sonar and hydroacoustics.
Armament of the Project 677 Lada submarine
The main means of defense and attack are six devices for launching 533 mm torpedoes, with two shafts on the upper deck designed for firing guided ammunition. The standard ammunition includes 18 torpedoes. Most often, the Lada 677 submarine uses universal-type ammunition (SAET-60M, UGST) and special torpedoes to destroy enemy submarines. On board there may be cruise missiles, as well as 22 mines of the DM-1 model.
There is the possibility of combat use of anti-submarine missiles of the Shkval type. The firing system allows both single shots and salvo firing from six mines simultaneously. The Murena complex is responsible for reloading the torpedo tubes, which allows the entire operation to be carried out in a fully automatic mode. The entire process is fully controlled from the command and control post equipped with the submarine. The Lada project was the first development in the Soviet Union of a non-nuclear submarine that would use such a number of complex and highly efficient automation.
To ensure the protection of the boat from enemy combat aircraft, the crew can use six MANPADS of the Igla-1M model. Coordination of the work of all combat systems is ensured through the use of the Lithium system. Thus, the Lada submarine, the armament of which we have described, despite its small dimensions, can cause big problems to any enemy.
Hydrolocation complex
The Lyra complex, which includes powerful sensitive antennas, is responsible for sonar reconnaissance. The installation includes three antennas, one of which is located on the bow of the submarine, and two are mounted on its sides. Engineers maximized their diameter to accurately measure underwater noise. Thus, the front antenna occupies almost the entire space on the bow of the submarine. In case of damage to the on-board equipment, there is manufactured sonar equipment, which the Lada submarine (Project 677) can tow along with it on the march.
Navigation system
The navigation system is of inertial type. Responsible for providing data on the exact location of the ship, as well as for determining the optimal speed at which the weapons on board can be used with maximum efficiency.
The system includes periscope equipment of the Parus-98 type, which includes the following elements:
- Non-penetrating commander's periscope, "Parus-98KP". It has daytime and low-level channels (optical and TV). The degree of magnification varies from 1.5 to 12X, it is possible to video record the observed data.
- Optocoupler mast, non-penetrating type "Parus-98UP". In fact, it is a multifunctional universal periscope. The design includes two channels (day and low-level), the magnification level is the same as that of a command telescope, and there is a highly efficient laser rangefinder.
Thus, the Lada submarine, the performance characteristics of which we have briefly described, can be used with equal success in day and night conditions. She always remains invisible to the enemy.
Other elements of the navigation system
The most important element is the radar system of the KRM-66 Kodak radar model. Includes active and passive radio channels and can operate in combined mode. When actively used, a particularly protected, hidden communication channel can be activated. It gives a complete picture of the situation surrounding the submarine (including the surface), but does not in any way unmask the ship. In this sense, the Lada submarine (Project 677) is in many ways a unique object, which really has no analogues in the world, no matter how hackneyed this expression may sound.
Digital communication system of the “Distance” model. Allows you to exchange information via a bidirectional secure information transmission channel with coastal command posts, ships and aircraft (provided they are at periscope depth). If there is a need to send an urgent message from great depths, a towed release antenna is used. This equipment is housed in a particularly robust casing that can protect it even in the event of hostilities. Simply put, the Lada is a very durable boat.
Finally, the Appassionata navigation equipment complex. Contains an inertial navigation system, as well as a GPS/GLONASS satellite navigation module. The accuracy of location determination when using it is extremely high, but depends on the proximity of the base station for the correction for a particular “provider”.
Power point
The “heart” of the submarine is a diesel-electric power plant, made according to a scheme that provides for movement exclusively on electric power. This is what distinguishes the Lada submarine from its foreign analogues. TTS (transport and technical systems) of foreign ships of this class can only operate on a diesel engine.
The diesel engine is located in the fourth compartment. To generate electricity, two 28DG brand generators are used, coupled with rectifiers with a power of 1000 kW each. Energy is stored in two groups of batteries. Each of them contains 126 elements (they are located in the first and third compartments). The total combined power of the entire installation at peak is 10,580 kW/h. The working motor is electric, excited by permanent magnets. Brand SED-1, power density is 4100 kW.
The chosen engine power and battery capacity are not random. The fact is that it is precisely with this ratio that accelerated battery loading becomes possible, which almost halves the submarine’s presence at periscope depth. Since the generator does not contain a brush current collector, the maintenance and operation of the entire installation is greatly simplified and becomes much safer. In this respect, the Lada is a boat that was in many ways ahead of its time.
Basic engine operation diagram
The all-mode electric propulsion system plays the role of the main propulsion device in all travel states of the ship. In principle, we have already said that movement on diesel power alone is not provided for in principle. The propeller has seven blades and is made using a special, low-noise technology. This state of affairs was largely achieved thanks to the saber-shaped blades, which produce a minimal noise level when moving. In addition, the submarine has two remote steering columns of the RDK-35 brand.
The maximum achievable surface speed is 21 knots. When submerged, the submarine does not accelerate beyond 10 knots. The cruising range is about 6,000 miles, but when driving economically, you can increase the resource by approximately another 650 miles.
On the living and working conditions of the ship's crew
The crew consists of 35 people. To save people in case of emergency, the KSU-600 rescue system is provided. It involves remote automatic release of life rafts of the PSNL-20 model. There are two of them in total, they are located in the add-on for retractable devices. The living area on the submarine is located in the third compartment. Unlike the surface ships of the USSR and the Russian Federation, very good living conditions have been created for the crew. Double cabins are provided for personnel. Each officer is assigned a separate room.
Meals take place in the wardroom, combined with a pantry room. Food supplies, depending on their characteristics and storage requirements, are located in refrigerated and non-refrigerated pantries. In recent years, submarines of this series have begun to be equipped with a new type of galley equipment: with a very compact size, it ensures the preparation of a complete and varied food allowance for the crew.
Reserves fresh water stored in food grade stainless steel tanks. You can replenish your supply of fresh food water directly on the go. For this purpose, desalination plants are provided, which use heat from running diesel engines to operate. In general, during the normal course of the hike, the water reserves are quite sufficient to meet not only domestic, but also technical needs. Fully loaded with everything necessary, the submarine remains autonomous for 45 days.
What's new?
Many innovations will be introduced into the design of a well-proven ship. The developer is the famous enterprise TsKB MT "Rubin". In mid-2013, it was finally decided that the Lada submarine would continue to be in service with the Russian Navy. In a modernized version, of course. Domestic specialists paid much attention to the modernization of on-board electronic systems. The automation of the torpedo launcher was completely rethought, and the mechanics of the electric power plant were almost completely redesigned (taking into account the use of modern technologies). Navigation was not left out either: considering how many new solutions were incorporated into it, we can safely say that this system has been created anew. It is not surprising that such a Lada submarine inevitably attracts the attention of foreign customers.
Today, Project 677 Lada submarines have become one of the most advanced non-nuclear submarines in the world. We can say with confidence that, provided that the pace of work is maintained, not only the domestic Navy, but also many foreign customers will be happy to purchase them, supporting the country’s budget.
